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Significance of Additional Non-Mass Enhancement in Patients with Breast Cancer on Preoperative 3T Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI of the Breast
摘要： Background: In preoperative assessment of breast cancer, MRI has been shown to identify more additional breast lesions than are detectable using conventional imaging techniques. The characterization of additional lesions is more important than detection for optimal surgical treatment. Additional breast lesions can be included in focus, mass, and non-mass enhancement (NME) on MRI. According to the fifth edition of the breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS?), which includes several changes in the NME descriptors, few studies to date have evaluated NME in preoperative assessment of breast cancer. Objectives: We investigated the diagnostic accuracy of BI-RADS descriptors in predicting malignancy for additional NME lesions detected on preoperative 3T dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer. Patients and Methods: Between January 2008 and December 2012, 88 patients were enrolled in our study, all with NME lesions other than the index cancer on preoperative 3T DCE-MRI and all with accompanying histopathologic examination. The MRI findings were analyzed according to the BI-RADS MRI lexicon. We evaluated the size, distribution, internal enhancement pattern, and location of NME lesions relative to the index cancer (i.e., same quadrant, different quadrant, or contralateral breast). Results: On histopathologic analysis of the 88 NME lesions, 73 (83%) were malignant and 15 (17%) were benign. Lesion size did not differ significantly between malignant and benign lesions (P = 0.410). Malignancy was more frequent in linear (P = 0.005) and segmental (P = 0.011) distributions, and benignancy was more frequent in focal (P = 0.004) and regional (P < 0.001) NME lesions. The highest positive predictive value (PPV) for malignancy occurred in segmental (96.8%), linear (95.1%), clustered ring (100%), and clumped (92.0%) enhancement. Asymmetry demonstrated a high positive predictive value of 85.9%. The frequency of malignancy was higher for NME lesions located in the same quadrant with the index cancer (P = 0.006), and benignancy was higher in the contralateral breast (P = 0.015). On multivariate analysis, linear (P = 0.001) and segmental (P = 0.005) distributions were significant predictors of malignancy. Conclusion: The possibility of malignancy is strongly indicated when additional NME lesions show linear or segmental enhancement on preoperative 3T DCE-MRI in patients with recently diagnosed breast cancer.
关键词： Non-Mass Enhancement,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Preoperative Care,Breast Neoplasms,Diagnosis
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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The Design of Fused Amine/Carbonyl System for Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence: Novel Multiple Resonance Core and Electron Acceptor
摘要： Multiple resonances induced thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) has great advantages in high color purity display. Up to now, current MR-TADF emitters are only based on the boron-nitrogen-containing fragment. Reported herein is a novel class of MR-TADF emitter, quinolino[3,2,1-de]acridine-5,9-dione (QAO), realized by the opposite resonance effect of the carbonyl and the nitrogen atoms, which is also the smallest TADF emitter reported so far. The QAO-based pure blue organic light-emitting diode achieves a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 19.4% with a small full width at half maximum of 39 nm. Moreover, tert-butyl modified QAO can be employed as an efficient electron acceptor to construct an efficient yellow-green evaporation and solution process feasible TADF emitter, 7-(tert-butyl)-3,11-bis(9,9-dimethylacridin-10(9H)-yl)quinolino[3,2,1-de]acridine-5,9-dione (QAO-DAd), with significantly improved performance as compared to the previous flexible diketone-based emitters.
关键词： organic light-emitting diodes,thermally activated delayed fluorescence,TADF emitter,multiple resonance effect,aromatic diketone
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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In-situ Platinum Plasmon Resonance Effect Prompt Titanium Dioxide Nanocube Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
摘要： In-situ photodeposition Pt nanoparticles (Pt NPs) on TiO2 on account of the surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) effect and strong interaction of two components, which exhibits an elevated solar-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance. Herein, Pt-decorated TiO2 nanocube hierarchy structure (Pt-TNCB) was in-situ fabricated via a facile solvothermal synthesis and photodeposition strategy. The Pt-TNCB exhibits an excellent solar-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate (337.84 μmol h-1), which is about 37 times higher than that of TNCB (9.19 μmol h-1). Interestingly, its photocatalytic property is still superior to TNCB with post modification Pt (1 wt %) (208.11 μmol h-1). The introduction of Pt efficiently extends the photoresponse of composite material from UV to visible light region, simultaneously boost their solar-driven photocatalytic performance, which attribute to the porous structure, the subsize TNCB, the SPR effect of Pt NPs and strong interaction of two components. In fact, Pt NPs can enhance collective oscillations on delocalized electrons, which is conducive to capture electrons and hinder the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, leading to the longer lifetime of photogenerated charges. The fabrication of Pt-TNCB photocatalyst with SPR effect may provide a promising method to improve visible-light photocatalytic activities for traditional photocatalysts.
关键词： hydrogen evolution,titanium dioxide,surface plasmonic resonance,photodeposition,photocatalyst
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials: Towards Realization of High Efficiency Through Strategic Small Molecular Design
摘要： Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) is one of the most intriguing and promising discoveries towards realization of highly efficient organic light emitting diodes (OLED) utilizing small molecules as emitters, with the capability of manifesting all excitons generated during the electroluminescent processes, consequently achieving 100% of internal quantum efficiency. Since the report of the first efficient OLED based on a TADF small molecule in 2012 by Adachi et al., the quest for optimal TADF materials for OLED application has never stopped. Various TADF molecules bearing different design concepts and strategies have been designed and produced, with the aim to boost up the overall performances of corresponding OLEDs. In this minireview, the general principles of TADF molecular design based on three basic categories of TADF species: twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT), through-space charge transfer (TSCT) and multi-resonance induced TADF (MR-TADF) are discussed in detail. Several key aspects with respect to each category as well as some effective methods to enhance the efficiency of TADF materials and corresponding OLEDs from the molecular engineering perspectives are summarized and discussed to exhibit a general landscape of TADF molecular design to a wide variety of scientific researchers within this particular disciplinary area.
关键词： TICT,Through-space,TADF,Multi-resonance effect,OLED
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Electron transfer during binding processes between thiolate molecules and Au nano-islands
摘要： We investigated electron transfer during the time-dependent binding processes between thiolate molecules and Au nano-islands by observing tunneling current with an interdigitated microelectrode supporting the sputtered Au nano-islands (IME@AuNI). The time-dependent optical and electrical signal variation during the binding process was examined for five kinds of thiolates. As the immersion time was prolonged, the optical absorbance increased, whereas the current passing through the IME@AuNI decreased. Importantly, the spectral and current characteristics depended on the thiolate structure, because of the formation of capping layer in accordance with thiolate structure. These results are mainly attributed to synergistic effects of electron transfer from Au nano-islands to thiolate molecules and bridging effects of thiolate molecules among Au nano-islands.
关键词： Au nano-islands,Thiolate molecules,Electron transfer,Localized surface plasmon resonance,Tunneling current
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Transition from Two-photon Absorption to Saturable Absorption in Gold Patterned Ruby Thin Film
摘要： Nonlinear behaviour of gold micro disks patterned Ruby film has been investigated via Z-scan technique. Open Z-scan was performed for Ruby and Ruby/gold thin film using 532 nm Laser source. Two-photon absorption (TPA) and Saturable absorption (SA) have been observed in pure Ruby and Ruby/gold thin film respectively. The expression for normalized transmittance in open Z-scan was obtained by Gaussian decomposition method for fitting the open. The values for nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) for Ruby/gold (7.41 × 10?7??/??) was two orders of magnitude higher than that of Ruby (1.41 × 10?9??/??). Further, TPA and SA were confirmed by open Z-scan on these films, performed by 633 nm Laser source.
关键词： Surface Plasmon Resonance,Ruby,Z-scan,Two-photon absorption,Saturable absorption
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Actively tunable mid-infrared Fano resonance in Ge2Sb2Te5-based grating structures
摘要： Dynamic tuning of the resonance wavelength of subwavelength gratings in the mid-infrared (MIR) region via the permittivity change of phase-change material (PCM) has been demonstrated. A large shift in the peak of reflectance can be obtained by intermediate phase states of the Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) layer. Fano resonance (FR) can be excited and is verified by the rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) method. Non-volatile tuning of lattice resonances over a range Δλ of about 1.9 μm (10.9 μm–12.8 μm) is achieved. Significant spectral tuning of FR can also be achieved by changing geometrical parameters as well as the angle of incidence. The wide range of the tunable FR in the technologically important MIR region offers a high resolution filter, which is useful for numerous sensing, imaging, and detection applications.
关键词： Fano resonance,Phase change materials,Mid-infrared
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Properties of Au incorporated In2O3 films
摘要： Effect of gold loading on the structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of RF magnetron sputtered In2O3 films is discussed. Annealing is done to analyse the properties of heavily Au loaded In2O3 film after thermal treatment. Au acts as a nucleation centre and improves the crystalline quality of cubic bixbyite In2O3 films with moderate Au loading concentration. FESEM and AFM images of the as-deposited films present smooth surface morphology with a dense distribution of small grains. Random distribution of Au nanorods can be seen in the FESEM image of the 10 wt% Au incorporated film annealed at a temperature of 400 °C. The present study reveals the formation of smooth, crack-free, crystalline In2O3 films with Au incorporation. XPS analysis suggests the predominance of metallic state of Au in the Au loaded films. Absorption studies show an enhanced absorption in both as-deposited and annealed Au loaded films. Transmittance of In2O3 films is considerably modified but electrical properties are not much modified by Au incorporation. Enhancement in UV luminescence emission of In2O3 films ~378 nm is observed with Au incorporation up to 3 wt%. Intense UV emission in Au incorporated films opens a possibility of using these films for UV light emission applications.
关键词： Au incorporation,In2O3,UV emission enhancement,Au nanoclusters,Surface plasmon resonance
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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A far-red FRET fluorescent probe for ratiometric detection of l-cysteine based on carbon dots and N-acetyl-l-cysteine-capped gold nanoparticles
摘要： A novel far-red fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) fluorescenct probe for ratiometric detection of L-cysteine (L-Cys) has been designed. The system was established a FRET assembly by positively charged carbon dots (CDs) and negatively charged N-acetyl-L-cysteine capped gold nanoparticles (NAC-AuNPs). The fluorescence of CDs at 539 nm could be effectively quenched in the presence of NAC-AuNPs owing to FRET process, while the emission of NAC-AuNPs at 630 nm was appeared. Subsequently, the interactions between L-Cys and NAC-AuNPs resulted in the decreased emission intensity of NAC-AuNPs, but the emission intensity of CDs kept almost constant due to the continuous FRET efficiency. The ratio of emission intensities at 539 and 630 nm (I539/I630) exhibited a linear correlation to the L-Cys concentration in the range of 1.0-110 μM with the detection limit of 0.16 μM. Moreover, this far-red ratiometric sensor also revealed excellent selectivity toward L-Cys over other amino acids, which showed very high potential in the practical application for diagnosing of cysteine-related disease.
关键词： Fluorescence resonance energy transfer,gold nanoparticles,L-cysteine,Carbon dots
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Characterization of ECR plasma by means of radial and axial X-ray diagnostics
摘要： This work presents the X-ray characterization of the plasma generated in a simple mirror axis symmetric trap as a function of the magnetic field profile. A Si-Pin detector has been used to characterize warm electron population in axial and radial directions at 6.83 GHz. Moreover, the hot electrons emitted in axial direction has been measured by means of a HyperPure Germanium (HpGe) detector. Results show that X-ray emission is not homogenous, and its homogeneity and temperature depend strongly on the magnetic field profile, and especially on the Bmin/BECR ratio.
关键词： Ion sources (positive ions, negative ions, electron cyclotron resonance (ECR), electron beam (EBIS)),Solid state detectors,X-ray detectors
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29