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A single layered organic-inorganic hybrid compound [(FBMA)2PbBr4] with reversible phase transition and intense fluorescent property
摘要： Reactions of 3-fluoro-N-methylbenzylamine (FBMA) with PbBr2 in concentrated HBr aqueous solution afforded a two-dimensional (2D) single layered organic-inorganic hybrid material [(FBMA)2PbBr4], which was confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction, infrared (IR) spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The thermodynamic DSC analysis revealed it has a pair of reversible phase transition peaks with large thermal hysteresis exhibiting a first-order type phase transition. The variable-temperature single crystal diffraction proved the phase transition is originated from the order and disorder of organic-inorganic hybrid structures at room and high temperatures. Simultaneously compound [(FBMA)2PbBr4] exhibited a strong emission peak at 443 nm when under an excitation wavelength of 380 nm.
关键词： 2D single layered compound,fluorescent property,reversible phase transition,Organic-inorganic hybrid
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Preparation and characterization of poly (3-hexylthiophene) / carbon nanotubes hybrid material via in-situ click chemistry
摘要： The poly(3-hexylthiophene) - multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrid material (P3HT-MWCNT) was successfully prepared in the Cu(I) / DBU catalyst system via in-situ click reaction. The properties of P3HT-MWCNT were measured by FTIR, 1H-NMR, UV-vis, XRD, TEM, SEM and AFM. The fluorescence spectrum of P3HT-MWCNT proved the covalent bond between P3HT and MWCNT, and P3HT could be coated on the surface of MWCNT. Compared with the physical blends of P3HT and MWCNT, P3HT-MWCNT prepared by click chemistry exhibited better thermal stability and a higher melting point of 243.2 oC. TG results also indicated that P3HT content of P3HT-MWCNT was 21.4%. It was expected to prepare novel organic-inorganic donor-acceptor hybrid material with good solubility, optical and thermal stability, which may be a promising material applied in preparation of organic photoelectron in the future.
关键词： multiwalled carbon nanotubes,chemical modification,poly(3-hexylthiophene),organic-inorganic hybrid material,Click chemistry
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Stable Structural Phase of Potassium-Doped <i>p</i> -Terphenyl and Its Semiconducting State
摘要： The potassium-doped p-terphenyl compounds were synthesized in recent experiments and the superconductivity with high transition temperatures were reported, but the atomic structure of potassium-doped p-terphenyl is unclear. In this paper, we studied the structural and electronic properties of potassium-doped p-terphenyl with various doping levels by the first-principles simulation. We first find out the low energy position of K atom in intralayer interstitial space of the molecular layer, then examine whether two rows of K atoms can be accommodated in this one space, at last the effect of the interlayer arrangement between adjacent two molecular layers on total energy is taken into account. Our results show that the doped K atoms prefer to stay at the bridge site of single C-C bond connected two phenyls instead of locating at the site above the phenyl ring, distinct from the situation of K-doped picene and phenanthrene. Among the possible structural phases of Kx-p-terphenyl, the K2-p-terphenyl phase with P212121 group symmetry is determined to be most appropriate, which is different from the one in recent report. The stable K2-p-terphenyl phase is semiconducting with an energy gap of 0.3 eV and the bands from the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals are just fully filled by the electrons transferred from K atoms.
关键词： Plasmonics,First-principles simulation,Semiconducting state,Magnetic,Potassium-doped p-terphenyl,Superconductivity,Optical,Hybrid Materials
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Techno-economic study of off-grid hybrid photovoltaic/battery and photovoltaic/battery/fuel cell power systems in Kunming, China
摘要： The objective of this study is to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of stand-alone hybrid photovoltaic (PV)/battery and PV/battery/fuel cell (FC) power systems for a community center comprising 100 households in Kunming by using the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) software. HOMER is used to define the optimum sizing and techno-economic feasibility of the system equipment based on the geographical and meteorological data of the study region. In this study, different hybrid power systems are analyzed to select the optimum energy system while considering total net present cost (NPC) and levelized cost of energy (COE). The results showed that the optimal hybrid PV/battery system comprised 500 kW PV modules, 1200 7.6-kWh battery units, and 500 kW power converters. The proposed system has an initial cost of $6,670,000, an annual operating cost of $82,763/yr, a total NPC of $7,727,992, and a levelized COE of $1.536/kWh. While the PV/battery/FC power system is possible, the cost increases were due to the investment cost of the FC system. The optimal PV/battery/FC system has an initial cost of $6,763,000, an annual operating cost of $82,312/yr, a total NPC of $7,815,223, and a levelized COE of $1.553/kWh.
关键词： electrolyzer,levelized cost of energy,hydrogen,Hybrid power system,total net present cost,fuel cell,solar energy
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE International Conference on Computational Electromagnetics (ICCEM) - Chengdu, China (2018.3.26-2018.3.28)] 2018 IEEE International Conference on Computational Electromagnetics (ICCEM) - A Hybrid Graphene-Metal IFA Antenna with Dynamically Tunable Operating Frequency at Microwave Freauencies
摘要： This paper presents a hybrid graphene-metal IFA antenna with dynamically tunable operating frequency. A small piece of single-layer graphene is used to connect with metal structure. This paper shows that the operating frequency of the antenna with special structure can be dynamically tuned by changing the surface resistance of single-layer graphene. The operating frequency of the antenna can be changed from L1 band of Global Positioning System to B3 band of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System.
关键词： hybrid graphene-metal antennas,microwave,dynamically tunable operating frequency,single-layer graphene
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Three-Mode Modulation Electrochromic Device with High Energy Efficiency for Windows of Buildings Located in Continental Climatic Regions
摘要： A sustainable use of energy in buildings demands energy-efficient windows. A new design concept for electrochromic (EC) smart windows, easy to implement at the industrial level, is introduced here. It enables simultaneous control of visible and near-infrared (NIR) solar radiation, thus contributing to reduce heating and cooling loads especially in buildings located in areas experiencing wide daily temperature ranges. The EC device comprises amorphous indium zinc oxide, a conducting oxide transparent in the visible and NIR spectral regions, as nonactive layer, and a sol–gel protonic ionic liquid-doped di-ureasil electrolyte displaying high transparency and proton conductivity. The device offers three voltage-operated modes: bright hot (+3.0 V: transmittances of 70/83% at 555/1000 nm), semi-bright warm (?2.0 V: transmittances of 37/35% at 555/1000 nm), and dark cold (?2.5 V: transmittances of 6/4% at 555/1000 nm). Its main figures of merit are: high switching efficiency (transmittance variations of 64/79% at 555/1000 nm), high optical density modulation (1.1/1.3 at 555/1000 nm), high optical contrast ratio in the visible region (lightness variation of ≈43), good cycling stability, and unprecedented coloration efficiency (?12538/?14818 cm2 C?1 and +2901/+3428 cm2 C?1 at 555/1000 nm), outstanding optical memory (transmittance variation loss of only 24% more than 4 months after coloration), and self-healing ability following mechanical stress.
关键词： di-ureasil hybrid,N-butylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate,visible- and NIR-controlled electrochromic devices,amorphous indium zinc oxide,energy-efficient smart windows for buildings
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Iris Recognitions Identification and Verification using Hybrid Techniques
摘要： The aim of this study is proposed a new IRS using hybrid methods. These methods used to extract features of tested eye images. Gabor wavelet and Zernike moment used to extract features of iris. Canny edge detection and Hough transform used to determine the iris. The proposed system tested on CASIA-v4.0 interval database. The results show that the proposed method having good accuracy about 97%. PSNR applied on the training and testing iris image to measure the simmilarity between them. PSNR is support the proposed system where, highest value of PSNR for the tesed image dells with the image is belong to the same person in training database.
关键词： features extraction,Biometric,Zernike moment,hybrid,Gabor wavelet,iris recognition
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Sizing Methodology of a Multi-Mirror Solar Concentrated Hybrid PV/Thermal System
摘要： The use of a concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) system signi?cantly reduces the required solar cell area that often accounts for the major cost of a PV solar system. A comprehensive performance analysis of a multi-mirror solar concentrated hybrid PV thermal (CPVT) system was conducted. Among different concentrating systems, Linear Fresnel Re?ector (LFR) systems are more effective due to their simplicity of operation and low fabrication cost. A mathematical model and the simulation of a CPVT system employing a linear con?guration and horizontal absorber is developed here in order to evaluate its performance parameters, using a FORTRAN programing technique. The concentrator system consists of, different width of ?at glass mirrors placed under various inclination angles, focusing sunlight on to the PV solar cells mounted along the active cooling system. The effect of focus distance on concentration ratio, collector width, and heat gained by the coolant ?uid are investigated. All parameters of the linear Fresnel re?ector solar concentrator system are determined and the effect of cooling mass ?ow rate and cooling inlet temperature upon the system performance is evaluated. With regards to simulation results obtained via the focus distances, the width of mirrors decreased by increasing the number of mirrors, and in turn by increasing the focus distances, this resulted in an increase in CR values. For the speci?c number of mirrors, concentration ratio increased simultaneously increasing the focus distance; furthermore, increasing the number of mirrors resulted in a reduction in both the width of the mirrors and their inclination angles, and an increase in CR values. The results further con?rmed that the total (combined electrical-thermal) ef?ciency is higher than that of the individual electrical as well as thermal ef?ciency; reaching approximately 80% and showed no sensitivity to the rises in cooling water temperature for temperature cases under consideration.
关键词： hybrid PV/thermal,linear Fresnel re?ector,energy ef?ciency,concentrating system
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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A multiobjective approach for design of an off-grid PV/Diesel system considering reliability and cost
摘要： The aim of the present study is to solve multiobjective optimization (MO) of an off-grid hybrid power generation system including photovoltaic (PV) and diesel generator by multiobjective version of a recently developed metaheuristic approach named crow search algorithm (CSA). For this goal, the objective functions are regarded as net present cost (NPC) and system reliability defined by loss of power supply probability (LPSP) index. In the optimization problem, operating limitations of diesel generator and uncertainties of solar radiation and load demand are considered. To solve this problem, a multiobjective CSA (MO-CSA) is developed and the obtained results are compared with the results of nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). On the case study, simulation results reveals that when diesel generator ramp rate is 100%, at LPSP = 0, MO-CSA reaches to 54.8 kW and 172.8 m2 for rated power of diesel generator and PV surface area (corresponding cost is 3.7219 × 105 $), while the values found by NSGA-II are 55 kW and 86.04 m2 (corresponding cost is 3.7345 × 105 $). Based on the results, it can be drawn that (1) MO-CSA finds more promising results than NSGA-II, (2) Combination of PV and diesel generator leads to having a cost-effective and reliable power generation system, and (3) by considering the solar radiation and load uncertainties, the system cost increases.
关键词： crow search algorithm,hybrid photovoltaic/diesel system,multiobjective optimization
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[Springer Series on Polymer and Composite Materials] Polymer/POSS Nanocomposites and Hybrid Materials (Preparation, Properties, Applications) || Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials with POSS for Coatings
摘要： Surface coatings are important in terms of aesthetic and protection against the environmental and harsh conditions such as corrosion, erosion, abrasion, mechanical forces. Importance of coating is due to this fact that by use of a sub-micrometer film special substrates can be protected and find an appropriate role in the application sought. However, improvement in properties of coating is so important and one of the best methods to improve their properties is using nanotechnology. Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) is a special type of silica family with the imperial structure of RSiO1.5. This is a cage-like molecule that has been able to take on a special space in coating industry. It can affect mechanical properties (modulus, elongation at break, yield strength, impact resistance), surface properties (hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, surface friction, and surface roughness), thermochemical properties (curing time and curing behavior), rheological properties, chemical resistance, and permeability. In this chapter, the effect of POSS addition on the mechanical properties, surface properties, flame retardant effect, and corrosion resistance has been studied.
关键词： POSS,Nano,Coating,Silica,Hybrid
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36