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- 2019
- 151 GHz transmitter/receiver
- PAM-4 modulation
- contactless communication
- plastic-embedded PCB
- digital pre-distortion
- plastic waveguide
- Electronic Science and Technology
- University of California, Los Angeles
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company
- U.S. Naval Research Laboratory
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On the Complexity Reduction of the 2nd-order Volterra Nonlinear Equalizer for IM/DD systems
摘要： To cope with the various nonlinear signal distortions in IM/DD transmission systems, a theoretical analysis on the Volterra nonlinear equalizer (VNLE) is provided, focusing on computational complexity aspects. The analysis yields a simple reduced-complexity scheme for the 2nd-order VNLE (R2-VNLE) based on a performance-complexity trade-off. An experimental verification is performed with single-sideband 28-GBaud PAM-4 electro-absorption modulated signals, generated by a distributed-feedback laser, over transmission distances of up to 80-km of standard single-mode fiber in the C-band. A comparison of the results for different equalization schemes, including a signal-signal beat interference mitigation technique, shows superior performance for the R2-VNLE.
关键词： PAM-4,Volterra filter,direct detection,Nonlinear equalization,optical interconnects,intensity modulation
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Decoding of 10-G Optics-Based 50-Gb/s PAM-4 Signal Using Simplified MLSE
摘要： A simpli?ed maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) based on Viterbi algorithm has been proposed. Experimental results show that compared with the conventional MLSE, the proposed algorithm saves the multiplication by 25% with no sensitivity penalty when the memory length of MLSE is 2 both in the 25 Gb/s nonreturn to zero and 50 Gb/s four-level pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM-4) transmission systems. In order to further reduce the number of multiplications in the 50 Gb/s PAM-4 transmission system, we use 75 taps of feed-forward equalization to equalize the received PAM-4 signal into duo-binary PAM-4 (DB-PAM-4) signal and then use MLSE with the memory length of 1 to decode, which improves the sensitivity performance by 1.8 dB and reduces the computing complexity by ～98% compared with conventional MLSE (L = 4) method. As a result, a 10-km C-band transmission of 50 Gb/s PAM-4 signal is achieved using optical transceivers with a combined 3-dB bandwidth of ～8 GHz, and only 107 multiplications are required by using our proposed simpli?ed algorithm for equalization.
关键词： feed-forward equalization (FFE),four-level pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM-4),Viterbi algorithm,Maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 PhotonIcs & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Spring (PIERS-Spring) - Rome, Italy (2019.6.17-2019.6.20)] 2019 PhotonIcs & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Spring (PIERS-Spring) - Evaluation of the Impact of MZM Frequency Response on BER Performance of PAM-4 Modulated WDM-PON
摘要： Continuous growth of data tra?c in optical access networks is driving the increase of utilized data rates even up to 25 Gbit/s per wavelength. While due to utilization of signals with large electrical bandwidth, requirements on the bandwidth of electrical and electro-optical components increase signi?cantly. Addressing that, the feasibility of application of the minimal transmitter and receiver bandwidth has received considerable attention. In this research, via numerical simulation in VPI Photonics Design Suite software we evaluate the impact of the shape of MZM frequency response based on amplitude frequency response (S21) from commercial MZM speci?cation. Moreover, addressing the requirements on numerical simulation models that ensure simulation of MZM frequency response curve for prediction of the overall system performance, we have also evaluated several analytical frequency responses (corresponding to the responses of 1 and 4-pole, Bessel and Gaussian ?lters) with di?erent 3-dB bandwidth values. Based on the obtained results, we propose the approach for the simulation of MZM frequency response that is the most relevant for our utilized PAM-4 modulated WDM-PON system with 25 Gbit/s bitrate per channel.
关键词： MZM frequency response,PAM-4 modulated WDM-PON,numerical simulation,VPI Photonics Design Suite,BER performance
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Low complexity soft-decision Viterbi algorithm (SOVA) for IM/DD 56 Gbps PAM-4 system
摘要： In this paper, a soft-decision Viterbi algorithm (SOVA) combined with low-density parity check (LDPC) is investigated to achieve high chromatic dispersion tolerance and alleviate the high OSNR requirement in pulse amplitude modulation 4-level (PAM-4) systems. To reduce complexity increase over a maximum likelihood sequence equalizer (MLSE), we propose a non-binary SOVA algorithm combining the conventional SOVA and the hard decision Viterbi algorithm (VA). To achieve low complexity, only one competing path in a state and time index is used to update reliability. After the updating process, reliabilities that remain to be un-updated are set to a fixed value according to the hard decided VA output. Also, the proposed algorithm generates reliability scalars instead of a reliability vector. The proposed algorithm was verified experimentally in a 56 Gbps PAM-4 system with the transmission distance of 20 km. The results demonstrates that the proposed algorithm has OSNR gain of 0.3 dB over conventional SOVA with lower complexity at the BER of 10-6.
关键词： IM/DD,MLSE,optical fiber communication,LDPC,PAM-4
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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[IEEE 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Huangshan, China (2019.8.5-2019.8.8)] 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Dynamic Neural Network Enabled 50 Gb/s PAM-4 IM/DD Transmissions Based on 10G-Class Optical Devices
摘要： A dynamic neural network based equalization scheme is experimentally demonstrated for 50 Gb/s PAM-4 signal transmissions based on 10G-class optical devices. More than 2.5 dB power penalty improvement is achieved compare to the MLSE.
关键词： 50 Gb/s PAM-4,Dynamic neural network,10G-class optical devices
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP) - Ottawa, ON, Canada (2019.10.7-2019.10.10)] 2019 International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP) - Mode-Division Multiplexed PAM-4 Signal Transmission in a Silicon Photonic Chip
摘要： Emerging 5G mobile networks and cloud computing applications are driving the demand for an ever-increasing capacity for short-reach optical communications. To meet this demand, mode-division multiplexing (MDM) is being employed to scale up the bandwidth capacity by leveraging the spatial modes of an optical waveguide for transmitting multiple optical signals. On the other hand, the use of PAM-4 can also increase the transmission bandwidth since PAM-4 offers four amplitude levels in a symbol and thus its bit rate is twice as high as OOK at a same baud rate. Therefore, on-chip MDM with PAM-4 is an approach to enhance the transmission capacity in a photonic integrated circuit. In this paper, we report a photonic integrated four-channel MDM circuit that is implemented on a silicon platform with a small size and low channel crosstalk. By using the MDM circuit, a 80 Gbit/s mode-division multiplexed PAM-4 signal transmission is experimentally demonstrated. The advantage of the approach is that high data capacity on-chip communications is enabled by the photonic integrated MDM circuit with a small footprint. The MDM circuit can be employed in a radio over fiber (RoF) system to increase the data transmission capacity of the RoF link.
关键词： PAM-4,silicon photonics,mode-division multiplexing
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium - IMS 2019 - Boston, MA, USA (2019.6.2-2019.6.7)] 2019 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS) - 30Gb/s 60.2mW 151GHz CMOS Transmitter/Receiver with Digitally Pre-Distorted Current Mode PAM-4 Modulator for Plastic waveguide and Contactless Communications
摘要： 151 GHz CMOS transmitter and receiver are presented for ultra-short distance (~1 mm) contactless connection and plastic waveguide communications. To continue to scale the communication bandwidth, the 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) is utilized by implementing a current-mode PAM-4 modulator in the transmitter. The transmitter and receiver suffer non-linear characteristics and create amplitude distortions on PAM-4 signaling. A digital pre-distortion circuit is integrated in the PAM-4 modulator to correct such system non-idealities. 151 GHz antennas are realized on FR4HR substrate and used as air-to-air/chip-to-waveguide couplers. On top of contactless connection and plastic ribbon waveguide, plastic-embedded PCB channels are introduced by exploiting copper-coated slots on PCB and plastic ribbons to communicate through PCB substrates. The transmitter and receiver are fabricated in 28-nm CMOS process. The demonstrated system consumes 60.2 mW under 1.2 V supply while transferring 30 Gb/s of PAM-4 data, achieving 2.01 pJ/bit energy efficiency.
关键词： 151 GHz transmitter/receiver,PAM-4 modulation,contactless communication,plastic-embedded PCB,digital pre-distortion,plastic waveguide
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Artificial Neural Network Equalizers for PAM-4 using DML-on-Silicon
摘要： Nonlinear equalizers (NLEs) based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) are studied for short-reach 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) transmissions utilizing directly-modulated membrane lasers fabricated on silicon substrates (DMLs-on-Si). Using 28-GBaud signals over 2-km of single-mode fiber (SMF), we compare two ANN-NLEs with a previously developed reduced-complexity Volterra-NLE (VNLE).
关键词： Optical Transmission,DML-on-Silicon,Nonlinear Equalizers,PAM-4,Artificial Neural Network
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04