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Three Dimensional Structures of NiO Nanoporous/ZnO Nanoarray Film for Enhanced Electrochromic Performance
摘要： An electrochromic device using the as-obtained NiO nanoporous/ZnO nanoarray working electrode was constructed and assembled. NiO nanoporous/ZnO nanoarray three dimensional structures was prepared on ITO glass substrate by a two-step route which combined chemical bath deposition method with hydrothermal method. NiO nanoporous/ZnO nanoarray electrode reveals noticeable improvement of electrochromism compared to unitary NiO nanoporous, including larger optical modulation (81%), higher coloration efficiency (78.5 cm2/C), faster response times (2.6 s and 9.7 s for coloring and bleaching), and favourable durability performance. Such enhancement is mainly attributed to the three dimensional structures of NiO nanoporous coated on ZnO nanoarray. Namely, (1) uniform hexagonal ZnO nanoarray loaded more amount of NiO nanoporous, (2) NiO nanoporous cross-linked with ZnO nanorods provided a loose interspace morphology, (3) stronger adhesion between ZnO nanorods and ITO rested with ZnO seed, (4) core-shell and cross-linked structures promoted electrolyte infiltration, and (5) appropriate bandgap improved the charges transfer.
关键词： NiO nanoporous,ZnO nanorod array,electrochromic,three dimensional
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Construction of Ag@AgCl decorated TiO2 nanorod array film with optimized photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic performance
摘要： A novel Ag@AgCl/TNR film photocatalyst was successfully obtained by a facile multistep route. Using a well-organized TiO2 nanorod array (TNR) film as the starting material, Ag nanoparticles were uniformly deposited on the TNR film via a photochemical reduction, and in situ oxidation of Ag by FeCl3 solution resulted in the formation of Ag@AgCl/TNR film. The structure, morphology, composition, optical, photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical properties of the obtained films were investigated in detail. The results showed that core-shell Ag@AgCl can effectively promote the transfer of photo-generated electron-hole pairs, suppress their recombination, and enhance the visible light absorption. The Ag@AgCl/TNR film with 60 min oxidation time (S60) showed the highest photocurrent and best transfer performance of interfacial electrons in the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) Nyquist plots. For the photodegradation of methyl orange (MO), the S60 exhibited the highest photocatalytic efficiency (90.8%) and good stability under visible light irradiation, which can be comparable and even better than the previous reports. A detailed photocatalytic mechanism was proposed on the basis of the fact that Ag nanoparticles with surface plasma resonance (SPR) can be excited by visible light and this unique structure effectively transfers photo-generated electrons from Ag to TiO2 conduction band, accomplished by the transfer of compensative electrons from a donor (Cl-) to Ag nanoparticles.
关键词： Nanorod array,Photocatalytic activity,Photocurrent,TiO2,Ag@AgCl
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Hierarchical rutile/anatase TiO2 nanorod/nanoflower thin film: Synthesis and characterizations
摘要： Hierarchical TiO2 nanorod/nano?ower thin ?lm was synthesized on ?uorine doped tin oxide glass via hydrothermal and aqueous chemistry methods. According to ?eld emission scanning electron microscopy results, the thin ?lm was crack-free and uniform. Primary nanorods had an average diameter of 95 nm and a length of 2 μm. They were perpendicular to the substrate owing to the TiO2 prenucleation. Growth of the nano?owers on the nanorods could increase both the speci?c surface area and roughness. X-ray di?raction and Raman spectroscopy showed that the nanorods were rutile; while the nano?owers were anatase. E?cient electron transfer from anatase to rutile could therefore occur. According to the di?use transmittance spectroscopy examination, the light harvesting rate was ameliorated and the band gap energy reduced to 2.83 eV. This was attributed to the F-doping the sample during synthesis. The enhancement of the photoelectrochemical activity allowed substitution of the TiO2 nanorod/nano?ower thin ?lm for the traditional TiO2 nanorods usually used in solar cells, sensors, and photocatalytic systems.
关键词： Aqueous chemistry,Nanorod array,Rutile/anatase TiO2,Hydrothermal,Nano?ower
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Coupling between plasmonic nanohole array and nanorod arrays: the emerging of a new extraordinary optical transmission mode and epsilon-near-zero property
摘要： The compound Ag nanohole structures with an Ag nanorod in the middle of an Ag nanohole are investigated by finite-difference-time-domain calculations. The structure shows strong polarization-dependent optical properties. A new extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) mode is observed when the polarization direction is aligned with the long axis of the nanorods, and its resonance wavelength red-shifts exponentially with the nanorod length. Around this resonance wavelength, the real part of the effective permittivity also becomes zero, demonstrating the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) property. The new EOT mode is found to be the result of the enhanced local radiation of the nanorods as well as the electromagnetic coupling to the nanoholes to produce the enhanced transmission. The tunable resonance wavelength, EOT, strong near-field enhancement, and ENZ properties make the structure ideal for many potential applications, such as ultrathin optical filter, polarizers, surface-enhanced spectroscopies, etc.
关键词： tunable transmission,epsilon-near-zero,nanohole array,extraordinary optical transmission,nanorod array
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Tunable Plasmonic Resonances in TiN Nanorod Arrays
摘要： In this work, titanium nitride (TiN) nanorod arrays were fabricated using glancing angle deposition in a magnetron sputtering system. The deposition parameters, including the bias on the substrate and the flow rate of nitrogen, were varied to deposit various TiN nanorod arrays. Before glancing angle deposition was conducted, uniform TiN films were deposited and their permittivity spectra, for various deposition parameters, were obtained. The effect of the deposition parameters on the morphology of the nanorods is analyzed here. The polarization-dependent extinctance spectra of TiN nanorod arrays were measured and compared. Extinction, which corresponds to the longitudinal mode of localized surface plasmon resonance, can be significantly changed by tuning the N2 flow rate and substrate bias voltage during deposition.
关键词： glancing angle deposition,plasmonic mode,permittivity,titanium nitride,nanorod array
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Influence of Surface Modifier Molecular Structures on the Photovoltaic Performance of Sb <sub/>2</sub> S <sub/>3</sub> Sensitized TiO <sub/>2</sub> Nanorod Array Solar Cells
摘要： In this paper, Sb2S3 sensitized TiO2 nanorod arrays are prepared by the pyrolysis of 1.2 M antimony-thiourea complex solution in DMF at 270 ℃ for 10 min. Various surface modifiers with different functional groups and carbon numbers of C10H21PO3H2, C12H25SO3Na, C3H7COOH, C5H11COOH, C7H15COOH, C11H23COOH, C13H27COOH, C15H31COOH and C17H35COOH are applied to modify Sb2S3 sensitized TiO2 nanorod arrays. The corresponding solar cells are fabricated, and their photovoltaic performances are evaluated. To the different functional group surface modifiers, the improvement of functional group on photovoltaic performance is the order of -COOH > -PO3H2 > -SO3Na. To the different carbon number (4-18) surface modifiers, RCOOH with carbon number range of 8-12 exhibit better photovoltaic performance. Moreover, the Sb2S3 sensitized TiO2 nanorod array solar cells with C11H23COOH achieve the best photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.37 % with the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.53 V, short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 16.98 mA?cm-2, fill factor (FF) of 60.66 % and the average PCE of 5.11±0.21 % with the Voc of 0.52±0.01 V, Jsc of 16.65±0.24 mA?cm-2, FF of 58.93±1.21 %. The PCE of 5.37 % corresponding to the use of spiro-OMeTAD as the hole transporting material is a relatively high PCE for Sb2S3 solar cells.
关键词： spiro-OMeTAD,Sb2S3 sensitized TiO2 nanorod array,solar cell,surface modifier
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Niobium doped TiO2 nanorod arrays as efficient electron transport materials in photovoltaic
摘要： One-dimensional (1-D) rutile TiO2 nanorod arrays (NRAs) synthesized by a hydrothermal method suffer from low electrical conductivity and large amounts of surface defects, hindering their further applications. Nb doping is thus introduced to modify their electronic properties. Results indicate that light Nb doping reduces rod nanosizes, increases electron concentrations, decreases surface defective oxides and lowers conduction band of the TiO2 NRAs, while heavy doping induces transformations of morphologies and crystalline orientations as well as occurrences of compositional deviations and low oxidative states of Ti3t. After 0.1 mol% and 1 mol% Nb incorporations, device efficiencies are substantially improved by ~16% and ~33% for the model perovskite and dye-sensitized solar cells, respectively, which are ascribed to reduced recombination at the perovskite/TiO2 interfaces (e.g. charge lifetime increasing from 62 μs to 107 μs) and improved electron transport through the photoanode of TiO2 NRAs (e.g. electron diffusion length increasing from ~14 μm to ~50 μm). Our study verifies that Nb doped 1-D TiO2 NRAs are versatile electron transporting materials in different kinds of emerging solar cells, and are also potential for other fields including photocatalysis, sensors and batteries etc.
关键词： TiO2 nanorod array,Dye-sensitized solar cell,Niobium doping,Charge transport,Perovskite solar cell,Recombination
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Performance improvement of inverted perovskite solar cells using TiO2 nanorod array and mesoporous structure
摘要： In view of the low carrier mobility of organic materials, the carrier collection ability was suffered from the short transport length before carriers were recombined. To improve performances by enhancing carrier collection ability, the optimal period was 1.5 μm which was obtained by changing the period of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorod array in the inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs). The power conversion efficiency was improved to 11.96% from the 7.66% of the standard planar IPSCs. Besides, due to the inherent properties of high absorption surface area and high light scattering ability, the 150-nm-thick TiO2 mesoporous layer was embedded in the TiO2 electron transport layer. By changing the annealing temperature, the optimal crystallinity of anatase phase and the optimal porous distribution were obtained in the TiO2 mesoporous layers annealed at 500 °C for 30 min. Using the optimal annealed TiO2 mesoporous layers in the IPSCs, the power conversion efficiency was improved to 12.73%. The power conversion efficiency of 14.47% was obtained for the IPSCs embedded with the optimal 1.5-μm-periodic TiO2 nanorod array and the optimal 500 °C-annealed TiO2 mesoporous layer in the electron transport layer, simultaneously.
关键词： Nanorod array,Laser interference lithography system,Titanium dioxide material,Mesoporous layer,Inverted perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Photovoltaic performance improvement via designing nanorod parameter in composite-structure solar cells
摘要： In this work, the optical characteristics of electrodeposited Cu2O films was studied, and the depth of photogenerated carriers in Cu2O films was obtained. In order to improve the collection depth of the photogenerated carrier in ZnO/Cu2O solar cells, ZnO nanorod array were employed to construct composite-structure solar cells. The influence of the ZnO nanorod arrays on short-circuit current and open circuit voltage was systematically analyzed in the nanorod cells. For optimizing device performance, ordered ZnO nanorod arrays that incorporated design spacing that matched the carrier diffusion length of the absorption layer were used. Analyses of the photovoltaic properties revealed that ordered nanorod arrays with a proper spacing could improve carrier generation efficiency in high-efficient collection regions of the carriers. These observations indicate that nanorod spacing is an important variable in the construction of high-efficient nanorod-based solar cells.
关键词： Radial heterojunction,Carrier collection length,Optical absorption depth,Ordered ZnO nanorod array
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Facile Synthesis of ZnO Nanorods/GO Composite and Its Optical Performance
摘要： The ZnO nanorods/GO composite was fabricated by facilely covering monolayer or few-layer graphene oxide (GO) film on the uniformly distributed ZnO nanorods, which was synthesized on Si substrate using a solution method. The as-synthesized products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD). The photoluminescence (PL) measurement indicates that the ZnO nanorods have a strong ultraviolet (UV) emission centered at ～391 nm attributed to the recombination of free excitons and a defect-related visible emission centered at ～530 nm. After the nanorods were covered with GO film, the PL intensity of the composite is quenched compared to that of the bare one at the same excitation condition. The fluorescence quenching mechanism suggests that there is an interfacial charge-transfer process between the excited ZnO and the GO film, and the composite fabricated in this experiment be possible to improve the photocatalysis performance.
关键词： Photocatalyst,Nanorod Array,Zinc Oxide,Graphene Oxide,Fluorescence Quenching
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14