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Electric field assisted spray coated lead free bismuth iodide perovskite thin film for solar cell application
摘要： Solution-processed Methylammonium iodo bismuthate (MBI) perovskite solar cell is fabricated by spray technique with changed applied voltages from 0 to 1000 V during the deposition of MBI thin film. The morphology and surface roughness of MBI films are influenced significantly by the electric field during film deposition. It is attributed to improve the atomization of spray droplets due to process of coulomb fission. The surface roughness of MBI film is reduced from 39 to 19 nm with increased applied voltages during the deposition from 0 V and 1000 V, respectively. A strong absorption band is observed ～500 nm for all MBI films. The MBI perovskite solar cell is showed enhancement in the efficiency with the maximum current density 2.33 mA/cm2 at 1000 V applied voltage during the deposition. The improvement in photovoltaic characteristics with applied voltage during the film deposition is attributed to the formation of more uniform film with improved surface morphology and roughness, resulting in efficient electron transfer and reduced recombination of charge carrier at grain boundaries.
关键词： Methyl ammonium bismuth (III) iodide,Spray deposition,Perovskite solar cell,Electric filed,Lead free perovskite
更新于2025-11-21 11:18:25
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Uniform Cs2SnI6 Thin Films for Lead-Free and Stable Perovskite Optoelectronics via Hybrid Deposition Approaches
摘要： Herein, we synthesized uniform Cs2SnI6 films by two kinds of hybrid deposition methods by considering volume expansion involved during phase transformations. First, oblique thermal evaporation for CsI followed by SnI4 spin-coating resulted in uniform Cs2SnI6 films free of impurity phases. The rapid expansion (within 10 s of spin-coating) from CsI to Cs2SnI6 (ΔV = 106%) was accommodated by porous CsI films inhibiting crack formation. Excess SnI4 on the Cs2SnI6 after spin-coating was effectively removed by toluene washing without any damages to Cs2SnI6, and optimum deposition parameters were suggested in terms of carrier mobility. Second, annealing CsI with SnI4 vapor at 250 °C and post-annealing in the SnI4 and I2 vapor at 300 °C produced Cs2SnI6 film with complete coverage. The slow reaction (70 min for a complete conversion) provided sufficient time for complete diffusion of SnI4 into CsI without crack formation even with compact CsI. The nonradiative recombination path in Cs2SnI6 was suppressed by post-annealing in the SnI4- and I2-atmosphere, as confirmed from the enhanced photoluminescence.
关键词： Lead-free perovskite,Cs2SnI6,Electrical mobility,Oblique thermal deposition
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Tin halide perovskite films made of highly oriented 2D crystals enable more efficient and stable lead-free perovskite solar cells
摘要： Low toxicity and an ideal energy bandgap make 2D Ruddlesden-Popper tin-based halide perovskites a promising photovoltaic material. However, the disordered crystal orientation and the oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+ still need to be addressed. Here, we demonstrate that the annealing of FASnI3 assisted by phenyl ethyl ammonium chloride enables the formation of more ordered 2D tin-based perovskite crystals oriented vertically. We use in-situ synchrotron-based grazing incident X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) to correlate the higher crystal orientation to the better device performance. We measured a maximum power conversion efficiency of >9%. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the phenyl ethyl ammonium chloride acts as a barrier layer at the surface of the crystals protecting the tin from the oxidation. Hence, this work paves the way for more efficient and stable lead-free perovskite solar cells.
关键词： phenyl ethyl ammonium chloride,photovoltaic material,crystal orientation,lead-free perovskite solar cells,oxidation of Sn2+,2D Ruddlesden-Popper tin-based halide perovskites,power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Room Temperature Synthesis of Lead-Free Sn/Ge-Based Perovskite Quantum Dots
摘要： Metal halide perovskites have received remarkable attention as photovoltaic (PV) devices. These have already achieved power conversion efficiency higher than 23% rivaling that of silicon-based PV. However, these outstanding efficiencies can only be acquired with lead-based perovskites and the devices are chemically unstable in air and moisture. Therefore, the key to the widespread deployment of perovskite-based solar cell will come down to address their “toxicity” and instability problems. We have taken the challenge to replace lead with other nontoxic or less toxic elements, e.g., Sn, and Ge. We have synthesized Cs(Sn,Ge)X3 (X=I, Br, and Cl) quantum dots (QDs) using room temperature process. The XRD data showed that the synthesized QDs were yellow hexagonal phase, which was further confirmed by the hexagonal shape of the TEM images of the crystals.
关键词： solar cell,nanoparticle,photoluminescence,doping,Lead-free perovskite
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Nucleation-controlled growth of superior lead-free perovskite Cs3Bi2I9 single-crystals for high-performance X-ray detection
摘要： The organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites have emerged as a series of star materials for solar cells, lasers and detectors. However, the issues raised by the toxic lead element and marginal stability due to the volatile organic components have severely limited their potential applications. In this work, we develop a nucleation-controlled solution method to grow large size high-quality Cs3Bi2I9 perovskite single crystals (PSCs). Using the technique, we harvest some centimeter-sized single crystals and achieved high device performance. We ?nd that X-ray detectors based on PSCs exhibit high sensitivity of 1652.3 μC Gyair?1 cm?2 and very low detectable dose rate of 130 nGyair s?1, both desired in medical diagnostics. In addition, its outstanding thermal stability inspires us to develop a high temperature X-ray detector with stable response at up to 100 °C. Furthermore, PSCs exhibit high X-ray imaging capability thanks to its negligible signal drifting and extremely high stability.
关键词： nucleation-controlled growth,high sensitivity,X-ray detection,lead-free,perovskite single crystals
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Refractory plasmonics enabling 20% efficient lead-free perovskite solar cells
摘要： Core-shell refractory plasmonic nanoparticles are used as excellent nanoantennas to improve the efficiency of lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs). SiO2 is used as the shell coating due to its high refractive index and low extinction coefficient, enabling the control over the sunlight directivity. An optoelectronic model is developed using 3D finite element method (FEM) as implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics to calculate the optical and electrical parameters of plain and ZrN/SiO2-modified PSCs. For a fair comparison, ZrN-decorated PSCs are also simulated. While the decoration with ZrN nanoparticles boosts the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSC from 12.9% to 17%, the use of ZrN/SiO2 core/shell nanoparticles shows an unprecedented enhancement in the PCE to reach 20%. The enhancement in the PCE is discussed in details.
关键词： lead-free perovskite solar cells,refractory plasmonics,ZrN/SiO2 core/shell nanoparticles,power conversion efficiency,optoelectronic modeling
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Dependence of material properties and photovoltaic performance of triple cation tin perovskites on the iodide to bromide ratio
摘要： In this work, the influence of a partial introduction of bromide (x = 0–0.33) into MA0.75FA0.15PEA0.1Sn(BrxI1?x)3 (MA: methylammonium, FA: formamidinium, PEA: phenylethylammonium) triple cation tin perovskite on the material properties and photovoltaic performance is investigated and characterized. The introduction of bromide shifts the optical band gap of the perovskite films from 1.29 eV for the iodide-based perovskite to 1.50 eV for the perovskite with a bromide content of x = 0.33. X-ray diffraction measurements reveal that the size of the unit cell is also gradually reduced based on the incorporation of bromide. Regarding the photovoltaic performance of the perovskite films, it is shown that already small amounts of bromide (x = 0.08) in the perovskite system increase the open circuit voltage, short circuit current density and fill factor. The maximum power conversion efficiency of 4.63% was obtained with a bromide content of x = 0.25, which can be ascribed to the formation of homogeneous thin films in combination with higher values of the open circuit voltage. Upon introduction of a higher amount of bromide (x = 0.33), the perovskite absorber layers form pinholes, thus reducing the overall device performance.
关键词： Semiconductors,Solar cell,Material science,Lead-free perovskite
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Conjugated Organic Cations Enable Efficient Self-Healing FASnI3 Solar Cells
摘要： The introduction of large-volume amines (LVAs) in Sn-based perovskite films has been shown to lead to promising power conversion efficiency (PCE) in Pb-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the LVAs adopted so far (e.g., phenylethylammonium [PEA] and butylammonium [BA]) are insulating and could impede charge extraction within the perovskite film. Herein, a conjugated LVA, 3-phenyl-2-propen-1-amine (PPA), is introduced in formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI3) perovskite. Our results show that the incorporation of PPA results in enlarged grain sizes, reduced trap density, preferential orientation, efficient charge extraction, and enhanced structural stability of FASnI3 film. These positive effects help in achieving efficient PSCs with a PCE as high as 9.61% with negligible hysteresis and outstanding stability (remains 92% of its initial PCE value after 1,440 h). Furthermore, the presence of PPA enables a self-healing action of PSCs. Most importantly, we report large-area (1 × 1 cm2) Sn-based PSCs achieving PCE of 7.08%.
关键词： FASnI3 solar cells,Lead-free perovskite,Photovoltaic performance,Self-healing,Conjugated organic cations
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Numerical modeling of lead-free perovskite solar cell using inorganic charge transport materials
摘要： Ten years after their first mention in report on solar cell implementation, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites are still the focal point of photovoltaic research. Proper selection of material for different layers has enabled high power conversion efficiency (PCE) values that presently surpass 24%. Unfortunately, the metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSC) contain toxic lead, which is a serious concern for their commercialization process. To tackle lead toxicity issues in perovskite-based solar cells, intensive research by PSC research fraternity is ongoing to develop lead-free metal halide perovskite. In this paper, a novel solar cell configuration which consists of FTO/Transition Metal Di-Chalcogenides/Perovskite/Copper thiocyanate/Au is proposed. In this Transition Metal Di-Chalcogenides (Tungsten Disulfide) is used as an electron transport metal (ETM) due to its high electron mobility and Copper thiocyanate (CuSCN) is used as a hole transport metal (HTM) due to its high transparency and ideal band alignment with perovskite. Impact of variation in thickness of perovskite layer, electron transport layer and hole transport layer on performance parameters were examined. A PCE of 19.84% is achieved at the optimal perovskite layer thickness of 700 nm. When the thickness surpasses 700 nm, PCE drops due to an increase in the recombination of electron-hole pairs. Impact of interfacial defects on the performance parameter was also scrutinized. Simulation results reveal that the interfacial defect of ETM/Perovskite has a larger impact on performance parameters than that of Perovskite/HTM defect when light is irradiated from the ETM side. We also investigated the effect of temperature variation on device performance. The PSC showed optimum performance in the range of 20 °C to 50 °C and the ideal working temperature was viewed as 30 °C.
关键词： Transition metal di-chalcogenides,Power conversion efficiency,Stability,Lead-free perovskite,Copper thiocyanate
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Surface optimization by poly(α-methylstyrene) as additive in the antisolution to enhance lead-free Sn-based perovskite solar cells
摘要： Surface quality of the perovskite layer plays an important role in the determination of the device performance. This study presents an e?ective method to optimize the surface morphology for the lead-free formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI3) perovskite solar cells. Poly(α-methylstyrene) (PAMS) was applied as polymer additive into the diethyl ether at di?erent blend concentration. The addition of PAMS can apparently reduce the pinholes at the surface of the FASnI3 ?lm without ruining the interior crystallinity of the bulk FASnI3 layer. Therefore the non-radiative carrier traps can be e?ectively suppressed. The surface of the FAsnI3 ?lm becomes more hydrophobic which facilitates the consequent spin-coating of the acceptor material solution. The modi?cation of FASnI3 ?lm’s wettability is favorable of the photo-induced carriers’ extraction and transportation. As a result, the power conversion e?ciency of the PAMS-modi?ed devices is greatly improved.
关键词： Polymer additive,Antisolution,Lead-free,Perovskite,Solar cells,Poly(α-methylstyrene)
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22