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Self-powered flexible electronics beyond thermal limits
摘要： Self-powered flexible electronics using high-performance inorganic materials have been studied and developed for the essence of future electronics due to the thing, lightweight, self-sustainable, and biocompatible characteristics, which can be applied to body sensor network and next generation Internet of Things (IoT). However, most of inorganic materials should be processed in the high-temperature processes such as the semiconductor fabrication, which is not compatible flexible plastic substrates. Therefore, the new approaches must be demonstrated to overcome the thermal limits of previous methodology and achieve the flexible inorganic electronics on various flexible plastic substrates. In this review paper, we introduce the recent progress of technologies to realize flexible and high-performance inorganic electronics on plastic substrates over the thermal limits, i.e., laser-assisted procedure, chemical or mechanical exfoliation approaches. They are compatible not only to flexible plastic substrates but also to conventional device processes. We also explain the novel application devices such as flexible optoelectronics, flexible large-scale integration (LSI) devices, flexible energy harvesters, and flexible sensors using the recent-developed technologies beyond the previous thermal limit. This paper highlights the proper direction to complete future flexible inorganic electronics for high-performance self-powered systems.
关键词： High-temperature process,Self-powered device,Exfoliation,System-on-plastic,Laser technology,Flexible electronics
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Suppression of amplitude modulation induced by polarization mode dispersion using a multi-degree-of-freedom fiber filter
摘要： Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in ?bers for high-power lasers can induce signi?cant frequency modulation to amplitude modulation (FM-to-AM) conversion. However, existing techniques are not suf?ciently ?exible to achieve ef?cient compensation for such FM-to-AM conversion. By analyzing the nonuniform transmission spectrum caused by PMD, we found that the large-scale envelope of the transmission spectrum has more serious impacts on the amount of AM. In order to suppress the PMD-induced FM-to-AM conversion, we propose a novel tunable spectral ?lter with multiple degrees of freedom based on a half-wave plate, a nematic liquid crystal, and an axis-rotated polarization-maintaining ?ber. Peak wavelength, free spectral range (FSR), and modulation depth of the ?lter are decoupled and can be controlled independently, which is veri?ed through both simulations and experiments. The ?lter is utilized to compensate for the PMD-induced FM-to-AM conversion in the front end of a high-power laser facility. The results indicate that, for a pulse with phase-modulation frequency of 22.82 GHz, the FM-to-AM conversion could be reduced from 18% to 3.2% within a short time and maintained below 6.5% for 3 h. The proposed ?lter is also promising for other applications that require ?exible spectral control such as high-speed channel selection in optical communication networks.
关键词： laser facility,laser systems,optimization,high-power laser,laser facility and engineering,advanced laser technology and applications,?ber laser and applications,modeling,design
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Nonlinear Optics || Optically Induced Damage and Multiphoton Absorption
摘要： A topic of great practical importance is optically induced damage of optical components. Optical damage is important because it ultimately limits the maximum amount of power that can be transmitted through a particular optical material. Optical damage thus imposes a constraint on the efficiency of many nonlinear optical processes in that it limits the maximum field strength E that can be used to excite the nonlinear response. In this context, it is worth pointing out that present laser technology can produce laser beams of sufficient intensity to exceed the damage thresholds of all known materials.
关键词： multiphoton absorption,nonlinear optical processes,laser technology,optical damage,damage thresholds
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Topical problems of biophotonics
摘要： Biophotonics emerged at the interface of most innovative scientific disciplines of the last century, i.e. photonics and bio- and nanotechnology. This area of scientific research and development unites physicists, biologists, chemists, pharmacists and physicians of various specialisations; the latter are the so called ‘end users’. To emphasise the importance of the area and successful interaction of researchers in the field of biophotonics, note that the 2014 Nobel Prizes were awarded to Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano and Shuji Nakamura for ‘the efficient blue LEDs that enabled the use of bright and energy-efficient white light sources’, as well as to Eric Betzig, William M?rner, and Stefan Hell for fluorescence microscopy with super-resolution. In 2018, Arthur Ashkin received the award for optical tweezers and their use in biological systems, together with Gerard Mourou and Donna Strickland who received it for the generation of high-intensity ultrashort optical pulses. All these innovative developments are closely related to biophotonics, were in particular initiated by its requirements, and serve its further development.
关键词： biophotonics,laser technology,nanotechnology,photonics,optical imaging
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Huangshan, China (2019.8.5-2019.8.8)] 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - A New Method for Measuring Laser Noise Based on Non-equilibrium Fiber Optic Interference System
摘要： A new method is proposed to measure the intensity noise and phase noise of laser by using the natural drift of the fiber optic working point of the non-equilibrium interferometer.
关键词： Non-equilibrium fiber optic interferometer,Phase noise,Laser technology,Intensity noise
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Optical Electronics (An Introduction) || 4. Optical fiber lasers
摘要： Because of their numerous advantages and potential applications, fiber lasers have attracted considerable attention since they first appeared in the 1960s. However, the output power of the early device was small, which restricted its application to a great extent. In the 1990s, with the invention of the double-clad fiber, the output of fiber lasers was greatly improved, which was comparable to that of the bulk lasers. Moreover, the characteristics of fiber lasers such as compact structure, high efficiency, and high beam quality are far superior than that of the traditional rod lasers. Therefore, in recent years, fiber laser technology and its applications have developed rapidly, becoming a new hot spot in the laser field.
关键词： double-clad fiber,laser technology,output power,fiber lasers,beam quality
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Advances in Ultrafast Optics || 1. Ultrafast ultrahigh-intensity laser pulses
摘要： Generation of high intensity laser pulses has been regarded as one of the most important research topics since the invention of lasers. High intensity lasers are normally constructed using the master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) configuration to boost the energy of short laser pulses. This configuration has been used in various locations such as the Shenguang facilities in China and the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in the USA; the latter is currently the largest laser facility in the world. This type of giant laser facility is usually employed for high-cost and large-scale scientific projects involving complex technology and only a few countries can perform this type of laser research. Because of the low repetition rate and long pulse duration of the achieved laser pulses, these laser facilities are not suitable for large-scale applied research. Furthermore, the output laser intensity is limited. For example NIF, constructed in 2009, includes 192 ultraviolet (UV) beams with the total energy up to 1.8 megajoules (MJ, 106 J). However, the peak power is only approximately 500 terawatts (TW; 1012 W) [1] because the pulse duration is at the nanosecond (ns; 10?9 s) level; the separation time between two pulses is as long as a few hours. At the other end of the scale, several research institutes have developed tabletop laser systems within regular-scale labs through the amplification of ultrashort-pulse lasers at the femtosecond (fs; 10?15 s) level. These lasers have peak powers at the petawatt (PW; 1015 W) level [2–4], a repetition rate of 1 hertz (Hz) [5], and a focus intensity reaching 1022 W/cm2 [6]. As a result of the 1991 discovery of the Kerr-lens mode-locking (KLM) phenomenon by the Sibbett group in the UK [7], along with the development of chirped pulse amplification (CPA) technology by the US-based Mourou group in 1985 [8], and research on ultrashort pulses, ultrahigh-intensity lasers have been advancing at an unprecedented pace since the late 1980s. New scientific records associated with significant breakthroughs have been made on a continuous basis. Ultrashort-pulse laser research has developed in two explorative directions. One path of development targets extremely short pulse duration promoted by mode-locking technology. Currently, laser pulse duration can reach the few-cycle level; in addition, attosecond (as; 10?18 s) laser pulses can be achieved using new physical mechanisms [9–11]. The second research trend is the ongoing extension of the laser peak power limit. An increasing number of femtosecond ultrahigh-intensity laser facilities with peak powers at the terawatt or even petawatt level have been developed [2–5], serving as powerful tools for in-depth research on ultrafast, ultrahigh-intensity laser pulses. Ultrashort pulses and ultrahigh-intensity laser technology are not only extensively employed in the fields of micromanufacturing [12–14] and medicine [15, 16] but have also been successfully and prominently implemented in various research areas, such as the exploration of atomic and molecular motion patterns [17, 18], laboratory simulations in astrophysics [19], and precision spectroscopy [20]. These applications have facilitated the emergence of many new subfields and groundbreaking scientific achievements. One of the two most representative events was the award of the 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to the American researcher, Prof. A. H. Zewail. This prize was awarded for work on chemical kinetics using femtosecond laser pulses. The second representative achievement was the joint sharing of one half of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physics by Profs. J. L. Hall and T. W. H?nsch; this prize was awarded for their achievements regarding the femtosecond laser frequency comb technique. With state-of-the-art features and innovative applications, ultrashort pulses, ultrahigh-intensity lasers have become crucial tools in the field of optical physics. Therefore, this chapter will first briefly review the essential technology and associated progress in research.
关键词： ultrahigh-intensity lasers,femtosecond lasers,laser technology,Kerr-lens mode-locking,petawatt lasers,optical physics,chirped pulse amplification,ultrafast lasers
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Sustainability of Additive Manufacturing for the South African aerospace industry: A business model for laser technology production, commercialization and market prospects
摘要： Ever changing products, technology and competition make manufacturing a challenging task with respect to responding to market opportunities. A key technology exploited for revolutionary change in the phase of manufacturing competitiveness is the additive manufacturing techniques. Additive manufacturing (AM) is a category of technologies, which is fast shifting from mere resource base to a knowledge base, transitioning from prototyping to manufacturing of end usable parts with defined mechanical properties. In South African industrialization context, technology development for value proposition is an encouraged phenomenon. This is being realized through the South African government’s investment in research and equipment funding to science council and academia focusing on the full AM value chain for the aerospace and medical industries. However, despite the skills in the research and development space of AM, laser technology remain an unconventional process that lacks knowledge in terms of how the production techniques can be commercialized. The aim of this study is to evaluate technological capabilities that informs industrial manufacturing setup, and create a business prospects for the laser-based additive manufacturing segment of South Africa.
关键词： Additive manufacturing,Laser technology,Commercialization
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Corner states of light in photonic waveguides
摘要： The recently established paradigm of higher-order topological states of matter has shown that not only edge and surface states but also states localized to corners, can have robust and exotic properties. Here we report on the experimental realization of novel corner states made out of visible light in three-dimensional photonic structures inscribed in glass samples using femtosecond laser technology. By creating and analysing waveguide arrays, which form two-dimensional breathing kagome lattices in various sample geometries, we establish this as a platform for corner states exhibiting a remarkable degree of flexibility and control. In each sample geometry we measure eigenmodes that are localized at the corners in a finite frequency range, in complete analogy with a theoretical model of the breathing kagome. Here, measurements reveal that light can be ‘fractionalized,’ corresponding to simultaneous localization to each corner of a triangular sample, even in the presence of defects.
关键词： corner states,breathing kagome lattices,femtosecond laser technology,higher-order topological states,photonic waveguides
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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High power all-fiberized and narrow-bandwidth MOPA system by tandem pumping strategy for thermally induced mode instability suppression
摘要： An all-?berized and narrow-bandwidth master oscillator power ampli?cation (MOPA) system with record output power of 4 kW level and slope ef?ciency of 78% is demonstrated. Tandem pumping strategy is tentatively introduced into the narrow-bandwidth MOPA system for thermally induced mode instability (TMI) suppression. The stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effect is balanced by simply using one-stage phase modulation technique. With different phase modulation signals, SBS limited output powers of 336 W, 1.2 kW and 3.94 kW are respectively achieved with spectral bandwidths accounting for 90% power of ～0.025, 0.17 and ～0.89 nm. Compared with our previous 976 nm pumping system, TMI threshold is overall boosted to be >5 times in which tandem pumping increases the TMI threshold of >3 times. The beam quality (M 2 factor) of the output laser is well within 1.5 below the TMI threshold while it is ultimately saturated to be 1.86 with the in?uence of TMI at maximal output power. Except for SBS and TMI, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) effect will be another challenge for further power scaling. In such a high power MOPA system, multi-detrimental effects (SBS, SRS and TMI) will coexist and may be mutual-coupled, which could provide a well platform for further comprehensively investigating and optimizing the high power, narrow-bandwidth ?ber ampli?ers.
关键词： optimization,design,laser ampli?ers,narrow linewidth,high power laser,laser systems,modeling,advanced laser technology and applications,?ber laser and applications
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36