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Prospective comparison of (4S)-4-(3-18F-fluoropropyl)-l-glutamate versus 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT for detecting metastases from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a proof-of-concept study
摘要： Purpose (4S)-4-(3-18F-Fluoropropyl)-L-glutamate (FSPG) positron emission tomography (PET) reflects system xC- (xCT) expression. FSPG PET has been used to detect brain, lung, breast and liver cancer with only modest success. There is no report on the use of FSPG PET in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), presumably because of normal xCT expression in the pancreas. Nonetheless, the tissue-specific expression of xCT in the pancreas suggests that FSPG PET may be ideal for identifying metastasized PDAC. Methods The performance of FSPG in detecting PDAC metastases was compared with that of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in small-animal PET studies in seven PDAC tumour-bearing mice and in prospective PET/computed tomography (CT) studies in 23 patients with tissue-confirmed PDAC of stage III or stage IV. All PET/CT results were correlated with the results of histopathology or contrast-enhanced CT (ceCT) performed 3 and 6 months later. Results In the rodent model, FSPG PET consistently found more PDAC metastases earlier than FDG PET. FSPG PET showed a trend for a higher sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy than FDG PET in detecting PDAC metastases in a patient-based analysis: 95.0%, 100.0% and 95.7%, and 90.0%, 66.7% and 90.0%, respectively. In a lesion-based analysis, FSPG PET identified significantly more PDAC metastases, especially in the liver, than FDG PET (109 vs. 95; P = 0.0001, 95% CI 4.9–14.6). The tumour-to-background ratios for FSPG and FDG uptake on positive scans were similar (FSPG 4.2 ± 4.3, FDG 3.6 ± 3.0; P = 0.44, 95% CI ?1.11 to 0.48), despite a lower tumour maximum standardized uptake value in FSPG-avid lesions (FSPG 4.2 + 2.3, FDG 7.7 + 5.7; P = 0.002, 95% CI 0.70–4.10). Because of the lower physiological activity of FSPG in the liver, FSPG PET images of the liver are more easy to interpret than FDG PET images, and therefore the use of FSPG improves the detection of liver metastasis. Conclusion FSPG PET is superior to FDG PET in detecting metastasized PDAC, especially in the liver.
关键词： FSPG,Pancreatic cancer,Positron emission tomography,Liver metastases,xC transporter system
更新于2025-11-21 11:24:58
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Enhanced In‐vivo Optical Imaging of the Inflammatory Response to Acute Liver Injury in C57Bl/6 Mice using a Highly Bright Near‐Infrared BODIPY Dye
摘要： Delving deeper is possible in whole body in vivo imaging using a super-bright membrane targeting BODIPY dye (BD). The dye was employed to monitor homing of ex vivo, fluorescently labelled neutrophils to an injured liver of dark pigmented C57BL/6 mice. In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS) data conclusively showed an enhanced signal intensity and a higher signal-to-noise ratio in mice receiving neutrophils labelled with the BD dye compared to those labelled with a gold standard dye at 2 hr post in vivo administration of fluorescently labelled cells. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) confirmed that BD was non-toxic, and an exceptional cell labelling dye that opens up precision deep organ in vivo imaging of inflammation in mice routinely used for biomedical research. The origin of enhanced performance is identified with the molecular structure, and the distinct localisation of the dye within cells that enable remarkable changes in its optical parameters.
关键词： In-vivo imaging,Cell Sorting,Bodipy,Liver,Fluorescence
更新于2025-11-19 16:46:39
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A Sensing Peak Identification Method for Fiber Extrinsic Fabry–Perot Interferometric Refractive Index Sensing
摘要： Chronic liver disease is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. The most common causes of liver disease include non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), chronic hepatitis C virus infection, alcoholic liver disease, and chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Through a discussion of various surveillance methods as well as their strengths and weaknesses, we review the epidemiology, risk factors, and natural history of each of these diseases and discuss prevention measures that have been effective in decreasing incidence rates.
关键词： Epidemiology,Hepatitis c,Liver diseases,Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,Prevalence,Incidence,Hepatitis b,Alcoholic
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Indocyanine green-based fluorescence imaging in visceral and hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery: State of the art and future directions
摘要： In recent years, the use of fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) to treat benign and malignant visceral, hepatobiliary and pancreatic neoplasms has significantly increased. FGS relies on the fluorescence signal emitted by injected substances (fluorophores) after being illuminated by ad hoc laser sources to help guide the surgical procedure and provide the surgeon with real-time visualization of the fluorescent structures of interest that would be otherwise invisible. This review surveys and discusses the most common and emerging clinical applications of indocyanine green (ICG)-based fluorescence in visceral, hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery. The analysis, findings, and discussion presented here rely on the authors’ significant experience with this technique in their medical institutions, an up-to-date review of the most relevant articles published on this topic between 2014 and 2018, and lengthy discussions with key opinion leaders in the field during recent conferences and congresses. For each application, the benefits and limitations of this technique, as well as applicable future directions, are described. The imaging of fluorescence emitted by ICG is a simple, fast, relatively inexpensive, and harmless tool with numerous different applications in surgery for both neoplasms and benign pathologies of the visceral and hepatobiliary systems. The ever-increasing availability of visual systems that can utilize this tool will transform some of these applications into the standard of care in the near future. Further studies are needed to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each application of ICG-based fluorescence imaging in abdominal surgery.
关键词： visceral perfusion,Peritoneal carcinomatosis,Pancreatic surgery,Indocyanine green,Liver surgery,Gastrointestinal surgery,Biliary surgery,Fluorescence imaging,Biliary anatomy
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Indocyanine green fluorescence image-guided total laparoscopic living donor right hepatectomy: The first case report from Mainland China
摘要： INTRODUCTION: Total laparoscopic living donor right hepatectomy (TLDRH) is sporadically reported worldwide. Liver transection margin used to be determined by ischemic demarcation or intraoperative ultrasonography. To identify the site of bile duct division relied on preoperative MRCP and intraoperative cholangiography, which is experience demanding. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 34-year-old man volunteered for living donation to his brother who suffered decompensated HBV-related cirrhosis. Right lobe donation without MHV fulfilled the volumetric criteria. After hilum dissection, ICG was injected into the right portal branch. Right lobe was transected tracing the real-time fluorescence-enhanced borderline and the course of MHV. The right bile duct was transected above the bifurcation that was fluorescently visualized within the parenchyma. The liver graft was retrieved from a pre-made suprapubic incision after simple vascular clamping. The warm ischemia time was 6 min. The recipient procedure was successful with back-table graft venoplasty using cryopreserved iliac artery allografts. The donor recovered uneventfully and was discharged from hospital on POD 7. DISCUSSION: The operative time, blood loss and postoperative course of donor is comparable to those undergoing ordinary laparoscopic right hepatectomy in our institute. ICG fluorescence can real-timely visualize the surgical margin and biliary branches of right lobe, which helps preserve every last bit of functional liver volume for the donor and avoid the complicated traditional intraoperative cholangiography. CONCLUSION: TLDRH proves to be achievable in surgical teams confortable with both laparoscopic hepatectomy and LDLT. ICG fluorescence navigation could make the procedure simplified, safer and more accurate. More practice and technical modification are necessary.
关键词： Fluorescence,Laparoscopy,Indocyanine green,Right hepatectomy,Living donor liver transplantation
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Optimizing the SERS Performance of 3D Substrates through Tunable 3D Plasmonic Coupling toward Label-free Liver Cancer Cell Classification
摘要： Three-dimensional (3D) plasmonic nanostructures are emerging as excellent surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates for chemical and biomedical applications. However, the correlation of the 3D (including both of the in-plane and out-of-plane) plasmonic coupling with the SERS properties to deepen the understanding of 3D SERS substrates remains a challenge. Here, we perform correlated studies of 3D plasmonic coupling and SERS properties of the 3D hierarchical SERS substrates by tuning the multiscale structural elements. The effect of 0D (the size of building blocks), 1D (the thickness of the 3D substrates) and 2D (the composition of individual monolayers) structural elements on 3D plasmonic coupling are studied by measuring the UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy and SERS performance. It shows that both of the extinction spectra and SERS enhancement are tuned at the 3D structural level. It is demonstrated that the plasmonic resonance wavelength (PRW) stemmed from the 3D plasmonic coupling is correlated with the SERS averaged surface enhancement factor (ASEF), and which is improved by over 10-fold at the optimum 3D nanostructure. The optimized substrate is used to quantitatively analyze two small biological molecules. Moreover, as a proof-of-concept study, the substrate is first applied to differentiate between living liver normal and cancer cells with a high prediction accuracy through the spectral features of the cell membranes and the metabolites secreted outside the cells. We expect that the tuning of plasmonic coupling at 3D level can open up new routes to design high performance SERS substrates for wide applications.
关键词： liver cells,3D substrates,3D plasmonic tuning,SERS,structural parameters
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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A fiducial-less tracking method for radiation therapy of liver tumors by diaphragm disparity analysis part 2: validation study by using clinical data
摘要： Objective Motion management must be considered in treating liver tumors. One effective approach is real-time tumor tracking, which can be performed by the CyberKnife? Robotic Radiosurgery System through the Synchrony? Respiratory Tracking System. It uses a combination of kV images, LED markers, an infrared camera, and surgically implanted fiducial markers to track tumors under the influence of respiration. However, the use of fiducial markers through an invasive procedure can lead to complications. In our previous simulation study, we were able to demonstrate the feasibility of our proposed fiducial-less tracking technique using a digital phantom under regular respiratory motion. The aim of this study is to further validate this innovative method by using a digital phantom data under the irregular respiratory cycles as well as clinical data from patients under the Cyberknife environment. Methods As performed in our previous simulation study, abdominal 4DCT datasets of one breathing cycle, from the digital phantom and from four patients, were previously generated or acquired. Associated with the breathing cycles in the 4DCT datasets, one set of DRR images (+ 45° or ? 45°) was produced for each breathing phase. On each DRR, an outline of the lung-diaphragm border was detected using an edge detection algorithm. The tracked target volume’s gravity center was identified for each phase of the breathing cycle by a MATLAB program, serving as the ground truth for the validation. Using artificial neural networks (ANN), four models for the phantom and six models for the patient data, correlating the diaphragm’s location with the corresponding 3D location of the tracked target volume, were compared. Assessment was performed by using the root-mean-squared error (RMSE) values through the leave-one-out (LOO) validation criterion. Results The averaged RMSE for the phantom data was 1.05 ± 1.14 mm. When using the patient data from the + 45° projection, the averaged RMSE was 2.13 ± 1.79 mm, while from the ? 45° projection, the averaged RMSE was 2.26 ± 2.40 mm. Using the proposed method in both phantom validation and patient data validation, the RMSE is closely related to the 4DCT reconstruction error and to the distance from the lung-diaphragm border to the tracked tumor. Conclusion We proposed and investigated the fiducial-less tracking method to follow tumor motion in the real-time under the influence of respiration. The study shows the feasibility of accurately predicting the tumor’s position with the use of lung-diaphragm border’s information through available kV images without gold fiducial markers. This developed diaphragm disparity-analysis-based approach, verified with clinically accepted errors, has the potential to replace fiducial markers in clinical applications.
关键词： Liver tumor,Real-time tracking,4D XCAT phantom,Diaphragm,Image-guided radiation therapy,4DCT
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Differential response of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatocytes to oleic and palmitic acid revealed by Raman and CARS imaging
摘要： Excess circulating fatty acids contribute to endothelial dysfunction that subsequently aggravates the metabolic conditions such as fatty liver diseases. However, the exact mechanism of this event is not fully understood, and the investigation on the effect of a direct exposure to fatty acids together with their subsequent fate is of interest. In this work we employed a chemically specific and label-free techniques such as Raman and CARS microscopies, to investigate the process of lipid droplets (LDs) formation in endothelial cells and hepatocytes after exposure to oleic and palmitic acid. We aimed to observe the changes in the composition of LDs associated with metabolism and degradation of lipids. We were able to characterize the diversity in the formation of LDs in endothelium as compared to hepatocytes, as well as the differences in the formation of LDs and degradation manner with respect to the used fatty acid. Thus, for the first time the spectral characteristics of LDs formed in endothelial cells after incubation with oleic and palmitic acid is presented, including the time-dependent changes in their chemical composition.
关键词： Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells,Oleic acid,CARS microscopy,Hepatocytes,Palmitic acid,Raman imaging
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Can Realistic Liver Tissue Surrogates Accurately Quantify the Impact of Reduced-kV Imaging on Attenuation and Contrast of Parenchyma and Lesions?
摘要： To assess if a liquid tissue surrogate for the liver (LTSL) can emulate contrast-enhanced liver parenchyma and lesions and quantify the impact of reduced-kV imaging as a function of lesion contrast, phase of enhancement, and phantom size.
关键词： Liquid tissue surrogate,Computed tomography,Lesion,Tube potential,Liver
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Zinc oxide nanoparticles attenuate hepatic steatosis development in high-fat-diet fed mice through activated AMPK signaling axis
摘要： Insulin resistance is thought to be a common link between obesity and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). NAFLD has now reached epidemic status worldwide and identification of molecules or pathways as newer therapeutic strategies either to prevent or overcome insulin resistance seems critical. Dysregulated hepatic lipogenesis (DNL) is a hallmark of NAFLD in humans and rodents. Therefore, reducing DNL accretion may be critical in the development of therapeutics of NAFLD. In our in vivo model (high-fat-diet fed [HFD] obese mice) we found Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) significantly decreased HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and peripheral insulin resistance. This protective mechanism of ZnO NPs was signalled through hepatic SIRT1-LKB1-AMPK which restricted SREBP-1c within the cytosol limiting its transcriptional ability and thereby ameliorating HFD mediated DNL. These observations indicate that ZnO NP can serve as a therapeutic strategy to improve the physiological homeostasis during obesity and its associated metabolic abnormalities.
关键词： LKB1,Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease,AMPK,SIRT1,SREBP1c,ZnO NP
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36