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Synthesis, Characterisation and Applications of Polymer–Silica Core–Shell Microparticle Capsules
摘要： Encapsulation is a powerful method for the targeted delivery of concentrated reagents, as well as capture of valuable materials in dilute systems. To this end, many encapsulation schemes for specific scenarios have been devised, that incorporate chemospecificity or stimulus response in terms of uptake or release. However, an encapsulation platform that enables highly tailorable surface chemistry for targeting, stimulus response, and core chemistry for capture and release of reagents remains elusive. Here we present such a system comprising composite core–shell capsule particles of hydrophilic polymers coated with thin silica layers, synthesised via straightforward one-pot syntheses. Silica is found to encapsulate a range of polymer hydrogels through a mechanism independent of the specific core chemistry. The hybrid materials possess significantly enhanced rigidity, while allowing surface modification through simple yet versatile silane coupling reactions without a reduction in the functionality of the core. They are shown to have applications as diverse as recyclable catalysis and controlled delivery vehicles for agrochemicals. The successful synthesis and utilisation of this catalogue of materials indicates the broader capability of simple composite structures in an array of high value applications.
关键词： catalysis,silica,microgel,encapsulation,Hybrid materials
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Optimization of Performance Characteristics of Hybrid Wind Photovoltaic System with Battery Storage
摘要： This study concentrates on the Design and Implementation of a multi source hybrid Wind-Photovoltaic stand alone system with proposed energy management strategy. The method of investigation concerned with the definition of the system topology, interconnection of the various sources with maximum energy transfer, optimum control and energy management in order to maintain the DC bus voltage into a fixed value. An Energy management strategy was proposed using the Fuzzy logic controller such that enhancement in the performance of the system and optimization can be done. The Fuzzy logic controller takes the input from Solar (irradiation), Wind (speed), Power demand and the battery voltage which controls the respective subsystem and formulates into different operational modes of energy management. The role of Fuzzy threshold controller is to adjust continuously the threshold value for optimal performance based on expected wind, solar conditions, battery voltage and power demand. It is shown that when the fuzzy logic controller is used, the proposed DC bus voltage regulation strategy with different modes of operation have fast response and efficient operation which leads to a reduced operating cost.
关键词： WSHPS,wind,fuzzy control,energy management,PMSG,renewable energy,Battery,hybrid energy system
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Spray Deposition of Ag Nanowire–Graphene Oxide Hybrid Electrodes for Flexible Polymer–Dispersed Liquid Crystal Displays
摘要： We investigated the effect of different spray-coating parameters on the electro-optical properties of Ag nanowires (NWs). Highly transparent and conductive Ag NW–graphene oxide (GO) hybrid electrodes were fabricated by using the spray-coating technique. The Ag NW percolation network was modi?ed with GO and this led to a reduced sheet resistance of the Ag NW–GO electrode as the result of a decrease in the inter-nanowire contact resistance. Although electrical conductivity and optical transmittance of the Ag NW electrodes have a trade-off relationship, Ag NW–GO hybrid electrodes exhibited signi?cantly improved sheet resistance and slightly decreased transmittance compared to Ag NW electrodes. Ag NW–GO hybrid electrodes were integrated into smart windows based on polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) for the ?rst time. Experimental results showed that the electro-optical properties of the PDLCs based on Ag NW–GO electrodes were superior when compared to those of PDLCs based on only Ag NW electrodes. This study revealed that the hybrid Ag NW–GO electrode is a promising material for manufacturing the large-area ?exible indium tin oxide (ITO)-free PDLCs.
关键词： polymer-dispersed liquid crystal,graphene oxide,silver nanowire,smart window,hybrid transparent conductive electrode
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Aggregation States of Organic Dye Molecules in Organic – Inorganic Hybrid Films Studied by Near-Field and Far-Field Fluorescence Spectroscopy
摘要： Near-field fluorescence spectroscopy in conjunction with far-field fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy has been applied to investigate the aggregation states of cyanine dye of 2-[5-(1,3-Dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-1-octadecyl-2H-indol-2-ylidene)-1,3-pentadienyl]-3,3-dimethyl-1-octadecyl-3H-indolium perchlorate (NK3175) molecules in the depth direction, from the nanometer-scale top surface to the bulk, in the hybrid films consisted of NK3175 and a clay compound (SWN). The far-field Raman spectra reveal that these hybrid films contained both NK3175 molecules which did not take part in the adsorption and those adsorbed on SWN. The near-field photoluminescence (PL) spectra in the outermost surface within ca. 30 nm exhibit a significant blue shift for the hybrid films as compared to their respective PL spectra in the bulk, implying that the top surface of these hybrid films becomes more polar and/or rigid in terms of the microenvironment around NK3175 molecules compared to the bulk of them, in contrast to the case for the other hybrid film which was prepared by the alternative method. These results provide new information on the aggregation states of organic dye molecules not only in the bulk but in the nanometer-scale top surface of organic-inorganic hybrid systems.
关键词： far-field fluorescence,Raman spectroscopy,organic-inorganic hybrid films,aggregation states,Near-field fluorescence spectroscopy,cyanine dye
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Influence of crosslinker structure on performance of functionalised organic-inorganic hybrid sol-gel coating
摘要： This research aimed to investigate the influence of the co-condensation of the three different organofunctional trialkoxysilane precursors with two different crosslinkers, i.e. tetraethoxysilane or organocyclotetrasiloxane on the performance and the washing fastness of this multicomponent multifunctional sol-gel coating on cellulose fibres. To this aim, a three-component 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (SiF), 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride (SiQ) and P,P-diphenyl-N-(3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl) phosphinic amide (SiP) in equimolar sol mixture (MC), which included or combination with organocyclotetrasiloxane 2,4,6,8-tetrakis(2-(diethoxy(methyl)silyl)ethyl)-2,4,6,8-tetramethyl–cyclotetrasiloxane (T4) as crosslinkers, was applied to the cotton fibres by a pad-dry-cure process. The functional properties of the coated samples before and after repeated washing were investigated by the water ? (W) and n-hexadecane ? (C16) static contact angle as well as water sliding (roll-off) (α) angle measurements. The inclusion of both TEOS and T4 into the MC sol increased the hydrophobic affect and simultaneously decreased the oleophobic effect of the MC coating. These phenomena were more pronounced for higher concentration of TEOS and T4 crosslinker. The inclusion of T4 into the MC sol improved the coating washing fastness to a significantly higher extent than the inclusion of TEOS, with respect to the applied concentrations.
关键词： crosslinker structure,organic-inorganic hybrid,oleophobic,hydrophobic,sol-gel coating,washing fastness
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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A scalable hardware and software control apparatus for experiments with hybrid quantum systems
摘要： Modern experiments with fundamental quantum systems — like ultracold atoms, trapped ions, and single photons — are managed by a control system formed by a number of input/output electronic channels governed by a computer. In hybrid quantum systems, where two or more quantum systems are combined and made to interact, establishing an efficient control system is particularly challenging due to the higher complexity, especially when each single quantum system is characterized by a different time scale. Here we present a new control apparatus specifically designed to efficiently manage hybrid quantum systems. The apparatus is formed by a network of fast communicating Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), the action of which is administrated by a software. Both hardware and software share the same tree-like structure, which ensures a full scalability of the control apparatus. In the hardware, a master board acts on a number of slave boards, each of which is equipped with an FPGA that locally drives analog and digital input/output channels and radiofrequency outputs up to 400 MHz. The software is designed to be a general platform for managing both commercial and home-made instruments in a user-friendly and intuitive graphical user interface. The architecture ensures that complex control protocols can be carried out, such as performing of concurrent commands loops by acting on different channels, the generation of multi-variable error functions, and the implementation of self-optimization procedures. Although designed for managing experiments with hybrid quantum systems, in particular with atom-ion mixtures, this control apparatus can in principle be used in any experiment in atomic, molecular, and optical physics.
关键词： FPGA,scalable hardware,control system,software control,hybrid quantum systems
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Performance investigation of a hybrid PV-diesel power system for remote areas
摘要： Algeria is in a region with an enormous potential of solar energy for power generation. However, photovoltaic (PV) power plants have not yet been developed sufficiently in the country, and its applications such as PV pumping, solar distillation, and solar heating. The main problem is the high maintenance, operating costs, fossil‐fuel transportation, and CO2 emission of Bordj Badji Mokhtar's (BBM's) diesel power plant that exhibits a noteworthy issue in south Algeria. This paper presents the results of a theoretical and experimental study for PV/diesel hybrid energy system (HES) considering the load demand profile and the solar radiation in isolated area of south Algeria. Suggested hybridization based on a renewable energy with a view to an improved environment is promising. Study results show the performance of PV/diesel system based on solar radiation. The experiment load curve in this typical area may conduct the diesel generator to operate at 60% to 70% of its nominal power with less fuel consumption, and it has been verified during this study that the implementation of a PV/diesel hybrid system is efficient for higher load and higher solar radiation. Results and discussions are encouraging considering less emission of greenhouse gases and less storage of fuel, which drives the government to draw a political arrangement for the improvement of cleaner forms of electricity generation.
关键词： hybrid energy system (HES),PV generator,CO2 emission,South Algeria,diesel power plant,fuel consumption,solar radiation
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) - Bucharest (2018.7.1-2018.7.5)] 2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) - Measurement of IPTV Services on a Hybrid Access Network
摘要： Future telecommunication networks will be formed by means of different types of telecommunication systems that were used in the past. Considering expanding options of today’s smart mobile phones there is increasing pressure on telecommunication operators, who face a challenge how to cooperate across different telecommunication systems within their networks. The work focuses on the expansion of IPTV data flow on a hybrid network that is formed by the EPON and ADSL technologies. Along with the hybrid topology we focus on comparing multicast and unicast expansion of IPTV data traffic within this work.
关键词： EPON,MSE,ADSL,hybrid network,PSNR,SSIM,IPTV
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Preface: Two dimensional (2D) hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites
摘要： 2D hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) have been intensively investigated over the past 30 years before the rise of photovoltaic 3D hybrid perovskites. Along with the increasing research interest on 2D materials, they have attracted much attention. On the one hand, 2D hybrid perovskites possess much improved photo- and chemical stability over their 3D counterparts. On the other hand, the delicate interplay of multiple atomic bonding forces in the crystal lattice enables them to exhibit extraordinary properties that traditional inorganic 2D materials are unable to show. More importantly, the chemical and structural diversity of 2D HOIPs offers greater opportunities to fine-tune and engineer properties and functionalities compared with their 3D counterparts.
关键词： chemical and structural diversity,atomic bonding forces,photo- and chemical stability,2D hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites,photovoltaic
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Optimal Hybrid Beamforming for Multiuser Massive MIMO Systems with Individual SINR Constraints
摘要： In this letter, we consider optimal hybrid beamforming design to minimize the transmission power under individual signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) constraints in a multiuser massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system. This results in a challenging non-convex optimization problem. We consider two cases. In the case where the number of users is smaller than or equal to that of radio frequency (RF) chains, we propose a low-complexity method to obtain a globally optimal solution and show that it achieves the same transmission power as an optimal fully-digital beamformer. In the case where the number of users is larger than that of RF chains, we propose a low-complexity globally convergent alternating algorithm to obtain a stationary point.
关键词： power minimization,penalty method,hybrid beamforming,Multiuser massive MIMO
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46