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2D Ti2C (MXene) as a novel highly efficient and selective agent for photothermal therapy
摘要： Photothermal therapy (PTT) has shown significant potential for anti-cancer modality. In this report, according to our best knowledge, we explore for the first time Ti2C-based MXene as a novel, highly efficient and selective agent for photothermal therapy (PTT). Ti2C superficially modified with PEG was obtained from the layered, commercially available Ti2AlC MAX phase in the process of etching aluminum layers using concentrated HF, and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HREM) as well as X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA-XPS). The PEG-coated Ti2C flakes showed a satisfactory photothermal conversion efficacy (PTCE) and good biocompatibility in wide range of the tested concentrations. Through in vitro studies, the PEG-modified Ti2C demonstrated notable NIR-induced ability to cancerous cells’ ablation with minimal impact on non-malignant cells up to the concentration of 37.5 μg ml-1. The applied doses of Ti2C_PEG in our work were even 24 times lower comparing other MXene-based photothermal agents. This work is expected to expand the utility of 2D MXenes to biomedical applications through the development of an entirely novel agents for photothermal therapy.
关键词： photothermal therapy,biological activity,light-to-heat conversion,2D Ti2C MXenes,anticancer therapy
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Hydration of Ti3C2Tx MXene: an interstratification process with major implications on physical properties
摘要： The MXenes, among which Ti3C2Tx is the most studied, are a large family of 2D materials with proven potential in a variety of application fields (e.g., energy storage and conversion, water purification, electromagnetic interference shielding, humidity sensor, etc). For most of these applications, MXenes properties depend, at least partly, on their water sorption ability and on the induced structural swelling, which is commonly considered a stepwise process, like in clay-like materials. In the present study, we rather evidence the systematic coexistence of different hydrates in MXene interstratified crystals. Hydration heterogeneity and related structure disorder are described from the quantitative analysis of X-ray diffraction data. This specific methodological approach allows disentangling the complex interstratification and rationalizing the prediction of MXene electrical properties. The widespread use of this approach paves the way for a systematic and thorough determination of MXene structure, including order-disorder, and thus for grasping the influence of structural disorder (hydration heterogeneity) on a large number of MXene physical properties (e. g. optical transparency, capacitance). Deciphering this complex structural disorder is also essential in the design of new MXene-based materials for a variety of applications (supercapacitors, batteries, water treatment…).
关键词： MXenes,Ti3C2Tx,electrical properties,X-ray diffraction,hydration,interstratification
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Configurable Multi-State Non-volatile Memory Behaviors in Ti <sub/>3</sub> C <sub/>2</sub> Nanosheets
摘要： MXenes have drawn considerable attention in both academia and industry due to the attracting properties such as the combination of metallic conductivity and surface hydrophilicity. However, to the best of our knowledge, the potential use of MXenes in non-volatile resistive random access memories (RRAMs) has rarely been reported. In this paper, we have firstly demonstrated the RRAM device with the MXene (Ti3C2) as the active component. The Ti3C2-based RRAM exhibits a typical bipolar switching behavior, long retention characteristic, low SET voltage, good mechanical stability and excellent reliability. By adjusting different compliance current in the SET process, the multi-state information storage could be achieved. The charge trapping assist hopping process is considered to be the main mechanism of resistive switching of this fabricated Ti3C2-based RRAM, which is verified by conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). Moreover, the flexible Ti3C2-based RRAM with good mechanical stability and long retention property could be successfully fabricated using on plastic substrate. Ti3C2-based RRAM may open the door to additional applications and functionalities with the highly potential application in flexible electronics.
关键词： MXenes,non-volatile memory,flexible electronics,resistive random access memory,Ti3C2,multi-state storage
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Low temperature solution synthesis of reduced two dimensional Ti <sub/>3</sub> C <sub/>2</sub> MXenes with paramagnetic behaviour
摘要： MXenes – two dimensional, 2D, early transition metal, M, carbides and nitrides, X – are the latest addition to the 2D materials’ world. Herein, we report on a facile low temperature solution chemical synthesis method to reduce Ti3C2Tx multilayered, ML, MXenes. Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron spin resonance, magnetization measurements and other techniques, we concluded that immersing Ti3C2Tx MLs in the reducing agent Li-ethylenediamine (Li-EDA) – held at temperatures varying from room to 120 °C – reduces the 2D layers creating Ti3+ ions and oxygen vacancies. Above a temperature (T ) of ≈10 K, the magnetic susceptibilities, χ, are temperature independent, implying that the resulting powders are Pauli paramagnetic. The loss of the magnetic signal upon intercalation of Li+ or EDA, together with a Curie-like increase in χ at T < 10 K, is consistent with that of a disordered metal that is close to a metallic to insulator transition and proves that the magnetism is associated with the 2D ?akes. This result is the ?rst evidence of any magnetism of any MXene.
关键词： Li-ethylenediamine,MXenes,Ti3C2Tx,paramagnetism,reduction
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Electromagnetic simulation of MXene-based plasmonic metamaterials with enhanced optical absorption
摘要： In this contribution we propose, design and numerically analyze a plasmonic metamaterial for enhanced optical absorption, based on 100 nm thick titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene sheets. The analyzed metamaterial is built as a sandwich with a solid MXene bottom (ground) layer, a lossless dielectric middle layer and an MXene mesh top layer. The unit cell of the periodic top mesh consists of two crossed ultrathin MXene strips, each of them spreading its width in step-like increments towards the middle of the unit cell. This ensures position-variable width of the top surface apertures, resulting in a widening of the bandwidth of spectral dispersion of the scattering parameters of the obtained metamaterial. We utilize the finite element method to simulate the scattering parameters of the MXene-based metamaterial. We apply Drude–Lorentz model to derive our analytical expression for complex permittivity of Ti3C2Tx MXene based on experimental measurements. The described approach is general, since various alternative plasmonic materials can be utilized, including different MXenes, but other materials as well, such as graphene, metals and metal alloys, semiconductors, etc. The approach is applicable to various other nanoplasmonic structures. In this manner the available toolbox for plasmonics is extended and a new degree of design freedom ensured.
关键词： MXenes,Superabsorbers,Nanoplasmonics,Electromagnetic simulation,Metamaterials
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 31st International Conference on Microelectronics (MIEL) - Nis, Serbia (2019.9.16-2019.9.18)] 2019 IEEE 31st International Conference on Microelectronics (MIEL) - Reviewing MXenes for Plasmonic Applications: Beyond Graphene
摘要： MXenes are an emerging class of two-dimensional (2D) materials consisting of carbides, nitrides or carbonitrides of early transition metals. Due to the metallic type of conductivity of MXenes and their 2D structure, they are an ideal candidate to replace the conductive materials currently used in plasmonics, especially graphene. However, the use of MXenes for plasmonics and metamaterials is in its embryonal stage and practically all relevant publications appeared in the last few years. In this contribution we first consider some methods of MXenes fabrication. We continue by analyzing the optical and electronic properties of MXenes of interest for plasmonics (especially spectral dispersion of complex relative dielectric permittivity). We proceed by reviewing some reported applications of MXenes in plasmonics, including among others conventionally designed chemical and biological sensors based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR), metasurface-based optical absorbers and MXene-based nanoantennas, as well as some possible applications in nonlinear optics. In addition to that, we propose some novel uses of MXenes in plasmonics, including chemical and biological nanosensors, superabsorbers with a variable widths of the nanoholes, etc. It is our opinion that the applications of MXenes in plasmonics introduced until now are only scratching the surface of a vast bulk of potential practical devices, structures and effects.
关键词： absorbers,sensors,dielectric permittivity,MXenes,plasmonics,2D materials
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Alternative electrodes for HTMs and noble-metal-free perovskite solar cells: 2D MXenes electrodes
摘要： The high cost of hole transporting materials (HTMs) and noble metal electrodes limits the application of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Carbon materials have been commonly utilized for HTMs and noble-metal-free PSCs. In this paper, a more conductive 2D MXene material (Ti3C2), showing a similar energy level to carbon materials, has been used as a back electrode in HTMs and noble-metal-free PSCs for the ?rst time. Seamless interfacial contact between the perovskite layer and Ti3C2 material was obtained using a simple hot-pressing method. After the adjustment of key parameters, the PSCs based on the Ti3C2 electrode show more stability and higher power conversion e?ciencies (PCE) (13.83%, 27% higher than that (10.87%) of the PSCs based on carbon electrodes) due to the higher conductivity and seamless interfacial contact of the MXene electrode. Our work proposes a promising future application for MXene and also a good electrode candidate for HTM and the noble-metal-free PSCs.
关键词： noble-metal-free electrodes,hole transporting materials,perovskite solar cells,2D MXenes,Ti3C2
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Density Functional Theory Analysis of Electronic and Optical Properties of Two-Dimensional Tantalum Carbides Ta <sub/><i>n</i> +1 </sub> C <i> <sub/>n</sub></i> ( <i>n</i> ?=?1, 2, 3)
摘要： Using first principles methods based on the density functional theory, the electronic structure and optical properties of Ta-containing MXenes (Tant1Cn, n ? 1, 2, 3) are theoretically studied. The results show that the monolayer thickness has a significant effect on the optical properties of Tant1Cn. In the infrared region (<1.6 eV), the thickest Ta4C3 monolayer with seven atomic layers has highest values of absorption coefficients, reflectivity and refraction index. In the visible region, Ta4C3 exhibits different optical characteristics as compared to Ta2C and Ta3C2 due to the different structure configuration and electron interaction. Moreover, a high transmittance over 50% is demonstrated for both Ta2C and Ta3C2, while Ta4C3 monolayer exhibits selectively transmitting feature with a low transmittance of 35% at 1.65 eV and a high transmittance of 84% at 2.25 eV, making Ta4C3 monolayer highly responsive when exposed to visible light and favorable for optical detection.
关键词： tantalum carbides,first-principles calculations,MXenes,optical properties
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46