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Advanced Coating Materials || Effects of Laser Process Parameters on Overlapped Multipass/Multitrack Hardened Bead Parameters of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy Using Continuous-Wave Rectangular Beam
摘要： Commercially pure titanium and titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V are essentially utilized in aerospace industry for the airframes and the aircraft engine parts, such as gas turbine and turbo fan blades, respectively. Since titanium alloys Ti-6Al-4V are stronger than commercially pure titanium, they are employed in aerospace applications for their light weight, high strength (high specific strength), and heat resistance properties. In this research work, overlapped multitrack laser transformation hardening (OMLTH) of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy of Grade 5 of 2-mm thickness sheet has been carried out using 2-kW Nd:YAG laser source with a CW rectangular beam of size 1 × 14 mm2. The present research article intended to provide a profound understanding of the multipass laser hardening process of TI-6Al-4V titanium alloy, and to investigate the effect of rectangular laser beam process parameters, that is, the laser power, the scanning speed has been evaluated by means of experimental bead on trials. The overlapped multipass laser transformation hardening experiments were conducted using rectangular beam for the two selected process parameters: 1. low laser process parameter (LLPP), LP = 600 Watts, SS = 600 mm/min, and 2. high laser process parameter (HLPP), LP = 800 Watts, SS = 800 mm/min. The minimum hardened depth of 63.6364 microns was observed for low laser process parameter. The results indicate that the hardened depth increases with increase in power density. The maximum hardened depth of 278.7879 microns was achieved for high laser process parameter with high power density. It has been seen that the depth of hardening increases with increase in laser interaction time with the material.
关键词： Ti-6Al-4V,rectangular laser beam,laser transformation hardening,hardened depth,multitrack,Overlapped
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Advanced Coating Materials || Investigations on Laser Surface Modification of Commercially Pure Titanium Using Continuous-Wave Nd:YAG Laser
摘要： Laser transformation hardening, a type of laser heat treatment technique, has advantages over the traditional hardening techniques, which include high precision, automation control with the choices of optimum desired minimum hardened depth of 241 microns (0.241 mm) for low laser beam power: 750 Watts have been achieved in this research work. In the present study, the laser transformation hardening of commercially pure titanium sheet material of thickness being 1.6 mm is investigated using CW (continuous-wave) 1.6-kW solid-state Nd:YAG laser. Commercially pure titanium has widespread application in various fields of industries including the medical, nuclear, automobile, and aerospace. A full factorial design (FFD) with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is employed to establish, optimize, and investigate the relationships of three laser transformation hardening process parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, and focused position on laser hardened bead profile parameters such as hardened bead width, hardened depth, angle of entry of hardened bead profile, heat input, and power density. RSM is used to develop pseudo-closed-form models from the computational parametric studies. Effects of laser process parameters: laser power, scanning speed, and focal point position on laser hardened bead geometries such as hardened bead width, hardened depth, an angle of entry of hardened bead profile, heat input, and power density were carried out using RSM. Results indicate that the scanning speed and laser power have the significant effect as compared to the focal point position on the laser hardening process parameters. The scanning speed has a positive effect on all responses while the laser power has a positive effect particularly on hardened bead width and angle of entry of hardened bead profile as compared to hardened depth and heat input. The optimum laser hardening conditions are identified sequentially to minimize hardened depth, an angle of entry of hardened profile, heat input, power density, and maximum hardened bead width. The validation results demonstrate that the developed models are accurate with low percentages of errors observed.
关键词： bead geometry,full factorial design,response surface methodology,analysis of variance,Laser transformation hardening
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Surface transformation hardening of ductile cast iron by a 600w fiber laser
摘要： Laser transformation surface hardening of the forming edges of large mold made of nodular cast iron has gained momentum in recent years. In this investigation a 600w fiber laser was employed to harden GGG-60 cast iron. It is found that to achieve the optimum surface properties, the combination of laser power density and travel speed has to be set such that to dissolve the carbides but not that high to dissolve the graphite nodules. The response of a hardened track to a second thermal cycle by a neighboring laser track in terms of both tempering and re-hardening showed that by increasing the overlapping, a more uniform surface microstructure and hardness is obtained. In addition by employing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis the maximum “Hardening Ratio” by the fiber laser as the power source for GGG-60 cast iron was found to be 15.3 %.
关键词： Tempering,Laser Transformation Hardening,Hardening Ratio,Fiber Laser,Overlapping
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22