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New Strategy to Preserve Phosphate by Ionic Liquid Matrices in Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization: A Case of Adenosine Nucleotides
摘要： Adenosine -5'-triphosphate (ATP) plays a valuable role in metabolic activity to produce adequate energy in a biosystem. A high ATP/AMP ratio has a correlation with diabetes that induces suppression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)–mass spectrometry (MS) has outstanding potential in determining the ratio of several types of adenosine phosphates in a sample to rapidly understand the primary energy transfer in metabolism. Although MALDI is viewed as a soft ionization technique for MS analysis, excess photon energy might crack the phosphate bonds leading to misinterpretation of the ATP level. In this work, ionic liquid matrices (ILMs) were employed to reduce fragmentation and increase the detection e?ciency during the MALDI process. This study demonstrated for the ?rst time that 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid pyridine (DHBP) is one of the most e?ective matrices for further quantitative analysis of adenosine nucleotides. This systematic screening of ILMs also enhances the fundamental understanding of MALDI.
关键词： Adenosine,ionic liquid matrix,AMPK,triphosphate,soft ionization,ionic liquids,ATP,nucleotides,MALDI
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Engineering Quantum Dots with Ionic Liquid: A Multifunctional White Light Emitting Hydrogel for Enzyme Packaging
摘要： Herein, a new and straightforward approach for the fabrication of a stable and multifunctional white light emitting (WLE) hydrogel is reported. For the first time, the utility of such hydrogels for protein packaging with enhanced activity and stability is presented. Initially, a WLE composite with color chromaticity of (0.33, 0.27) is fabricated by engineering the surface of an orange light emitting Mn2+-doped ZnS quantum dot (QD) using a blue-emitting choline-tosylate ionic liquid (IL). The color chromaticity can be tuned by altering the concentration of the IL and excitation wavelengths. The WLE hydrogel is constructed through the conjugation of the WLE QD-IL composite with an alginate biopolymer. Remarkably, the WLE QD-IL composite and WLE hydrogel show preservation of their structural and luminescence properties for an extended time and thus indicate a potential for storage applications. When cytochrome c (Cyt C) is caged within the WLE hydrogel matrix, the peroxidase activity increases by more than 1.7-times compared with native Cyt C and a Cyt C-loaded QD hydrogel at room temperature. Also, Cyt C-immobilized WLE hydrogel shows a 3.5-fold increase in activity (compared with native Cyt C) at a higher temperature (120 °C) and in the presence of a denaturation agent.
关键词： ionic liquids,hydrogels,cytochrome C,white light emissions,quantum dots
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Synthesis, and spectroscopic, thermal and dielectric properties of phosphazene based ionic liquids: OFET application and tribological behavior
摘要： Mono(4-fluorobenzyl)cyclotriphosphazene derivatives with (dimethylamino)ethoxy (Pz1a–2a) and (dimethylamino)propoxy (Pz1b–2b) chains were synthesized. The chain nitrogen atoms of fully substituted cyclotriphosphazene compounds were quaternized by treatment with CH3I to give phosphazene based ionic liquids (PzILs), PzIL1–PzIL4. Subsequent metathesis with LiN(SO2CF3)2 gave the salts, PzIL1a–PzIL4a. The structures of the PzILs were confirmed by elemental analyses, FTIR and 1H, 13C{1H}, and 31P{1H} NMR techniques. The thermal properties of all compounds were described using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). These newly synthesized PzILs were used as the dielectric layer in organic field effect transistors (OFETs). Both dielectric and OFET characterization were performed. Because of the high dielectric effect of the PzILs, the fabricated OFETs operated in the low voltage range. Furthermore, a sliding wear test was conducted at room temperature using an AA7075 disc specimen against a stationary 100Cr6 steel ball. The wear protection of the PzILs and 15W40 engine oil was determined by considering the volume loss of AA7075. The lowest coefficient of friction (COF) and wear loss were obtained with PzIL4a.
关键词： ionic liquids,dielectric properties,phosphazene,OFET,tribology,synthesis
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Optical Kerr effect spectroscopy of CS <sub/>2</sub> in monocationic and dicationic ionic liquids: insights into the intermolecular interactions in ionic liquids
摘要： A comparative study of the intermolecular dynamics of CS2 in monocationic and dicationic ionic liquids (ILs) was performed using optical heterodyne-detected Raman-induced Kerr effect spectroscopy (OHD-RIKES). The reduced spectral densities (RSDs) of mixtures of CS2 in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethane)sulfonyl]amide ([CnC1im][NTf2] for n = 3–5) and 1,2n-bis(3-methylimidazolium-1-yl) alkane bis[(trifluoromethane)sulfonyl]amide ([(C1im)2C2n][NTf2]2 for n = 3–5) were investigated as a function of concentration at 295 K. An additivity model was used to obtain the CS2 contribution to the RSD of a mixture in the 0–200 cm?1 region. One of the aims of this study is to show how CS2 can be used as a probe of intermolecular/interionic interactions in ILs. The concentrations were chosen such that the CS2-to-imidazolium ring mole fraction of a mixture with [(C1im)2C2n][NTf2]2 (DIL(2n)) is the same as that of a mixture with [CnC1im][NTf2] (MIL(n)). As found previously for CS2 in monocationic ILs, the intermolecular spectrum of CS2 in dicationic ILs is lower in frequency and narrower than that of neat CS2. The new result is that the intermolecular spectrum of CS2 is higher in frequency in DIL(2n) than in the corresponding MIL(n), indicating that CS2 molecules experience a stiffer potential in dicationic ILs than in monocationic ILs. The intermolecular dynamics of CS2 being higher in frequency in DIL(2n) than in MIL(n) is consistent with recent molecular dynamics simulations (Lynden-Bell and Quitevis, J. Chem. Phys., 2018, 148, 193844) that show the stiffer potential is the result of greater confinement of CS2 in DIL(2n) than in MIL(n). We also show in this study how effects due to dilution and the intermolecular potential seen by a solute molecule in solution are unraveled.
关键词： monocationic,reduced spectral densities,CS2,ionic liquids,dicationic,intermolecular interactions,Optical Kerr effect spectroscopy
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Thermal Analysis of New Ionic Liquids by EZ-Scan Technique
摘要： Many organic materials have been developed and studied aiming photonic aplications. Ionic liquids (IL) are organic materials in the class of molten salts and they presents many interesting physicochemical properties. IL are used in batteries, they are good stabilizers for colloidal suspensions and also green solvents for chemical reactions and processes [1]. Two new ionic liquids synthetized, BMIOMe.NTf2 and BMIOMe.N(CN)2, evidenced an alteration in the electrical conductivity when illuminated with a Xe-lamp. One hypothesis of this change of conductivity is related to the increase of carrier density. An increase of charger mobility due to thermal effects could also coperate with this modification. Besides the usual fast electronic nonlinearity, we characterize the thermal response for both IL synthetized by EZ-scan technique [2,3] in order to verify how strong is the linear absorption converted in nonradioative decay and change of sample temperature.
关键词： Ionic liquids,EZ-scan technique,thermal analysis,photonic applications
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Application of Polyoxometalate-Ionic Liquids (POM-ILs) in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs)
摘要： Polyoxometalates (POMs) as anionic metal oxides are promising candidates for application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) due to their peculiar properties including a reversible and multi-electron redox behavior. In this work, four polyoxometalate as ionic liquids (POM-ILs) based on the combination between phosphomolybdate anion (PMo12O40 3-) and organic cations such as [BMIM]+, [BPy]+, [HDPy]+ and [P6,6,6,14]+ were prepared and characterized. A detailed chemical structural elucidation by elemental analysis, ATR-FTIR, 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopies have been performed. These POM-ILs were tested as photosensitizers by adsorption to the photoanode (TiO2 film) for different times (15 minutes to 17 hours). The DSSCs performance can be highly improved comparing the commercially available compound and POM-ILs. The electrodeposition process is an excellent alternative to adsorption in order to improve the overall efficiencies. In general, [BPy]3[PMo12O40] and [P6,6,6,14]3[PMo12O40] are the most promissory compounds for DSSC approaches.
关键词： Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells,Electrodeposition,Ionic Liquids,Polyoxometalate,Energy Conversion Efficiency
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Dye-sensitized solar cells using fluorone-based ionic liquids with improved cell efficiency
摘要： Dye-sensitized solar cells using fluorone-based ionic liquids with improved cell efficiency. Six trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride (P6,6,6,14Cl) based ionic liquids (IL) with dianionic fluorone derivatives were synthesized with total exchange of chloride from the dianionic dye: Fluorescein (a), Rose Bengal (b), Phloxine B (c), Eosin B (d), Eosin Y (e) and Erythrosin B (f). Spectroscopic characterization of these viscous salts indicated the presence of the expected 1 or 2 strong absorption bands. A total of 12 compounds, as sodium (from a to f) or as trihexyltetradecylphosphonium dianion salts (from a0 to f0), were used for sensitization of nanocrystalline TiO2. Here, we report the sensitization activity of these metal free dyes in terms of current–potential curve, open-circuit potential, fill factor, and overall solar energy conversion efficiency which have been evaluated under 100 mW cm?2 light intensity. We developed a strategy to improve the light harvesting of these conventional dyes by simple cationic exchange which was accompanied by a minimum of 30% increase in the cell photovoltaic conversion efficiency. Also, for Eosin B the binding to TiO2 apparently allows reduction of the –NO2 electron-withdrawing group to –NO2?. This provides a new interaction between the reduced nitro group and the TiO2 surface, reflecting an improvement in the overall DSSC performance reaching its maximum of 0.65% efficiency after light DSSC soaking. Factors that improve DSSC performance like aggregate inhibition, increment of the electrode's quasi-Fermi level and slight red shift in the absorption spectra of the tested anionic dyes were achieved by simple cationic exchange.
关键词： TiO2 sensitization,Cationic exchange,Photovoltaic conversion efficiency,Fluorone-based ionic liquids,Dye-sensitized solar cells
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Electrodeposition of photovoltaic thin films from ionic liquids in ambient atmosphere: Gallium from a chloroaluminate ionic liquid
摘要： At present time, semiconductive thin films used in photovoltaic cells can be successfully electrodeposited using ionic liquids in lab scale. However, scaling-up of this technology is hazardous due to the complexity involved to conduct electrodeposition in inert gas atmosphere. This paper reports on a novel approach for electrodeposition of gallium from a chloroaluminate ionic liquid composed of anhydrous aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIC) in ambient atmosphere, after protection with a non water-absorbable hydrocarbon layer. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements were undertaken to characterize the electrodissolution and electrodeposition behavior of Ga. Potentiostatic electrodeposition experiments were conducted to deposit functional Ga layers on Pt, nickel, and mild steel substrates. SEM/EDX investigations revealed that Ga deposits have inhomogeneous microstructure developed through the progressive nucleation-growth mechanism that has been controlled by diffusion of Ga cations.
关键词： Ionic liquids,Semiconductors,Photovoltaic cells,Cyclic voltammetry,Electrodeposition,Gallium
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Ink‐Jet Printable, Self‐Assembled, and Chemically Crosslinked Ion‐Gel as Electrolyte for Thin Film, Printable Transistors
摘要： Electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs) represent an interesting alternative to conventional dielectric-gating to reduce the required high supply voltage for printed electronic applications. Here, a type of ink-jet printable ion-gel is introduced and optimized to fabricate a chemically crosslinked ion-gel by self-assembled gelation, without additional crosslinking processes, e.g., UV-curing. For the self-assembled gelation, poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(ethylene-alt-maleic anhydride) are used as the polymer backbone and chemical crosslinker, respectively, and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([EMIM][OTf ]) is utilized as an ionic species to ensure ionic conductivity. The as-synthesized ion-gel exhibits an ionic conductivity of ≈5 mS cm?1 and an effective capacitance of 5.4 μF cm?2 at 1 Hz. The ion-gel is successfully employed in EGTs with an indium oxide (In2O3) channel, which shows on/off-ratios of up to 1.3 × 106 and a subthreshold swing of 80.62 mV dec?1.
关键词： printed electronics,ink-jet print,ion-gels,electrolyte-gated transistors,ionic liquids
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Ionic liquid-mediated functionalization of graphene-based materials for versatile applications: a review
摘要： Industrial applications of the graphene (G) and graphene oxide (GO) can be further explored by making them more dispersible in the aqueous and organic environments. Several attempts have been performed to enhance the dispersity of the G and GO in which surface functionalization is one of the most effective methods. Recently, surface functionalization of G and GO using ionic liquids is gaining particular emphasis because of their high thermal and chemical stability, low volatility, very high ability to dissolve a wide range of compounds and more importantly their environmental-friendly behaviour. The covalent functionalization of G and GO is mostly being achieved by acylation, esterification, isocyanate formation, nucleophilic ring opening, amide formation, and diazotization and cycloaddition reactions. Non-covalent functionalization mostly involves electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonding, π–π interactions, van der Waals interaction and donor–acceptor interactions. Because of their high dipolar nature, ionic liquids strongly interact with the sp2-hydrodized carbon networks of G and GO sheets and make them more dispersible as compared to their native networks. In the present review article, we described the collection of reports available on covalent and non-covalent functionalization of G and GO using ionic liquids and their industrial applications. The ionic liquid-functionalized graphene (G-IL) and graphene oxide (GO-IL) are extensively used in pollutants decontamination, sensing and bio-sensing, lubrication, catalysis, and carbon dioxide capturing and hydrogen production. The G-IL and GO-IL represent an essential class of materials for versatile future applications.
关键词： Dispersibility,Functionalization,Nanomaterials,Ionic liquids,Graphene-based materials,Sustainable chemistry
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36