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Relationship between the Lamina Cribrosa, Outer Retina, and Choroidal Thickness as Assessed Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
摘要： To evaluate the characteristics and relationship between peripapillary choroidal thickness (pCT), lamina cribrosa thickness (LCT), and peripapillary outer retinal layer thickness (pORT) as determined using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) enhanced depth imaging (EDI).
关键词： Outer retinal thickness,Lamina cribrosa thickness,Optical coherence tomography,Choroidal thickness,Glaucoma
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Multifocal electroretinogram in diabetic macular edema; Correlation with visual acuity and optical coherence tomography
摘要： Purpose: To evaluate multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) changes in eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) and investigate any possible correlation with optical coherence tomography (OCT) features and visual acuity (VA). Methods: Twenty?nine right eyes of 29 subjects with DME due to non?proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 30 eyes of 30 normal subjects were evaluated. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmic examination. Sixty?one scaled hexagon mfERG responses were recorded. Components of the first order kernel of N1, N2, and P1 in five concentric rings centered on the fovea, were measured in both groups. Correlation and regression analyses were performed among VA, central macular thickness (CMT) based on OCT, mfERG amplitude, and latency of the N1, N2 and P1 waves. Results: Significant differences were observed in all mfERG parameters in five?ring regions of the retina between eyes with DME versus controls (P < 0.05). There were significant correlations among VA with N2 (P = 0,001, b = 0.73) and P1 amplitudes (P = 0.001, b = ?0.84) in the central macular area, and there was a borderline association between VA and CMT (P = 0.042, b = 0.392). Conclusion: Amplitudes of mfERG components (N1, P1, and N2) are significantly reduced and their latencies are delayed in eyes with DME indicating functional impairment in the outer retina. The mfERG total amplitude was significantly correlated with VA even more than CMT, therefore the combined use of OCT and mfERG for macular evaluation may better evaluate visual status in DME patients.
关键词： Diabetes Mellitus,Multi?focal Electroretinography,Diabetic Macular Edema,Optical Coherence Tomography,Visual Acuity
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Simultaneous Investigation of Vascular and Retinal Pigment Epithelial Pathologies of Exudative Macular Diseases by Multifunctional Optical Coherence Tomography
摘要： To investigate exudative macular disease, multifunctional optical coherence tomography (MF-OCT) using a 1-lm probe band was developed. The clinical utility of MF-OCT was examined in a descriptive case series. METHODS. Ten eyes of nine subjects with exudative macular disease, including one eye with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), one eye with idiopathic neovascular maculopathy, and eight eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), were investigated. Areas of 6 3 6 mm2 around the pathologic region were scanned with 512 3 1024 depth scans in 6.6 seconds. Structural OCT, Doppler optical coherence angiography (OCA), and cumulative phase retardation images were obtained with a single measurement. Each MF-OCT image visualized the structure, vasculature, and birefringence. Degree of polarization uniformity values were also obtained for selective visualization of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The MF-OCT images were compared with conventional ophthalmic images. RESULTS. Abnormal vasculatures were observed with Doppler OCA in all eyes, which presented high similarity to indocyanine green angiography in the midphase. The RPE and exudation in the pathologic regions were discriminated in one eye with AMD and ?ve of eight eyes with PCV. Cumulative phase retardation visualized ?brosis scars in two of the PCV cases. CONCLUSIONS. Multifunctional OCT revealed depth-resolved abnormal vasculatures, the integrity of the RPE and choroid, discrimination of the RPE and exudation, and existence of ?brosis scars in exudative macular diseases. Interpretation of MF-OCT examination is well matched with conventional ophthalmic examination. These results suggest that MF-OCT can be used as a noninvasive ophthalmic examination tool prior to conventional examinations in clinical routines.
关键词： polarization-sensitive OCT,OCT angiography,optical coherence tomography,retinal pigment epithelium,exudative macular disease
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Incidence of late-acquired stent malapposition of drug eluting stents with second generation permanent and biodegradable polymer coatings-A prospective, randomized comparison using optical coherence tomography
摘要： Objectives and Background: Polymer coatings of drug-eluting stents (DES) may induce allergic reactions and inflammation, resulting in late-acquired stent malapposition (LASM) with the risk of stent thrombosis. This study evaluated, if biodegradable polymer (BP) reduces the incidence of LASM compared to permanent polymer (PP) after treatment with newer generation DES. Methods and Results: Fifty patients with 59 lesions were randomized (2:1) to elective treatment with second generation PP-DES (n = 32, 39 stents), either Everolimus-eluting or Zotarolimus-eluting stents, or with BP-DES (Biolimus-eluting stents [BES]; n = 18, 20 stents) and underwent optical coherence tomography directly after implantation and after 1 year. After implantation acute stent malappositions (ASM) were documented in 30 stents (51%) distributed to 22 stents treated with PP-DES (56%) and 8 with BP-DES (40%; n.s.). After 1 year, late stent malappositions (LSM) were detected in 14 stents (24 %); ASM persisted (APSM) in 9 stents after one year (7 PP-DES—18%, 2 BES—10%), whereas ASM resolved in 21 stents. In addition, LASM was documented in nine stents including five stents without and four stents with additional APSM. All LASM were located in PP-DES (n = 9; 23%), none in BP-DES (P = 0.022). Compared to the reference lumen area, in-stent lumen area of stents without LASM was smaller due to neointimal hyperplasia (P = 0.021), whereas in-stent lumen area at maximum LASM of stents with LASM was larger due to positive remodeling (P = 0.002). Conclusions: In conclusion the use of BP-DES reduced the occurrence of LASM due to positive remodeling compared to second generation PP-DES.
关键词： malapposition,permanent polymer,drug eluting stents,optical coherence tomography,biodegradable polymer
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Ultrahigh Resolution Mouse Optical Coherence Tomography to Aid Intraocular Injection in Retinal Gene Therapy Research
摘要： HR-SD-OCT is utilized to monitor the progression of photoreceptor degeneration in live mouse models, assess the delivery of therapeutic agents into the subretinal space, and to evaluate toxicity and efficacy in vivo. HR-SD-OCT uses near infrared light (800-880 nm) and has optics specifically designed for the unique optics of the mouse eye with sub-2-micron axial resolution. Transgenic mouse models of outer retinal (photoreceptor) degeneration and controls were imaged to assess the disease progression. Pulled glass microneedles were used to deliver sub retinal injections of adeno-associated virus (AAV) or nanoparticles (NP) via a trans-scleral and trans-choroidal approach. Careful positioning of the needle into the subretinal space was required prior to a calibrated pressure injection, which delivers fluid into the sub retinal space. Real time subretinal surgery was conducted on our retinal imaging system (RIS). HR-SD-OCT demonstrated progressive uniform retinal degeneration due to expression of a toxic mutant human mutant rhodopsin (P347S) (RHOP347S) transgene in mice. HR-SD-OCT allows rigorous quantification of all the retinal layers. Outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness and photoreceptor outer segment length (OSL) measurements correlate with photoreceptor vitality, degeneration, or rescue. The RIS delivery system allows real-time visualization of subretinal injections in neonatal (~P10-14) or adult mice, and HR-SD-OCT immediately determines success of delivery and maps areal extent. HR-SD-OCT is a powerful tool that can evaluate the success of subretinal surgery in mice, in addition to measuring vitality of photoreceptors in vivo. HR-SD-OCT can also be used to identify uniform animal cohorts to evaluate the extent of retinal degeneration, toxicity, and therapeutic rescue in preclinical gene therapy research studies.
关键词： Optical Coherence Tomography,Retinal Degeneration,Imaging,Real-time,Retina,Microscope,Intraocular Injection,Preclinical,In Vivo,Photoreceptors,Greenough Stereo Microscopy,Sub-retinal
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Influence of Axial Length on Thickness Measurements Using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
摘要： The purpose of this study was to assess the in?uence of axial length on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) thickness measurements in patients with subretinal visual implants. Data from eight emmetropic pseudophakic eyes of eight patients with subretinal visual implants were analyzed retrospectively. These patients participated in the monocentric part of a multicenter trial. The axial length was measured in three short (<22.5 mm), three medium (22.51–25.50 mm), and two long (>25.52 mm) eyes. Using Heidelberg Spectralis, the known thickness of a subretinal implant microchip (70 lm) was measured on 15 images per eye with SD-OCT, using the software calipers. The mean axial length was 20.8 6 0.8 mm in short eyes, 23.3 6 0.4 mm in medium eyes, and 26.3 6 0.5 mm in long eyes. We found in short eyes, in medium eyes, and in long eyes a mean value of microchip thickness measurements from SD-OCT of 82.9 6 1.4 lm, 70.5 6 1.3 lm, and 64.2 6 1.3 lm, respectively. The thickness measurements decreased in SD-OCT measurements with longer axial lengths signi?cantly (P < 0.0001). Axial length in?uences SD-OCT thickness measurements. Our ?ndings demonstrate accuracy of the scaling in SD-OCT thickness measurements in emmetropic medium eyes. Caution is recommended when comparing the measured values of short and long eyes with the normative database of the instrument. There is a need for larger sample-size studies to con?rm our results.
关键词： subretinal visual implant,spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT),axial length,Heidelberg Spectralis,in vivo measurement
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Optical coherence tomography parameters predictive of visual outcome after anti-VEGF therapy for retinal vein occlusion
摘要： Purpose: To determine the optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters that are predictive of visual outcome after anti-VEGF therapy for a retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Methods: Fifty-seven eyes with macular edema (ME) secondary to a central or branch RVO treated with bevacizumab or ranibizumab were studied. Spectral-domain OCT and microperimetry were performed before, 1, 3, and 6 months after the treatment and at the final visit. Central retinal thickness (CRT), macular volume (MV), integrity of the external limiting membrane (ELM), ellipsoid zone (EZ), and foveal bulge (FB), and photoreceptor outer segment (PROS) length were determined. Results: The mean follow-up period was 17.8±11.5 months. In 46 of the 57 eyes, a resolution of the ME was achieved. The pretreatment CRT and MV, presence of intact ELM, EZ, and FB, and PROS length at the time of ME resolution were significantly correlated with the best-corrected visual acuity and retinal sensitivity at the final visit (P0.050). Multiple regression analyses showed that the pretreatment MV had the highest correlation with the posttreatment best-corrected visual acuity and retinal sensitivity (P0.050). Conclusion: The CRT, MV, ELM, EZ, FB, and PROS length are predictive factors for the visual outcome after anti-VEGF therapy for RVO.
关键词： spectral-domain optical coherence tomography,visual acuity,retinal sensitivity,anti-VEGF therapy,retinal vein occlusion
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography in Different Clinical Subtypes of Multiple Sclerosis
摘要： Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with axonal degeneration as major determinant of neurological disability. Assessment of unmyelinated retinal nerve fibers using optical coherence tomography (OCT) may be useful for diagnosing the onset and rate of progression of neurodegeneration. Objective: To assess the incidence and severity of damage of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in two different MS subtypes: non-progressive [Prog(-)MS] and progressive [Prog(+)MS]. Methods 48 patients (96 eyes) with MS were included: 13 males, 35 females; aged 22-62 years (mean 38.8; SD ±10.02) in two subgroups: 26 Prog(-)MS and 22 Prog(+)MS. 3 subtypes of Prog(+)MS were identified by neurologist, according to Lublin criteria: 3 patients had PPMS (14%), 7 had SPMS(32%), 12 had PRMS(54%). RRMS subtype was considered a non-progressive phenotype, designated as Prog(-)MS. All 22 patients with progressive MS phenotypes were included in one group, designated as Prog(+)MS. Progressive disease can be defined over 1 year. The expanded EDSS score was determined by the treating MS specialist and confirmed by the study investigators through the records review. Definition included a 3-strata progression magnitude in the absence of a relapse, confirmed after 3 months within the leading Functional System and required an Expanded Disability Status Scale step ≥ 4 and pyramidal score ≥ 2. 11 Prog(-)MS (16 eyes) and 10 Prog(+)MS (13 eyes) patients had a history of optic neuritis (ON). EDSS score was 1.5-6.5 (mean 3.83±1.62) in the Prog(+)MS group and 1.0-3.5 (mean 1.40±0.57) in the Prog(-)MS. Control group: 31 healthy volunteers (3 males, 28 females), aged 20-62 years (mean 37.4 ±10.88). Peripapillary RNFL thickness was measured around the optic nerve head (ONH) using spectral-domain OCT (Topcon OCT 1000 MarkII, FastMap v. 3.40, Topcon, Japan). Scans were obtained according to OSCAR-IB consensus criteria. The generalized estimating equation model (GEE) was used in the statistical analysis to assess differences in RNFL thickness between Prog(-)MS and Prog(+)MS patients, taking into consideration history of ON, EDSS score, immunomodulatory therapy, MS progression, MS duration, age and gender. The protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland and informed consent was obtained from all subjects. Results There was a significant difference between Prog(-)MS and Prog(+)MS groups for mean, nasal and superior quadrant of RNFL thickness. For individuals with a history of ON, significant differences were found between the two MS phenotypes regardless of RNFL thickness measurements. Conclusions A significant correlation was established between RNFL thickness and progression of neurodegeneration in MS patients with no regard to history of ON. RNFL thickness may be considered a MS biomarker and potential diagnostic tool for assessment of disease progression.
关键词： multiple sclerosis,spectral-domain optical coherence tomography,peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Changes in Retinal Layer Thickness in the?Contralateral Eye of Patients with Unilateral Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
摘要： To evaluate the thickness of the outer retinal layers and its relationship with visual function in fellow eyes of participants with unilateral neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Design: Longitudinal study. Participants: We enrolled 105 subjects with unilateral neovascular AMD from 3 clinical centers in Europe. Methods: The fellow eye, without advanced AMD, was selected for the study. Subjects were followed up with visits occurring every 6 months for 2 years. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography volume scans were collected at 3 clinical sites, in Belfast, Northern Ireland; Coimbra, Portugal; and Milan, Italy. Detailed manual segmentation of outer retinal layers was performed using the custom-designed and validated grading software 3D OCTOR. Thickness measurements for neurosensory retina, photoreceptor layer (PRL) outer segments, retinal pigment epithelium plus drusen (RPEtdrusen) complex, and choroidal layers from each sector of the standard macular grid were obtained. Measures of vison were distance visual acuity, near visual acuity, Smith-Kettlewell Institute low-luminance acuity score, and reading speed. Subjects were grouped based on the presence or absence of subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDDs) for further analysis. Main Outcome Measures: Change in thickness of retinal layers and change in measures of vision. Results: In all, 85 eyes were included in the analysis. The average duration of follow-up was 20.5 (cid:2) 5.8 months. By the ?nal visit, the RPEtdrusen complex was signi?cantly thinner when compared with baseline (29.7 mm vs. 34.09 mm; P ? 0.03). Low-luminance de?cit was signi?cantly worse at the ?nal visit (P < 0.001) and correlated with PRL outer segment thickness (r ? 0.33; P ?0.02). The RPEtdrusen complex was signi?cantly thicker in eyes with SDDs compared with that in those without SDDs (30.67 mm vs. 28.64 mm; P ? 0.02). PRL outer segments became signi?cantly thinner over time in eyes with SDDs compared with those in eyes without SDDs. Conclusions: The RPEtdrusen complex layer becomes thinner over time in fellow eyes of subjects with unilateral neovascular AMD. The rate of PRL outer segment thinning was higher in eyes with SDDs than in eyes without SDDs. These ?ndings are preliminary steps in the identi?cation of early biomarkers for detecting and monitoring the progression of AMD. Ophthalmology Retina 2018;-:1e10 a 2018 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Ophthalmology
关键词： spectral domain optical coherence tomography,visual function,retinal layer thickness,subretinal drusenoid deposits,age-related macular degeneration
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Efficacy of navigated focal laser photocoagulation in diabetic macular edema planned with en face optical coherence tomography versus fluorescein angiography
摘要： Aim To analyze the efficacy of navigated focal laser photocoagulation (FLP) of microaneurysms in diabetic macular edema (DME) planned using en face optical coherence tomography (OCT) as against fluorescein angiography (FA). Methods Twenty-six eyes of 21 DME patients (12 males, 9 females, 69.5 ± 12.3 years) with mean BCVA of 0.52 ± 0.44 LogMAR were included. En face OCT images of deep capillary plexus slab and FA images were used to plan FLP targeting of leaky microaneurysms. The primary outcome measures were central retinal thickness (CRT) and macular volume. The secondary outcome measure was best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Results The difference in the change of CRT and macular volume between en face OCT and FA-planned FLP after 1 month and at the end of follow-up was not statistically significant (p > 0.05), except for a higher CRT reduction in the en face OCT-planning group (p = 0.007) at the end of mean follow-up of 2.6 ± 0.9 months. There was no difference in BCVA change between the two planning options (p = 0.42). Conclusion En face OCT is a non-inferior alternative for FA in the planning of navigated FLP of microaneurysms in DME.
关键词： Navigated laser,Optical coherence tomography,Diabetic macular edema,Focal laser photocoagulation,Optical coherence tomography angiography,Fluorescein angiography,Microaneurysms
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57