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[IEEE 2018 Fourth International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronics, Information, Communication and Bio-Informatics (AEEICB) - Chennai (2018.2.27-2018.2.28)] 2018 Fourth International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronics, Information, Communication and Bio-Informatics (AEEICB) - PV Modules Based Grid Connected System Using Matlab Simulation
摘要： The Photovoltaic (PV) system can supply electric energy to the load by direct conversion of solar energy through photovoltaic (PV) effect. The process in which solar energy is converted into electrical energy is known as photovoltaic effect. It is depend on the different circumstance by different equations of current and voltage based on mathematical modeling. It gives current and voltage of PV module by different no. of cells and variation in irradiation and temperature. The PV cell output voltage boosts-up by the boost converter and the AC grid by DC/AC converter (inverter) control the power. This module can be further connected to the utility grid connected system for commercial and industrial application. It is provides precise modeling of P-V characteristics of solar system.
关键词： Solar Cell,Power Inverter,Photovoltaic systems,photovoltaic system,Solar Array,Solar Energy,modeling
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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A Bioinspired, Highly Transparent Surface with Dry-Style Antifogging, Antifrosting, Antifouling, and Moisture Self-Cleaning Properties
摘要： Transparent coatings with antireflection, antifogging, antifrosting, antifouling, and moisture self-cleaning properties can dramatically improve the efficiency and convenience of optical elements and thus are highly desirable for practical applications. Here, it is demonstrated that a bionic nanocone surface (BNS) fabricated by a facile, low-cost process consisting of template-assisted prepolymer curing followed by surface modification can possess the multiple functions listed above. The polymer coating firmly adheres to a glass substrate due to bonding agents. After SiO2 nanoparticle deposition and low-surface-energy fluorosilane modification, the coating shows low microdroplet adhesion. As a result, the as-prepared BNS exhibits a high transmittance when exposed to fog and good clarity even when the temperature decreases to ?20 °C in a humid environment. Dipping the BNS into exemplified graphite powder has almost no influence on the transparency, and the BNS can realize self-cleaning of moisture when the surface is covered with a thick layer of man-made contaminants.
关键词： dry-style antifogging,bionic nanocone array,antifouling,moisture self-cleaning,antifrosting
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Valencia, Spain (2018.7.22-2018.7.27)] IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - High Dynamic Range Infrared Sensors for Remote Sensing Applications
摘要： In this presentation, we will report our recent efforts in achieving high performance in Antimonides type-II superlattice (T2SL) based infrared photodetectors using the barrier infrared detector (BIRD) architecture. The recent emergence of barrier infrared detectors such as the nBn [1] and the XBn [2] have resulted in mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR) detectors with substantially higher operating temperatures than previously available in III-V semiconductor based MWIR and LWIR detectors. The initial nBn devices used either InAs absorber grown on InAs substrate, or lattice-matched InAsSb alloy grown on GaSb substrate, with cutoff wavelengths of ~3.2 μm and ~4 μm, respectively. While these detectors could operate at much higher temperatures than existing MWIR detectors based on InSb, their spectral responses do not cover the full (3 – 5.5 μm) MWIR atmospheric transmission window. There also have been nBn detectors based on the InAs/GaSb T2SL absorber [3,4].
关键词： infrared detector,focal plane array,type-II superlattice,high dynamic range,high quantum efficiency
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Design of freely suspended photonic crystal microfiber cavity sensors array in a general single mode fiber
摘要： We propose a novel design of refractive index (RI) sensor array based on ultrahigh sensitivity one dimensional (1D) photonic crystal microfiber (PCMF) cavities, which is referred as photonic crystal microfiber cavity sensors array (PCMF-CSA). The proposed PCMF-CSA consists of multiple channels connected in parallel. A transmission only containing the fundamental mode (FM) resonance of the PCMF cavity sensor for sensing purpose is created by connecting an additional PCMF bandgap filter to a PCMF cavity sensor in series on each channel. Due to the photonic bandgap (PBG) of the PCMF bandgap filter, the other high-order resonances are filtered out. With proper engineering of the PBG, multiple ultrahigh sensitivity PCMF cavity sensors can be integrated into microarrays without resonance overlap, and be detected simultaneously between a single input optical fiber and a single output optical fiber without the need for complicated coupling systems. The concept was demonstrated with 7-channel PCMF cavity sensor array containing PCMF bandgap filters. By using three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) method, the performance of the device was investigated theoretically. The simulation results showed that the sensors on each channels can be monitored simultaneously from a single output spectrum. The numerical calculated RI sensitivities (S) for each sensing channel of the proposal 7-channel PCMF-CSA as high as 647.33 nm/RIU, 666.67 nm/RIU, 662.00 nm/RIU, 676.00 nm/RIU, 674.67 nm/RIU, 659.33 nm/RIU, 679.99 nm/RIU can be achieved, respectively. The average RI sensitivity as high as 666.57 nm/RIU can be obtained. Moreover, the extinction ratios of all resonant peaks exceed 20.0 dB. The crosstalk of all channels is lower than ?24.5 dB. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first silica PCMF sensors array geometry based on conventional single mode fiber (SMF) that features both high Q and S, and thus is potentially a promising platform for ultra-sensitive RI-based gas sensing with high parallel-multiplexing capability.
关键词： Ultrahigh sensitivity,Photonic crystal,Multiplexing,Microfiber cavity,Sensors array,3D-FDTD
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Fabrication of Gold Nanorods for SERS Detection of Thiabendazole in Apple
摘要： Thiabendazole (TBZ) is a kind of pesticide that is widely used in agriculture, and its residue may pose a threat to human health. In order to measure TBZ residues in food samples, a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method combined with a homogeneous and reusable gold nanorods (GNR) array substrate was proposed. GNR with a high uniformity was synthesized and then applied to the self-assembly of a GNR vertically aligned array. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the array for SERS could reach 15.4%, and the array could be reused for more than seven times through the treatment of plasma etching. A logarithmic correlation between TBZ concentration and Raman intensity was obtained, with the best determination coefficient (R2) and the corresponding limit of detection (LOD) of 0.991 and 0.037 mg/L in methanol solution, and 0.980 and 0.06 ppm in apple samples, respectively. The recoveries of TBZ in apple samples ranged from 76% to 107%. This study provided a rapid and sensitive approach for detecting TBZ in apples based on SERS coupled with GNR array substrate, showing great potential for analyzing other trace contaminants in food.
关键词： Apple,Gold nanorods array,Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy,Thiabendazole
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Physical, photochemical, and extended piezoelectric studies of orthorhombic ZnSnN2 nanocolumn arrays
摘要： This study reports the piezo-related properties of ZnSnN2 (ZTN) fabricated through natural Sn3N4 and Zn thickness gradients deposited oppositely on a fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate to form Zn–Sn3N4 composition spreads to enhance the relative variation of the cation ratios and to promote the formation of orthorhombic ZTN. No moving shutter was incorporated into combinatorial magnetron sputtering to minimize fabrication complexity. The Sn3N4-rich deposition (Location 1) of the Zn–Sn3N4 composition spread exhibited Sn3N4 and the single crystallinity of orthorhombic (Pna21) ZTN nanocolumn arrays, which grew along the [0 0 1] direction, confirmed by locked-coupled X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The constituent element diffusion and variation of the atomic binding state of constituent elements along the substrate normal were tracked by depth profiling using secondary ion mass spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The band gap of ZTN (approximately 2.0 eV) was estimated from a UV–vis spectrum. The piezotronic and piezophototronic effects of ZTN were determined through a facile current–voltage measurement, which were explained by the Schottky barrier height variations. Piezophotocatalysis exhibited the highest rate constant (k, approximately 9 × 10?3/min) of the measurements, which was attributed to the reduced recombination of the photogenerated e?–h+ pairs because of the piezopotential distribution. Additionally, O2? radicals were predominantly indicated in the degradation process.
关键词： Piezotronic effect,Orthorhombic ZnSnN2 nanocolumn array,Piezophotocatalysis,Piezophototronic effect,Combinatorial Zn–Sn3N4 composition spread
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Beamforming Optimization for Time-Modulated Circular-Aperture Grid Array with DE Algorithm
摘要： This paper put forward a method of numerical optimization for the circular-aperture time-modulated grid array. The amplitude weight and time modulation pulse width are optimized based on differential evolution algorithm to get the needed array pattern. Adopting the weighting mode of conventional rectangular array, the equivalent weighting of circular-aperture time-modulated array is decomposed into two independent components respectively in horizontal and vertical direction, so to shorten the length of optimization vector from M×N order to M+N order. Besides, the circular-aperture time-modulated array is symmetrically excited in horizontal and vertical direction. The numerical experiments show that differential evolution algorithm can realize sidelobe level of -35dB and nulling level of -60dB in the patterns of the center frequency and one chosen sideband, and the unexploited sidebands are also suppressed with their peak level lower than -35dB. Meanwhile the dynamic range of the amplitude weighting and time modulation pulse width can be limited in 10dB. The overall efficiency of the time-modulated array is 0.28.
关键词： Beamforming optimization,differential evolution algorithm,circular-aperture grid array,time modulation
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Wideband Monostatic Co-Polarized Co-Channel Simultaneous Transmit and Receive (C-STAR) Broadside Circular Array Antenna
摘要： A novel wideband monostatic circularly co-polarized co-channel simultaneously transmit and receive (C-STAR) broadside circular array antenna with a partially shared beam-forming network (BFN) is proposed. The configuration consists of four sequentially rotated two-arm Archimedean spiral antennas, backed by a finite ground plane and driven by a BFN. Every two diagonal antenna pairs are fed with differential phases to obtain similar co-polarized broadside transmitting (TX) and receiving (RX) beams. Each individual element has single feeding port and operates simultaneously as TX and RX over the same frequency. The proposed C-STAR approach utilizes antenna orientation, geometric symmetry, and partially shared BFN to overcome self-interference. In the absence of asymmetry and BFN imbalances, complete wideband self-interference cancellation is achieved without relying on frequency-, time-, space-, pattern-, antenna/port-, or polarization-multiplexing. The fabricated prototype has measured TX/RX isolation >38 dB, axial ratio <3.7 dB, and realized gain between 3 and 8.8 dBic over 1.25-2.5 GHz. The TX and RX radiation patterns are similar with envelope correlation coefficient >0.93.
关键词： transmit and receive (STAR),coupling,spiral,in-band full-duplex,Circular array,simultaneous self-interference cancellation,isolation
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Measurement of Argon emission spectral of ICP plasma using a diagnostic system based on photomultiplier tubes array
摘要： Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is one of the most important diagnostic tools in plasma physics. A self-built spectroscopic diagnostic system, owning temporal and spatial resolution, has been constructed using photo multiplier tubes (PMTs) array, spectrometer and other parts. The problem of superposition between inlet plane of bundle fiber and the focal plane of the spectrometer is analyzed and solved. In addition, the synchronization regulation of output of PMTs has been completed. This system is installed on an inductively coupled (ICP) plasma chamber in order to study the Argon (Ar) emission spectrum generated from typical radio frequency (RF) and pulse discharges. The test results show that the intensity of Ar emission spectrum increases with the power and pressure, but increase less with the flow and current ratio. Under pulse discharge condition, the intensity of spectrum does not change with the frequency, neither does the broadening of spectrum with time.
关键词： PMTs array,ICP plasma,Argon emission spectrum,Optical emission spectroscopy,RF and pulse discharges
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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A photometer array for atmospheric gravity wave measurements on the Lower Atmosphere Ionosphere Coupling Experiment (LAICE) mission
摘要： The photometer payload of the lower atmosphere ionosphere coupling experiment CubeSat mission will observe and characterize atmospheric gravity wave (AGW) propagation through the mesosphere/lower thermosphere region of Earth’s atmosphere on a global scale. AGW characteristics will be measured via passive observation of airglow emission from atmospheric O2(b1Σ+ g ) at 762.0 nm (O2A) and Herzberg I O2(A3Σ+ u ? X 3Σ? g ) at 277.0 nm (O2HI) under nighttime conditions. The photometer payload consists of a seven-element array of photomultiplier tubes grouped into four channels, which will measure O2A intensity at two emission wavelengths, O2HI band intensity at a single emission wavelength, and ambient background intensity at 770.0 nm. AGW horizontal wavelength will be measured from O2A band airglow perturbations related to rotational temperature and density, while vertical wavelength will be determined from the phase relationship between the O2HI and O2A bands. Wave number and wave amplitude will be used to determine the extent of energy and momentum ?ux associated with the wave. This is important in understanding the global distribution of high frequency waves which carry the bulk of the in?uence of wave energy and momentum ?ux from lower altitudes into the mesosphere. This can only be measured from space by nadir viewing. To our knowledge, nadir viewing of mesospheric airglow to quantify intrinsic properties of gravity waves from space has not been performed to date.
关键词： CubeSat mission,mesosphere/lower thermosphere,atmospheric gravity wave,airglow emission,photometer array
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36