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Benefits, problems and challenges of plant factories with artificial lighting (PFALs): a short review
摘要： The benefits and problems to be solved and challenges for plant factories with artificial lighting (PFALs) are discussed. The benefits include high resource-use efficiency, high annual productivity per unit land area, and production of high-quality plants without using pesticides, regardless of weather. A major problem to be solved is high initial investment and operation costs. Challenges for the next-generation smart PFALs include the introduction of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence with the use of big data, genomics and phenomics (or methodologies and protocols for noninvasive measurement of plant-specific traits related to plant structure and function).
关键词： resource-use efficiency (RUE),cultivation system module (CSM),standardization,smart LED lighting system,annual productivity,artificial intelligence,phenotyping
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 VII. Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4) - Trebic, Czech Republic (2018.9.18-2018.9.20)] 2018 VII. Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4) - Radiation of the Luminous Flux Into the Upper Half-Space in Wils - Building Design
摘要： The article focuses on the further verification of the software goniophotometer in the BUILDING DESIGN computational program in terms of the possibility of calculating the radiation of the liminous flux flowing into the upper half- space from public lighting systems [1]. Software goniophotometer was tested by the previous verification for the accuracy of calculations of the direct and indirect component of luminaire luminous flux. The superstructure was conceived as the possibility of inserting a network of calculating points in the shape of a sphere. We can imagine the points showing normal illuminance towards the centre of the sphere as a lux meter sensor. The system thus designed duplicates the function of a real goniophotometer, a photometric laboratory instrument that measures luminous intensity or luminous intensity curves. The principle of a goniophotometer is that it allows to measure the luminous intensity in different planes and at different angles, which can be easily interpreted by a sphere with a network of calculation points. The density of the calculation points can be entered in an angular step according to the standard luminaire measurement plan C, γ. The goal of implementing such a network of calculation points is to extend the possibilities of a computational program for modelling the luminous intensity curves of existing luminaires as well as newly composed luminaires. The main goal is calculating the radiation of the liminous flux flowing into the upper half-space from the outdoor lighting systems. It will be the basis for further astronomical calculations that focus on distracting light and increased sky luminance. Based on the testing, it will be possible to create model of lighting system in some city or district of the city by inserting LDT data of real luminaires, thus creating a real lighting system with real building models. From the resulting model, it will be possible to quantify the proportion of the direct and indirect luminous flux flowing into the upper half-space.
关键词： sodium lighting system,modeling,radiation curves,LED lighting system,software goniophotometer,upper half-space
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Smart Plant Factory (The Next Generation Indoor Vertical Farms) || Plant Factories with Artificial Lighting (PFALs): Benefits, Problems, and Challenges
摘要： The bene?ts, unsolved problems, and challenges for plant factories with arti?cial lighting (PFALs) are discussed. The remarkable bene?ts are high resource use ef?ciency, high annual productivity per unit land area, and production of high-quality plants without using pesticides. Major unsolved problems are high initial investment, electricity cost, and labor cost. A major challenge for the next-generation smart PFAL is the introduction of advanced technologies such as arti?cial intelligence with the use of big data, genomics, and phenomics (or methodologies and protocols for noninvasive measurement of plant-speci?c traits related to plant structure and function).
关键词： Smart LED lighting system,Cultivation system module (CSM),Phenotyping,Annual productivity,Standardization,Arti?cial intelligence,Resource use ef?ciency (RUE)
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36