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Modeling of a high performance bandgap graded Pb-free HTM-free perovskite solar cell
摘要： In this study, a lead-free nontoxic and hole transport material (HTM)-free perovskite solar cell (PSC) with a novel con?guration of glass/FTO/ZnO/CH3NH3SnI3(cid:1)xBrx/back contact has been modeled and optimized by a solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS). The bandgap of CH3NH3SnI3(cid:1)xBrx absorber is tuned in the range of 1.3 eV to 2.15 eV by variation of the Br doping content. To make a comparison, an optimized Pb-based PSC is also modeled. By optimizing the parameters, power conversion ef?ciency (PCE) of 16.30%, open circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.02 V, short circuit current density (Jsc) of 22.23 mA/cm2, and ?ll factor (FF) of 0.72 were obtained. As compare to the reports available in the literature, these results show much improvement and can provide guidelines for production of economic and environmentally friendly PSCs with further ef?ciency enhancement.
关键词： lead-free,perovskite solar cell,SCAPS,bandgap grading,HTM-free
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Self-assembled NiO microspheres for efficient inverted mesoscopic perovskite solar cells
摘要： Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with both normal (n-i-p) and inverted (p-i-n) mesoscopic structures usually exhibit higher e?ciency than their planar counterparts because the mesoporous charge transport layers can supply heterogeneous nucleation sites for growing high quality perovskite crystals and enlarged charge separation area for better charge extraction. However, comparing with the achieved extremely high or even the certi?ed world record e?ciency of mesoscopic PSCs, the signi?cant improvement of inverted mesoscopic PSCs has yet been made, mainly owing to the lack of suitable p-type semiconductors for preparing mesoporous hole transport layers (HTLs). Here, an emulsion-based bottom-up self-assembly strategy is used to prepare NiO microspheres from well-dispersed NiO nanocrystals. The self-assembled NiO microspheres are further used to fabricate mesoporous NiO HTLs of the inverted mesoscopic PSCs. The as-prepared mesoporous NiO HTL with self-assembled NiO microspheres can provide more suitable graded energy alignment, better charge carrier dynamics and reduced dark recombination in the device comparing with the inverted planar PSC with NiO nanocrystal HTL, contributing to obviously enhanced photovoltaic performance and nearly eliminated photocurrent-voltage hysteresis. Due to the general strategy of emulsion-based bottom-up self-assembly for microspheres synthesis, it will overcome the shortage of p-type materials for preparing e?cient inverted mesoscopic PSCs.
关键词： Self-assembled NiO microspheres,Photovoltaic performance,Inverted mesoscopic perovskite solar cell
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Elucidating the effect of shunt losses on the performance of mesoporous perovskite solar cells
摘要： Mesoporous perovskite solar cells (MPSCs) suffer from various types of charge carrier losses, where shunt losses usually dominate. Herein, we perform a systematic study to investigate the impact of such losses on the photovoltaic performance of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3)-based MPSCs. The shunt losses in the MPSCs are attributed to the leakage current and the non-geminated recombination losses. We also demonstrate that these losses can be reduced by the incorporation of appropriate thickness of compact titanium oxide (c-TiO2) interlayer between FTO and mesoporous TiO2 (m-TiO2). As a result, MPSCs exhibit higher open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.05 V, short-circuit current density (JSC) of 23.27 mA cm?2, and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.69% under one-sun illumination conditions. The improved device performance was attributed to (i) the efficient blocking of holes, (ii) the decrease of leakage current, and (iii) the suppression of the non-geminated recombination losses in the cells. The effect of the c-TiO2 layer thickness on the series resistance (RS), shunt resistance (RSh), and the non-geminated recombination were also discussed in detail.
关键词： Non-geminated recombination losses,Series and shunt resistance,Electron transport layer,Leakage current,Perovskite solar cell
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Ionic selective contact controls the charge accumulation for efficient and intrinsic stable planar homo-junction perovskite solar cells
摘要： The under-coordinated ionic defects at the surface and grain boundaries of organic-inorganic halide perovskite always attract and trap the free carriers via the electrostatic force and accelerate the ions migration by defect vacancies channels, significantly limiting the charge extraction efficiency and intrinsic stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, a novel strategy of ionic layer induced homo-junction perovskite reinforced the build in field (Ebi) is proposed to further decrease trap recombination and suppress the ions migration, thereby enhancing the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and intrinsic stability of PSCs. Experiments and theories certify that the adsorbed cations and anions will not only give rise to interface charge accumulation/depletion of perovskite, resulting in boarder distributed and reinforced Ebi, but also increased the interface ions vacancy migration barriers via the extra ionic interaction. As a result, the resultant n-i-p PSCs showed a record PCE of 20.88% among the organic electron transfer layer (ETL) and deliver a high stability of 88% after aged 60 days in atmosphere without encapsulation. Our findings provide a new insight to further eliminate the side effect of ionic defects and guide to design newly contact interface to minimize the trap recombination and ions motion induced intrinsic stability of PSCs.
关键词： intrinsic stability,organic electron transportation layer,perovskite solar cell,band blending,surface ionic doping
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Enhancing the optical, morphological and electronic properties of the solution-processed CsPbIBr2 films by Li doping for efficient carbon-based perovskite solar cells
摘要： CsPbIBr2 perovskite exhibits the most balanced bandgap and durability features among all the inorganic perovskites, showing great potential in the photoelectric field. Nevertheless, the poor film quality of the traditionally spin-coated CsPbIBr2 restricts the further improvement of the device performance. Here, we develop a novel lithium (Li) doping strategy to promote the optical, morphological and electronic properties of the solution-processed CsPbIBr2 perovskites. Upon incorporating Li+ ions into CsPbIBr2 lattice, highly crystallized and well-oriented CsPbIBr2 crystals are obtained. The as-prepared Li-doped CsPbIBr2 exhibits a higher film coverage over the substrate with larger grains and less grain boundaries compared to the none-doped counterparts. The trap-state densities in the CsPbIBr2 film are also effectively alleviated while the carrier lifetimes are elongated by Li doping, contributing to a lower energy loss and a higher charge collection efficiency. The optimized Li-doped perovskite solar cells (PSCs) demonstrate an excellent champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.25%, much higher than that of the none-doped devices (7.41%). Furthermore, the unencapsulated devices present a superior air and thermal stability under the protection of the hydrophobic CuPc layer and carbon electrode. Our work provides a new opportunity to fabricate cost-effective and highly efficient CsPbIBr2 PSCs in a facile way.
关键词： carbon-based,perovskite solar cell,Li doping,CsPbIBr2,highly efficient
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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The Role of Thickness Control and Interface Modification in Assembling Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved tremendous success within just a decade. This success is critically dependent upon compositional engineering, morphology control of perovskite layer, or contingent upon high-temperature annealed mesoporous TiO2, but quantitative analysis of the role of facile TiCl4 treatment and thickness control of the compact TiO2 layer has not been satisfactorily undertaken. Herein, we report the facile thickness control and post-treatment of the electron transport TiO2 layer to produce highly efficient planar PSCs. TiCl4 treatment of TiO2 layer could remove the surface trap and decrease the charge recombination in the prepared solar cells. Introduction of ethanol into the TiCl4 aqueous solution led to further improved open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current density of the related devices, thus giving rise to enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE). After the optimal TiCl4 treatment, PCE of 16.42% was achieved for PSCs with TiCl4 aqueous solution-treated TiO2 and 19.24% for PSCs with TiCl4 aqueous/ethanol solution-treated TiO2, respectively. This work sheds light on the promising potential of simple planar PSCs without complicated compositional engineering and avoiding the deposition and optimization of the mesoporous scaffold layer.
关键词： titanium tetrachloride,titanium dioxide,surface treatment,perovskite solar cell
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Fluorine Substituted Benzotriazole Core Building Block Based Highly Efficient Hole Transporting Materials for Mesoporous Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Two novel donor-accepter-donor (D-A-D) structured hole transporting materials based on fluorine substituted benzotriazole (BTA) core building block (2FBTA-1, 2FBTA-2) are designed and synthesized through the molecular regulation. Applied these materials into perovskite solar cell (PSC), power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 7.55 % and 17.94% are obtained for 2FBTA-1 and 2FBTA-2, respectively. The better photovoltaic performance of 2FBTA-2 could be attributed to its more suitable energy level, more planar molecular configurations and higher hole mobility. Moreover, the devices with 2FBTA-2 as HTM show good stability under the air condition. The results qualify the BTA promising building block for future HTM design.
关键词： perovskite solar cell,photovoltaic,benzotriazole,hole transporting material
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Advanced partial nucleation for single-phase FA0.92MA0.08PbI3-based high-efficiency perovskite solar cells; 部分预成核以制备单相基于FA0.92MA0.08PbI3的高 效太阳电池;
摘要： To date, extensive research has been carried out, with considerable success, on the development of high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Owing to its wide absorption range and remarkable thermal stability, the mixed-cation perovskite FAxMA1?xPbI3 (formamidinium/methylammonium lead iodide) promises high performance. However, the ratio of the mixed cations in the perovskite film has proved difficult to control with precursor solution. In addition, the FAxMA1?xPbI3 films contain a high percentage of MA+ and suffer from serious phase separation and high trap states, resulting in inferior photovoltaic performance. In this study, to suppress phase separation, a post-processing method was developed to partially nucleate before annealing, by treating the as-prepared intermediate phase FAI-PbI2-DMSO (DMSO: dimethylsulfoxide) with mixed FAI/MAI solution. It was found that in the final perovskite, FA0.92MA0.08PbI3, defects were substantially reduced because the analogous molecular structure initiated ion exchange in the post-processed thin perovskite films, which advanced partial nucleation. As a result, the increased light harvesting and reduced trap states contributed to the enhancement of open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current. The PSCs produced by the post-processing method presented reliable reproducibility, with a maximum power conversion efficiency of 20.80% and a degradation of ~30% for 80 days in standard atmospheric conditions.
关键词： partial-nucleation,defects,perovskite solar cell (PSC),stability,mixed cations,single phase
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Synthesis of Perovskite Film by Using Lead Nitrate as Precursor for Perovskite Solar Cell Applications
摘要： Perovskite film is normally synthesized from lead iodide (PbI2) and methyl ammonium iodide (MAI, CH3NH3I) to form CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite film in p-i-n perovskite solar cell. However, PbI2 is difficultly dissolved for fabrication process. Lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) is considered as one alternative material that can be used to synthesize perovskite film with some advantages such as low cost material, non-toxic solvent requirement and water dissolvable. Thus, this study aims to synthesize perovskite film by using Pb(NO3)2 and MAI as stating materials. Spin coating method was used to deposit perovskite precursor for p-i-n perovskite solar cell fabrication. The crystal structure, surface morphology and optical property of perovskite film were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and UV-visible spectroscopy, respectively. For solar cell applications, the perovskite solar cell fabricated with Pb(NO3)2 showed lower performance than with PbI2. The low performance was resulted from the incomplete formation of perovskite film due to effects of pinhole and non-smooth film surface. However, this work demonstrated that Pb(NO3)2 has possibility to use as starting material for perovskite solar cell fabrication with non-toxic solvent process. To improve solar cell performance, perovskite film synthesized from Pb(NO3)2 should be further investigated.
关键词： Lead nitrate,perovskite solar cell,Pb(NO3)2,free-toxic solvent
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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The investigation of the unseen interrelationship of grain size, ionic defects, device physics and performance of perovskite solar cells
摘要： Controlling the phenomenological morphology effects on the performance of the perovskite solar cell (PSC) is a continuing concern due to its photo-physical complexity and the existing contrary reports. Distinguishing the impact on the performance of the device can be beneficial in optimizing fabrication methods. Here, the transient AC and steady state DC measurements, and morphology characterizations confirm the variation of performance parameters with respect to grain boundaries (GBs) growth. The device physics is uncovered with respect to the grain size (GS) of the perovskite layer employing the theoretical drift-diffusion framework incorporating the electronic and ionic contributions. The increase of open circuit voltage (Voc) for devices with large GS can be associated to the density of defect states. The findings here suggest a more pronounced role of interfaces in efficiency enhancement of the PSCs with the emphasis on the impact of the hole transport layer (HTL)/perovskite layer interface which is also found to be remarkably dependent on the method of fabrication and the associated perovskite conversion mechanism, and not necessarily on GS. The results are expected to deliver important guidelines for the development of more efficient PSCs by further enhancement of the Voc towards its thermodynamic limit of 1.32V, via creating optimal interfaces.
关键词： open circuit voltage,perovskite solar cell (PSC),bulk traps,interface,grain size (GS)
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04