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La-modified TiO2/carbon nanotubes assembly nanocomposite for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from glycerol-water mixture
摘要： Lanthanum (La) modified TiO2 embedded over carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to develop nanocomposite for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from glycerol-water mixture has been investigated. The samples, synthesized by sol-gel assisted hydrothermal method, were characterized by XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, FTIR, BET, UVeVisible, Raman and PL spectroscopy. La/TiO2 anchored CNTs has larger surface area with uniform distribution of La3+ ions. The performance of hybrid assembly was evaluated in a continuous flow slurry photoreactor system under UVevisible light irradiations. The highest H2 evolution rate of 17265 ppm g-cat-1 h-1 was obtained over 5% La-5% CNTs/TiO2 NRs, 1.14 folds the amount produced over 5% La-5% CNTs/TiO2 NPs, 1.53 time than 5% La/TiO2 and 4.10 folds than using pure TiO2 NPs. This significant improvement in the photo-activity was obviously due to synergistic effect between La and CNTs, larger BET surface area, cleavage of glycerol by La, appropriate band structure, and hindered charges recombination rate. Among the sacrificial reagents, highest H2 evolution was obtained using glycerol due to the presence of a-hydrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms. A correlation between BET surface area and photonic flux in terms of photocatalytic H2 production rate was established to understand the performance of hybrid nanostructures. It was observed that BET surface area and photo-flux utilization for the generation of charge carriers with their efficient separation has significant contribution towards improved H2 production rate. More interestingly, catalyst persisted prolonged stability with a steady H2 production in cyclic runs. This study provides promising pathway for constructing composite of La/TiO2 coupled CNTs for efficient H2 production under visible light.
关键词： La/TiO2,Glycerol,TiO2/CNTs hybrid,H2 production,Visible light,Photo-catalysis
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Energy Management and Coordinated Control Strategy of PV/HESS AC Microgrid during Islanded Operation
摘要： An energy management control strategy is proposed for an islanded AC microgrid with the hybrid energy storage system (HESS) including the battery and the supercapacitor (SC). According to the state of charge(SOC) of the battery, the photovoltaic (PV) system can work in either maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mode or load power tracking (LPT) mode to prevent the battery from over charging. Similarly, the load shedding control (LSC) is adopted to prevent the battery from over discharging. A virtual impedance control strategy is proposed to achieve effective power sharing in hybrid energy storage systems, where battery provides steady state power and SC only supports transient power fluctuations. The terminal voltage of SC can be restored to the initial value automatically by introducing a high pass filter in the voltage control loop. The AC bus voltage maintains constant using the voltage secondary controller to compensate the voltage droop caused by the virtual impedance control strategy. Simulation results under typical working conditions verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
关键词： hybrid energy storage system (HESS),energy management,state of charge (SOC),Coordinated control,voltage restoration,islanded operation,virtual impedance
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Electrochemical properties of PEDOT: PSS /V2O5 hybrid fiber based supercapacitors
摘要： Binary conducting polymer (CP)/transition metal oxides (TMOs) fiber-based supercapacitors (FSCs) are considered to possess good electrochemical performance and cyclic stability compared with unitary ones since TMOs within FSCs can prevent the structure damage of CP during charge/discharge cycles to some extent. In this study, the CP/TMOs hybrid fibers are made by directly injecting the solution into capillary. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate /30 wt% vanadium pentoxide (PEDOT: PSS/30 wt% V2O5) fiber-based electrode has good electrochemical performance and cyclic stability (cycle retention: 94.02% after 4000 cycles at 0.1 mA/cm2). The energy density of the PEDOT: PSS/30 wt% V2O5 fiber in gel electrolyte is 1.37 μWh/cm2 at power density of 20 μW/cm2, which is much lower than the one in organic electrolyte (21.46 μWh/cm2 at power densities of 162.5 μW/cm2). Therefore, the method developed in this work induces good electrochemical performance for hybrid FSCs and promotes scalable fabrication of FSCs.
关键词： transition metal oxides,supercapacitor,Conducting polymers,electrochemical performance,hybrid fiber
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Current Trends towards Converging Technologies (ICCTCT) - Coimbatore, India (2018.3.1-2018.3.3)] 2018 International Conference on Current Trends towards Converging Technologies (ICCTCT) - Impact of Modulation Techniques for Hybrid-WDM Based FSO
摘要： Free space optical communication (FSO) provides high data rate by allowing light passed through the atmosphere. It is very effective and efficient technology for wireless communication. This emerging field basically uses invisible beams of light such as ultraviolet, infrared, etc. This work exclusively deals with the designing of hybrid WDM based FSO system using the simulation software Opti-System 7.0 with Minimum-Shift Keying and Differential-phase-shift keying. Further their study has been made as to which modulation techniques provides better means of communication. The normal rain weakening from rain power information which are gathered for a period for six months. The concert of the future system is evaluated in terms of Bit Error Rate, Q-factor, and Receiver Sensitivity are examined with respect to link distance for using rain attenuation 20.5dBm. The transmission wavelength and data rate is 1550nm and 2.5Gbps considered for investigation.
关键词： Receiver Sensitivity,Hybrid WDM,BER,Free space optical communication,DPSK,MSK
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Synthesis, crystal structures, second harmonic generation response and temperature phase transitions of two noncentrosymmetric Cu(II)-hybrid halides compounds: [(R)-C7H16N2][CuX4] (X?= Cl or Br)
摘要： (R)-(+)-3-aminoquinuclidine was used in the synthesis of [(R)-C7H16N2][CuCl4] (1) and [(R)-C7H16N2][CuBr4] (2), which both contain similar [CuX4]2- anions (X = Cl or Br). The structures of the two compounds were determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The use of enantiomerically pure sources of (R)-C7H14N2 forces crystallographic noncentrosymmetry. These materials crystallize in the chiral space group P212121 (No. 19), which exhibits the enantiomorphic crystal class 222 (D2). In the molecular arrangement, the [CuX4]2- anions are linked to the organic cations through N-H...X and C-H...X hydrogen bonds to form cation-anion-cation molecular units, which are held together by means of offset face-to-face interactions giving a three-dimensional network. Thermal stability of the crystals was ascertained by TG measurement. Compounds (1) and (2) display several phases transition with higher transition temperature at T = 100°C. The Kurtz and Perry powder method using Nd:YAG laser shows that their second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiencies are about 0.81 and 0.82 times as large as that of KH2PO4 (KDP), respectively. Such a chiral hybrid metal halides skeleton could provide a new platform for future engineering in the areas including information storage, light modulators and optoelectronic functionalities.
关键词： nonlinear optics,second harmonic generation,crystal structure,chiral hybrid halide,phase transitions
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Integration of organic/inorganic nanostructured materials in a hybrid nanogenerator enables efficacious energy harvesting via mutual performance enhancement
摘要： Recent reports demonstrate that hybrid energy harvesting devices can efficiently convert ubiquitously available but mostly unexploited ambient energies (e.g., mechanical, chemical, thermal, solar) into usable power that can potentially support a new generation of self-powered electronic systems. In this paper, we present a hybrid organic/inorganic nanogenerator on shim substrates, which integrates both piezoelectric and triboelectric components based on inorganic p-n junction ZnO nanostructures and nanostructured organic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film, respectively. In this design, individual components can be operated independently or concurrently. Moreover, when operated concurrently, component performance is mutually enhanced, enabling more efficient conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy in a single press-and-release cycle. When triggered with 25 Hz frequency and 1G acceleration of external force, the piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) component generates a peak-to-peak output voltage of 34.8V, which is ～3 times higher than its output when it acts alone. Similarly, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) component generates a peak-to-peak output voltage of 356V under the same conditions, which is higher than its initial output of 280V when acting alone. The nanogenerator unit produces an average peak output voltage of 186 V, current density of 10.02 μA/cm2, and average peak power density of 1.864 mW/cm2 when operated in the hybrid configuration. The device can even produce an average peak-to-peak voltage of ~160V from normal hand movement when placed under a wristband fitness tracker, and ~580V from human walking when placed within the walker’s shoe. The device has been demonstrated to charge commercial capacitors up to a few volts within several seconds.
关键词： nanoplates,energy harvesting,hybrid nanogenerators,nanowires,piezoelectricity,triboelectricity
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Non-Uniform Quantization Codebook Based Hybrid Precoding to Reduce Feedback Overhead in Millimeter Wave MIMO Systems
摘要： In this paper, we propose two non-uniform quantization (NUQ) codebook based hybrid precoding schemes for two main hybrid precoding implementations, i.e., the full-connected structure and the sub-connected structure, to reduce the feedback overhead in millimeter wave single user multiple-input multiple-output (SU-MIMO) systems. Specifically, we firstly group the angles of the arrive/departure (AOAs/AODs) of the scattering paths into several spatial lobes by exploiting the sparseness property of the millimeter wave in the angular domain, which divides the total angular domain into effective spatial lobes' coverage angles and ineffective coverage angles. Then, we map the quantization bits non-uniformly to different coverage angles and construct NUQ codebooks, where high numbers of quantization bits are employed for the effective coverage angles to quantize AoAs/AoDs and zero quantization bit is employed for ineffective coverage angles. Finally, two low-complexity hybrid analog/digital precoding schemes are proposed that utilize the NUQ codebooks. Simulation results demonstrate that, the proposed two NUQ codebook based hybrid precoding schemes achieve near-optimal spectral efficiencies and show the superiority in reducing the feedback overhead compared with the uniform quantization codebook based works.
关键词： feedback overhead,non-uniform quantization,spatial lobe,Millimeter wave communication,hybrid precoding
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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How doping configuration affects electron transport in monolayer zigzag graphene nanoribbon
摘要： The electrical conductance of hybrid monolayer graphene/h-BN ribbon with zigzag edges is numerically investigated using density functional theory. Our findings reveal that transmission of graphene/h-BN hybrid structure is sensitive to the arrangement of its component. The result also shows that replacing carbon atoms with boron and nitrogen totally reduces the transmission. Three different arrangement of BN domains have been investigated: replacing carbon atoms with boron and nitrogen in the transport direction, perpendicular to the transport direction and diagonal direction. We find that combination of many factors such as edge effect, additional charge carrier, interface of BN and carbon domains can alter transmission significantly.
关键词： Density functional theory,Doping configuration,Graphene/h-BN hybrid,Electronic transport
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) - Cleveland, OH, USA (2018.10.17-2018.10.19)] 2018 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) - Like Kleenex for Wearables: A soft, strong and disposable ECG monitoring system
摘要： Although electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring systems have been available in the form of wearable patches for the better part of two decades, they are limited in their ability to be utilized as inexpensive, yet vital short-term measurement devices that are (truly) completely disposable. Advancing current practices in soft conformable electronics, we present a Bluetooth-enabled, fully disposable single-lead ECG patch comprising ink-jet printed Ag-AgCl electrodes and components integrated on a single, flexible hybrid printed circuit board with an average current consumption of 3.6 mA from a 3.0 V stack of four flexible Lithium polymer batteries. As part of the Live Demonstration, our goals are to showcase the patch’s functionality including real-time continuous ECG display and fall detection, and the flexible enclosures and adhesives conferring its unique softness, strength and disposability following a 7-day lifespan.
关键词： Wearable,Printed Electrodes,Disposable,Real-time ECG,Flexible Hybrid PCB
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Growth of vanadium dioxide nanostructures on graphene nanosheets
摘要： The metal oxide/graphene hybrid nanomaterials have been known as promising functional materials for advanced applications such as high capacitive electrode material of secondary batteries, and high sensitive material of high performance gas sensors. Here, morphology controlled vanadium dioxide (VO2) nanostructures were grown on Si wafer and exfoliated graphene by the vapor transport method using a horizontal furnace system. One-dimensional VO2 nanowires were grown on SiO2(300 nm)/Si substrate under 0.4 kPa condition. On the other hand, thick polycrystalline of VO2 platelets were grown on exfoliated graphene nanosheets under 0.4 kPa condition. In addition, polycrystalline VO2 platelets were only grown on exfoliated graphene nanosheets under 101 kPa (atmospheric pressure) condition. The growth of polycrystalline VO2 platelets on graphene nanosheets in atmospheric pressure condition is attributed to preferential growth on functional group of graphene surface such as carbonyl. The functional group is served as nucleation site of VO2 nanostructures.
关键词： Nanostructures,Hybrid Nanomaterials,Vapor Transport Method,Graphene,Vanadium Dioxide
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52