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Recent developments in flexible photodetectors based on metal halide perovskite
摘要： Flexible photodetectors (FPDs) have been receiving increasing attention in recent years because of their potential applications in electronic eyes, bioinspired sensing, smart textiles, and wearable devices. Moreover, metal halide perovskites (MHPs) with outstanding optical and electrical properties, good mechanical flexibility, low-cost and low-temperature solution-processed fabrication have become promising candidates as light harvesting materials in FPDs. Herein, we comprehensively review the developments of FPDs based on MHPs reported recently. This review firstly provides an introduction with respect to the performance parameters and device configurations of perovskite photodetectors, followed by the specific requirements of FPDs including substrate and electrode materials. Next, chemical compositions, structures and preparation methods of MHPs are presented. Then, the FPDs on the basis of single-component perovskite and hybrid structure perovskite are discussed, subsequently, self-powered flexible perovskite photodetectors were presented. In the end, conclusions and challenges are put forward in the field of FPDs based on perovskites.
关键词： metal halide perovskites,flexible photodetectors,self-powered
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Hot-substrate deposition of all-inorganic perovskite films for low-temperature processed high-efficiency solar cells
摘要： All-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskites (CsPbX3) have emerged as one of the most promising photovoltaic materials due to their superior thermal stability. However, the high phase transition temperatures (typically over 250 ?C) of CsPbX3 perovskites are incompatible with flexible substrates. Herein, we employed a simple hot-casting method to fabricate low-temperature processed CsPbI2Br films. By casting the perovskite precursor solution onto a hot substrate (maintained at 55 ?C), compact, large-grain and pinhole-free CsPbI2Br films can be prepared at a low post-annealing temperature, which outperform the conventional room temperature (RT)-casting and high-temperature (post-annealing at 340 ?C) processed CsPbI2Br films containing some voids. As a result, the hot-casting and low-temperature (post-annealing at 120 ?C) processed CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibited an outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.5%, which is much higher than that (2.91%) of the RT-casting processed CsPbI2Br devices. Further optimization of the post-annealing temperature (optimized value: 180 ?C) yielded the best performance of 13.8% for hot-casting processed CsPbI2Br devices. This study gives an effective and facile strategy toward low-temperature processed all-inorganic perovskite films and high-performance PSCs.
关键词： hot-casting method,All-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskites,perovskite solar cells,low-temperature processed,CsPbI2Br
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Spin‐On‐Patterning of Sn–Pb Perovskite Photodiodes on IGZO Transistor Arrays for Fast Active‐Matrix Near‐Infrared Imaging
摘要： Flat-panel imagers have wide applications in industrial and medical inspections. Nonetheless, large area infrared imaging remains a challenge due to the fact that the state-of-the-art infrared sensors are usually based on silicon or germanium technologies, which are limited by the wafer size. Recent advances in low bandgap Sn–Pb perovskite photodiodes (PDs) and indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) matrix backplane bring new opportunity for developing the large area near-infrared image sensor. As a proof of concept, a 12 × 12 pixels array with each pixel independently controlled by the gate voltage of a TFT are constructed. Arrays of Sn–Pb based perovskite PDs are spin deposited onto the IGZO TFT drain electrode via self-assembled patterning process. The low bandgap perovskite PD exhibits a broad spectral response for wavelength from 300 to 1000 nm, featuring a high light to the dark current ratio of ≈104, and a high specific detectivity (D*) of ≈1011 Jones at 850 nm (biased at ?0.1 V). The integration takes advantage of the high mobility of IGZO transistors and the high infrared sensitivity of low Sn–Pb perovskite materials, which enables the next generation near-infrared flat-panel imager with high frame rate and low operating voltages.
关键词： near-infrared,photodiodes,perovskites,transistors,photodetectors,imaging
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells with Dielectric/Metal/Dielectric Top Electrodes
摘要： A semitransparent perovskite solar cell (PSC) with a dielectric/metal/dielectric (DMD) multilayer ?lm as the top transparent electrode is investigated. Through adjusting the thickness and the deposition rate of Ag and WO3 layers, a transparent electrode with a low sheet resistance of 7 Ω sq?1 and high average visible transmittance (AVT) of 73% in the visible wavelength range of 400–800 nm is obtained. Using the resultant DMD ?lm as the top transparent electrode and different bandgap perovskites of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3), CH(NH2)2PbI3 (FAPbI3), and FA0.5MA0.38Cs0.12PbI2.04Br0.96 as the optical active layer, a solar cell with a device architecture of ITO/SnO2/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/MoO3/Ag/WO3 is fabricated. A series of ef?cient semitransparent PSCs with high transmittance are achieved.
关键词： top electrodes,perovskites,dielectric/metal/dielectric,solar cells,semitransparent
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Effects of Organic Cations on Carrier Transport at the Interface between Perovskites and Electron Transport Layers in (FA,MA)SnI <sub/>3</sub> Solar Cells
摘要： Charge extraction at carrier transport layers adjacent to perovskites is crucial for the optimization of perovskite solar cells. In particular, Sn–perovskites with no lead elements are known to struggle from charge extraction. Here, we report the effects of organic ligands like FA and MA (FA = HC(NH2)2+; MA = CH3NH3+) on charge separation at the interface between electron transport layers and perovskites. TiO2 mesoporous covering the tin-perovskites show significant changes in electronic structure and built–in potentials according to the ratio of FA to MA. Through a local probe with potential and current mapping, charge transport has been intensively examined. The best cell in this study is obtained as 5.37% at FA : MA = 3 : 1 with only iodine at the halide sites. Even though the value itself is not comparable with lead halides but it could pave a new direction to improve lead–free perovskite solar cells.
关键词： perovskite solar cells,tin perovskites,TiO2 mesoporous,charge extraction,organic cations
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Enhanced Charge Carrier Transport in 2D Perovskites by Incorporating Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes or Graphene
摘要： Two-dimensional (2D) organic-inorganic (hybrid) perovskites are considered promising candidates to replace conventional three-dimensional (3D) perovskites for solar cell applications as they have good resistance against moisture and UV light. However, the use of 2D perovskite is associated with a significant decrease in power efficiency resulting from their low photogenerated charge carrier density and poor charge transport. To improve power efficiency in 2D perovskites, highly crystalline films (near-single-crystal quality) of 2D perovskite needs to be synthesized where the alignment of the inorganic perovskite components is controlled to have vertical alignment with respect to the contacts to improve charge transport. In this work, we explored strategies to overcome this limitation, by integrating 2D perovskite with single-walled carbon nanotubes or graphene to enable more efficient extraction of charge carriers toward electric contacts. Longer carrier lifetimes were achieved after the incorporation of the carbon nanostructures in the films and at cell level, power efficiency increased by two-fold.
关键词： 2D perovskites,charge-carrier transport,solar cells,single-walled carbon nanotubes,graphene
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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A novel approach for preparation of CH3NH3PbBr3 via direct transformation of electrodeposited PbO2 for photodetector application
摘要： Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites are crystals with efficient light absorption, high charge carrier mobility and long electron/hole diffusion path that have been developed to enhance sunlight energy application. In particular, lead-based compounds by establishing excellent performance in 3rd generation solar cells led to an increased interest in testing them in other areas such as photodetectors, diodes, and transistors. Herein, we report a simple, scalable and versatile fabrication process of CH3NH3PbBr3 layer through electrodeposition technique without using a glove box or a high vacuum system. Measurements demonstrated that a high quality crystalline structure in a pinhole free perovskite layer was obtained. The fabricated photodetector devices made of electrodeposited MAPbBr3 films displayed significant performance with the on/off current ratio of 3 × 106 under white light radiation at 0.1 V bias voltage. Increasing the thickness of photoactive absorber layer up to 1 μm led to 7% external quantum efficiency and 34.4% improvement of EQE compared to 546 nm film.
关键词： photodetector,electrodeposition,MAPbBr3,PbO2,Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Enhanced Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells Incorporating Dopant‐Free Crystalline Spiro‐OMeTAD Layers by Vacuum Sublimation
摘要： The main handicap still hindering the eventual exploitation of organometal halide perovskite-based solar cells is their poor stability under prolonged illumination, ambient conditions, and increased temperatures. This article shows for the first time the vacuum processing of the most widely used solid-state hole conductor (SSHC), i.e., the Spiro-OMeTAD [2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis (N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine) 9,9′-spirobifluorene], and how its dopant-free crystalline formation unprecedently improves perovskite solar cell (PSC) stability under continuous illumination by about two orders of magnitude with respect to the solution-processed reference and after annealing in air up to 200 °C. It is demonstrated that the control over the temperature of the samples during the vacuum deposition enhances the crystallinity of the SSHC, obtaining a preferential orientation along the π–π stacking direction. These results may represent a milestone toward the full vacuum processing of hybrid organic halide PSCs as well as light-emitting diodes, with promising impacts on the development of durable devices. The microstructure, purity, and crystallinity of the vacuum sublimated Spiro-OMeTAD layers are fully elucidated by applying an unparalleled set of complementary characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy.
关键词： perovskite solar cells,organometal halide perovskites,stability,vacuum deposition,solid state hole conductors,Spiro-OMeTAD
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Toward Phase Stability: Dion–Jacobson Layered Perovskite for Solar Cells
摘要： Three-dimensional halide based perovskites has emerged as promising semiconducting light harvester for thin-film solar cells fabrication, however, its intrinsic instability under humidity restricts their potential commercialization. To address such challenges, the development of low-dimensional Dion-Jacobson (DJ) phase / layered perovskites have recently gained substantial attention due to their intriguing environmental stability and competitive power conversion efficiency. In this review, we have screened and focused our investigation on the DJ phase in layered perovskite for solar cell fabrication, especially elucidation on the active role played by organic spacer cation for active layer. We also discuss the possible strategies that can be employed to further push the performance of DJ perovskite solar cells.
关键词： organic spacer cation,layered perovskites,Dion-Jacobson phase,phase stability,solar cells
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Atomic Structure and Electrical Activity of Grain Boundaries and Ruddlesden-Popper Faults in Cesium Lead Bromide Perovskite
摘要： To evaluate the role of planar defects in lead-halide perovskites—cheap, versatile semiconducting materials—it is critical to examine their structure, including defects, at the atomic scale and develop a detailed understanding of their impact on electronic properties. In this study, postsynthesis nanocrystal fusion, aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, and first-principles calculations are combined to study the nature of different planar defects formed in CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. Two types of prevalent planar defects from atomic resolution imaging are observed: previously unreported Br-rich [001](210)∑5 grain boundaries (GBs) and Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) planar faults. The first-principles calculations reveal that neither of these planar faults induce deep defect levels, but their Br-deficient counterparts do. It is found that the ∑5 GB repels electrons and attracts holes, similar to an n–p–n junction, and the RP planar defects repel both electrons and holes, similar to a semiconductor–insulator–semiconductor junction. Finally, the potential applications of these findings and their implications to understand the planar defects in organic–inorganic lead-halide perovskites that have led to solar cells with extremely high photoconversion efficiencies are discussed.
关键词： Ruddlesden–Popper faults,lead-halide perovskites,scanning transmission electron microscopy,density-functional theory,grain boundaries
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36