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Measurement and Analysis of Calcium Content in Wild Chinese Dwarf Cherry (<em>Prunus humilis</em>) Fruits by Inductively Coupled Plasma-optical Emission Spectrometer
摘要： Different forms of calcium in wild Chinese dwarf cherry (Prunus humilis) fruits (two genotypes, small-fruit-type and big-fruit-type) were sequential extracted and measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). The calcium content variation after postharvest storage was also studied, to provide the theory basis for the active nutritional ingredient evaluation of Chinese dwarf cherry (Prunus humilis). The results showed that, wild Chinese dwarf cherry (Prunus humilis) fruits in mature stage were rich in calcium nutrition element and mainly composed by water soluble calcium and calcium phosphate which absorbable to human. Absorbable calcium (including water soluble calcium and calcium phosphate) content in small-fruit-type (63.79%) was significantly higher than that of big-fruit-type (54.97%). After postharvest storage, the water soluble calcium content was increased while the calcium pectate and calcium oxalate content dropped. Especially to the big-fruit-type, the absorbable calcium content increased to 75.49% compared with just picking 54.97% (small-fruit-type increased from 63.79% to 68.86%). The study suggested that Chinese dwarf cherry (Prunus humilis) was a natural and biological calcium supplement to people; meanwhile, small-fruit-type was more suitable, especially after postharvest storage.
关键词： ICP-OES,calcium content,fruit,Calcium composition,chinese dwarf cherry (Prunus humilis)
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Properties of Nitrogen/Silicon Doped Vertically Oriented Graphene Produced by ICP CVD Roll-to-Roll Technology
摘要： Simultaneous mass production of high quality vertically oriented graphene nanostructures and doping them by using an inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition (ICP CVD) is a technological problem because little is understood about their growth mechanism over enlarged surfaces. We introduce a new method that combines the ICP CVD with roll-to-roll technology to enable the in-situ preparation of vertically oriented graphene by using propane as a precursor gas and nitrogen or silicon as dopants. This new technology enables preparation of vertically oriented graphene with distinct morphology and composition on a moving copper foil substrate at a lower cost. The technological parameters such as deposition time (1–30 min), gas partial pressure, composition of the gas mixture (propane, argon, nitrogen or silane), heating treatment (1–60 min) and temperature (350–500 ?C) were varied to reveal the nanostructure growth, the evolution of its morphology and heteroatom’s intercalation by nitrogen or silicon. Unique nanostructures were examined by FE-SEM microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-Ray scattering techniques. The undoped and nitrogen- or silicon-doped nanostructures can be prepared with the full area coverage of the copper substrate on industrially manufactured surface defects. Longer deposition time (30 min, 450 ?C) causes carbon amorphization and an increased fraction of sp3-hybridized carbon, leading to enlargement of vertically oriented carbonaceous nanostructures and growth of pillars.
关键词： vertically oriented graphene (VOG),Li-ion battery,roll-to-roll technology,inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition (ICP CVD),supercapacitor
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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European Microscopy Congress 2016: Proceedings || An in-situ Low Energy Argon Ion Source for Local Surface Modification
摘要： A new in-situ low energy ion source for surface modification of a sample surface has been designed. The source is based on the principle of low energy ion bombardment from a beam of ions such as Ar+, N+, or He+ can be used for a local modification of the sample surface. Typical energies are in the range 10 - 100 eV, covering the interaction types from chemical reaction to ion etching and to ion implantation. The source is based on the following principle: electrons from a filament are accelerated towards a grid by a potential difference between the filament and the grid. The electrons enter a gas-filled region between the grid and the sample, where they ionize the gas. The ions are then accelerated towards the sample by a potential difference between the grid and the sample. The source produces a static beam of ions with a selectable energy of 10-100 eV and a full width half maximum (FWHM) of 7.1 um. This corresponds to a central ion current density of 0.019 nA/um2 at 100 eV, which is very similar to the current density at 100 eV of a regular ICP source. In this way, the sample area that is affected by the low energy ions can be more or less defined by the applied bias voltage. The first application can be polishing the top surface of a TMD laminate produced by CVD, or improvement of and LPE surface prepared by ICP. An example of the interaction with the beam is shown in Figure 1, where a native oxide on Si has been removed in 25 seconds, using 100 eV Ar+ ions.
关键词： Ar+,surface modification,low energy ion source,chemical reaction,FWHM,native oxide removal,ion etching,ICP,current density,static beam,N+,ion bombardment,TMD,He+,LPE,ion implantation,in-situ,gas ionization,filament,grid,CVD
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Rapid determination of mercury in dust emission using Cold Vapour Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (CV ICP OES)
摘要： Mercury emissions generated by the human activities were ranged between 60% and 90% from total mercury content determined in some industrialised regions. It is well known that urban dust has adverse health effects, being related to respiratory diseases. In this study, Cold Vapour Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (CV ICP OES) was optimised, validated, and applied in routine analysis for the determination of vapour mercury in dust emission samples collected from different Egyptian cement plants. The estimated detection limit, practical quantification limit, linearity (linear dynamic ranges and method linearity), accuracy (trueness and precision), and measurement uncertainty parameters were studied under optimised (CV ICP OES) conditions. The method showed that the estimated detection limit was found to be equal to 0.12 μg/L, and the quantification limit was found to be equal to 0.5 μg/L. The mean recoveries ± standard deviations at different levels were varied between 88.60 ± 8.18 and 110.20 ± 5.93% with a coefficient of variation expressed as relative standard deviation ranged from 0.64 and 7.25%. The method trueness was confirmed by using four different certified references materials purchased from Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme (FAPAS) and all obtained results were within satisfactory ranges and had acceptable recovery and Z-score values. The method precision, in terms of relative standard deviation (RSD), was being below 7.74%. The method uncertainty expressed as expanded uncertainty was found to be ≤ 16.11%. The results obtained make the method suitable for accurate determination of vapour mercury in dust emission samples at low concentration. The validated method was used for the determination of mercury in fifty-eight dust emissions samples and the results were compared with the maximum limit stated by European standard on the incineration of waste.
关键词： CV ICP OES,cement plants,mercury,Method validation,Egypt
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 Compound Semiconductor Week (CSW) - Nara, Japan (2019.5.19-2019.5.23)] 2019 Compound Semiconductor Week (CSW) - InAs/GaAs Quantum Dot Intermixing by Dry Etching and Ion Implantation
摘要： In this paper, we applied the quantum dot intermixing (QDI) technique developed for 1550nm-band InAs QD to 1300nm-band InAs/GaAs QD. Two methods of defect introduction for QDI were employed such as ICP-RIE (Ar+) and ion implantation (B+). As a result, about 80nm PL wavelength peak shift was obtained for ICP-RIE when annealing was performed at 575 (cid:933), after etching down to 450 nm to the QD layer. On the other hand, about 110nm wavelength shift was obtained for B+ implantation at an acceleration voltage of 120 keV and a dose of 1.0 × 1014 /cm2 and subsequent annealing.
关键词： ion implantation,ICP-RIE,QDI,InAs/GaAs QD
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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A Microscale Analysis of Hydrothermal Epidote: Implications for the Use of Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry Mineral Chemistry in Complex Alteration Environments
摘要： High-resolution, quantitative imaging of epidote from the Ann Mason fault block, Yerington district, Nevada, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) has revealed at least two types of epidote (type 1 and type 2), each with different major and trace element chemistry. Type 1 epidote is coarser grained, typically greater than 50 μm in diameter, and forms euhedral crystals that display twins and sector zones enriched in Fe, Sr, and Mn. Type 2 epidote is finer grained, typically less than 30 μm in diameter, irregularly zoned with respect to Fe and Al, and forms polycrystalline aggregates that include void space. Two sources of intragranular compositional variability are defined in this study—one related to different generations of epidote only visible on the microscale, and the other related to crystallographic features such as sector zones and twins. Intragranular compositional variations within Yerington epidotes highlight the potential importance of detailed sample characterization in complex alteration environments prior to undertaking mineral chemistry studies in the context of resource exploration. Based on statistical analysis of LA-ICP-MS spot data from one sample, the optimal number of spot analyses to adequately represent the range in element concentrations within zoned or twinned crystals is determined to be at least 40.
关键词： Yerington district,epidote,LA-ICP-MS,mineral chemistry,porphyry Cu deposits
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Quantitative spatially resolved <i>post-mortem</i> analysis of lithium distribution and transition metal depositions on cycled electrodes <i>via</i> a laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry method
摘要： Diminishing the loss of performance of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) is a challenge that is yet to be ful?lled. Understanding of deterioration processes and mechanisms (i.e., so-called aging) requires analytically accurate examination of aged cells. Changes in the distribution of lithium or transition metals in the LIB cells can in?uence their cycle and calendar life signi?cantly. As electrochemically treated cells and especially their electrodes do not age homogeneously and the local electrochemistry (e.g. deposition patterns) is strongly dependent on surface properties, bulk analysis is not a satisfactory investigation method. Therefore, a surface sensitive method, namely laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (LA-ICP-OES) is presented. LIB cells with lithium metal oxide LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NCM111) as cathode material and graphite as anode material are investigated using a 213 nm Nd:YAG laser.
关键词： graphite,aging,laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry,NCM111,LA-ICP-OES,LIBs,Nd:YAG laser,lithium ion batteries
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Ge/Si Partitioning in Igneous Systems: Constraints From Laser Ablation ICP‐MS Measurements on Natural Samples
摘要： Mineral/melt and intermineral Ge/Si exchange coef?cients for nine common rock‐forming silicate minerals were determined by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS). Ge/Si mineral/melt exchange coef?cients were found to vary by up to a factor of 10. In ma?c and ultrama?c systems, Ge/Si mineral/melt exchange coef?cients are less than 1 for plagioclase (0.48) and olivine (0.72), close to 1 for clinopyroxene (1.17) and orthopyroxene (1.07), and greater than 1 for garnet (2.69). In felsic and silicic systems, the Ge/Si mineral/melt exchange coef?cient is less than 1 for quartz (0.23), plagioclase (0.67), and potassium feldspar (0.67) but much greater than 1 for biotite (4.80) and hornblende (3.95). We show that early, olivine‐dominated fractionation of primitive basalts does not fractionate Ge/Si signi?cantly, but subsequent cotectic crystallization of plagioclase and pyroxene can increase the Ge/Si ratio from 6 × 10?6 to 7 × 10?6. We show that the only way to decrease Ge/Si during magmatic differentiation is by crystallization of hornblende or biotite (though biotite is typically a late crystallizing phase), consistent with hornblende being a major fractionating phase in hydrous intermediate magmas. The high compatibility of Ge in hornblende makes this element, in conjunction with Si, a potentially useful approach for distinguishing between hornblende and garnet in the source regions of intermediate magmas. The high compatibility of Ge in micas suggests that Ge/Si systematics may also be useful in understanding the origin of ultrapotassic magmas, which are often thought to derive from phlogopite‐rich sources.
关键词： igneous systems,magmatic differentiation,Ge/Si partitioning,rock‐forming silicate minerals,LA‐ICP‐MS
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Optimization of Mesa Etch for a Quasi-Vertical GaN Schottky Barrier Diode (SBD) by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) and Device Characteristics
摘要： The optimization of mesa etch for a quasi-vertical gallium nitride (GaN) Schottky barrier diode (SBD) by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching was comprehensively investigated in this work, including selection of the etching mask, ICP power, radio frequency (RF) power, ratio of mixed gas, ?ow rate, and chamber pressure, etc. In particular, the microtrench at the bottom corner of the mesa sidewall was eliminated by a combination of ICP dry etching and tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) wet treatment. Finally, a highly anisotropic pro?le of the mesa sidewall was realized by using the optimized etch recipe, and a quasi-vertical GaN SBD was demonstrated, achieving a low reverse current density of 10?8 A/cm2 at ?10 V.
关键词： quasi-vertical,inductively coupled plasma (ICP),GaN,dry etch,sidewall pro?le,mesa,Schottky barrier diode (SBD)
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Development of ZnO Nanoparticles as an Efficient Zn Fertilizer: Using Synchrotron-Based Techniques and Laser Ablation to Examine Elemental Distribution in Wheat Grain
摘要： Zinc (Zn) deficiency is an important problem worldwide, adversely impacting human health. Using a field trial in China, we compared the foliar-application of both ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and ZnSO4 on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for increasing the Zn concentration within the grain. We also used synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy (μ-XRF) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to examine the distribution of Zn within the grain. We found that ZnO-NPs increase the Zn concentration in the wheat grain, increasing from 18 mg·kg-1 in the control up to 40 mg·kg-1 when the ZnO-NPs were applied four times. These grain Zn concentrations in the ZnO-NP-treated grains are similar to those recommended for human consumption. However, the ZnO-NPs were similar in their effectiveness to ZnSO4. When examining trace element distribution in the grain, the trace elements were found to accumulate primarily in the aleurone layer and the crease region across all treatments. Importantly, Zn concentrations in the grain endosperm increased by nearly 30-fold relative to the control, with this markedly increasing Zn within the edible portion. These results demonstrate that ZnO-NPs is a suitable fertilizer for increasing Zn within wheat grain and can potentially be used to improve human nutrition.
关键词： X-ray fluorescence microscopy (μ-XRF),foliar application,wheat,Zn biofortification,laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS),ZnO-NPs
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59