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Effect of imidazole based polymer blend electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells in energy harvesting window glass applications
摘要： The exploration of polymer electrolyte in the field of dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) can contribute to increase the invention of renewable energy applications. In the present work, the influence of imidazole on the poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)- poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-Ethylene carbonate (EC)-KI-I2 polymer blend electrolytes have been prepared. The different weight percentage of imidazole added into polymer blend electrolytes has been prepared by solution casting. The prepared films were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), UV-visible spectra, photoluminescence spectra and impedance spectroscopy. The surface roughness texture of the film was analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The ionic conductivity of the optimized polymer blend electrolyte by impedance measurement, which is 1.95×10-3 S cm-1 at room temperature. The polymer electrolyte containing 40 wt% of imidazole content exhibits the highest photo-conversion efficiency of 3.04% under the illumination 100 mWcm-2. Moreover, a considerable enhancement in the stability of the DSSC device was demonstrated.
关键词： Polymer blend electrolyte,Imidazole,Dye-sensitized solar cell,Surface roughness,Ionic conductivity
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Study of heat treatment impact on the surface defects appearance on samples obtained by selective laser melting of Ti-6Al-4V during chemical polishing
摘要： Among advantages of selective laser melting (SLM) there are some problems in titanium alloys surface roughness after the sintering. Present work illustrates results of roughness measurements of Ti-6Al-44V titanium alloy samples after selective laser melting, heat treatment, mechanical brushing and acid polishing. It was found that surface roughness of SLM samples depends on heat treatment and chemical polishing modes; the biggest roughness is noted after the oil quenching from 950 (cid:1)C with subsequent aging at 650 (cid:1)C during 120 min. The best surface quality was obtained after annealing for 2 h at 650 (cid:1)C, water quenching at 950 (cid:1)C, mechanical brushing and chemical polishing.
关键词： Chemical polishing,Titanium alloy,Heat treatment,Selective laser melting,Surface roughness
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 16th International Conference on Group IV Photonics (GFP) - Singapore, Singapore (2019.8.28-2019.8.30)] 2019 IEEE 16th International Conference on Group IV Photonics (GFP) - Ultra Low-Loss Silicon Waveguides for 200 mm Photonics Platform
摘要： We demonstrate ultra-low optical losses in silicon waveguide by applying a smoothing annealing with no morphological deformation. We reach record-low losses at 1310nm with 0.1 dB/cm in single mode waveguide, while the performances of the other devices of the platform are preserved.
关键词： waveguide,roughness,Silicon photonics,Optical loss,annealing
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Experimental investigation and modeling of heat affected zone and surface roughness in erbium-doped fiber laser cutting of CFRP composite
摘要： In the current era, two types of the composite, namely polymer-based composites and metal matrix composite materials are used in the industrial application, and the demand for an increase in its production is rapidly growing. But these composite materials are not so widely acceptable in the industries due to its non-machinability nature by conventional methods. Various reasons like the incorporation of defects, high strength, and hardness of the composite make the production of intricate shapes not easily achievable by traditional methods which lead to the development of new non-conventional machining methods. Laser machining method is one of the non-conventional methods which are becoming popular for cutting of composite materials due to its advantages of fast cutting speed and no contact with the workpiece. In this experimental work, an erbium-doped fiber laser is used to study the machinability of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite and effect of various machining parameters are observed on the performance responses like heat affected zone and surface roughness. It was found that composite was easily machinable with some surface defects which were detected by SEM images. The decrease in power with an increase in scan speed and standoff distance reduces surface roughness and heat affected zone in the material.
关键词： Fiber Laser,CFRP composite,HAZ,RSM,Surface roughness
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Surface and property characterization of laser polished Ti6Al4V
摘要： Laser polishing is being increasingly utilized as a method of surface treatment for metal alloys, and the rapid heating and cooling in the process significantly modify the subsurface material properties. However, understanding the effect of laser polishing on the properties is still incomplete. In this study, laser polishing of titanium alloys is experimentally investigated, in which the polishing parameters are determined by the energy conservation and the surface roughness can be effectively decreased, from 7.3 to approximately 0.6 μm through the orthogonal experiments. Through thermal cycle analysis of the laser polishing based on the finite element method, the martensite formation occurs in the substrate, which leads the 25% increase of the micro-hardness. The corrosion resistance improvement of the polished surface is attributed to the reduction of surface roughness and the increase of grain size in the polished zone.
关键词： Laser polishing,Electrochemical corrosion,Surface roughness,Microstructure
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Laser cladding process of Cobalt and Nickel based hard-micron-layers on 316L-stainless-steel-substrate
摘要： In the present study, two different types of coatings such as Cobalt (Co-Cr-W-C) and Nickel (Ni-Cr-B-Si-C) based layers have produced using a high power of Ytterbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Yb:YAG) disk laser on 316L stainless steel substrate. Then the coatings were analyzed to expose their phase characterization, microstructure, and hardness using X-ray diffraction analysis, electron microscopes and microhardness tester. Further, tribo-test has performed through a ball-on-plate machine to analyze the wear properties of coatings. Besides, worn-surfaces of cladding and surface roughness have examined. The results showed that both Cobalt and Nickel based cladding have exhibited a dendrite homogeneous structure with some changes in shape and grain size due to higher cooling rates. XRD results indicate that the mixing of a γ-Co peak with other metastable phases such as Cr7C3 and Cr23C6 were noticed on Cobalt coating and γ-Ni rich matrix was the most dominant peak in Nickel-based coating. Microhardness of the cladding layers has remarkably increased than the substrate. The wear performance of Nickel cladding has increased than Cobalt cladding and substrate sample, which reveals that Nickel-based laser cladding plays a role in wear resistance. The analyzed wear track indicates that adhesion and abrasion were the two major wear mechanisms.
关键词： cladding,316L,alloys,wear,microstructure,nickel,steel,performance,roughness,stainless,cobalt,surface
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Surface roughness alterations of zirconia implants after Er:YAG laser irradiation: a preliminary study
摘要： Objective This study aimed to investigate the surface roughness parameters (Rp in μm) of zirconia implants (TAVDental) after erbium YAG (LiteTouchTM) laser irradiation. Material and methods Implants were randomized into two groups according to the laser irradiation parameters (1.5 W/10 Hz and 1.5 W/30 Hz). The surface topography of each implant was analyzed before and after laser irradiation using laser-scanning microscopy. The roughness values from three different areas (cervical, middle, and apical) of each implant were registered. Result Irrespective of the different laser settings and implant surface areas, both groups showed a significant reduced mean and peak surface roughness values after laser irradiation. However, no signs of thermal defects were observed. Conclusion Based on the conditions of this preliminary study, it can be concluded that the use of the Er, YAG (1.5 W, 10 and 30 Hz) is a safe tool for zirconia implant surface decontamination.
关键词： Er:YAG laser,Implant surface decontamination,Implant surface roughness alterations,Zirconia implants
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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AIP Conference Proceedings [AIP Publishing 15th International Conference on Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems (CPV-15) - Fes, Morocco (25–27 March 2019)] 15th International Conference on Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems (CPV-15) - Powerful topographic analyzing method using fast Fourier transform for c-Si solar cells and advanced technologies
摘要： Roughness and texture analyses are an important topic for process development of high efficiency solar cells. Especially, strong improvement in Jsc was obtained by proper texturing of c-Si solar cells, which helped enhancing its infrared response. Usual pyramid size analysis relies on microscopy technique followed by image processing. One of the critical challenges to obtain an appropriate pyramid size distribution is to remove the initial contribution of background roughness, which is usually done by subtracting a polynomial background. This method holds strong limitation on physical meaning since the arbitrary chosen degree of the polynomial background will influence size distribution and can even provoke large errors. In this work, we present a method allowing to separate the contributions of different spatial frequencies and to filter the ones that need to be studied by applying Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). MountainsMap? software was used to study the roughness through a FFT treatment. A FFT spectrum was obtained in which selected frequencies were extracted to remove the noise and interferences from the initial confocal image. The resulted filtered topography image was obtained by the inverse FFT and analyzed to obtain the structural, morphological and geometrical characteristics of the surface. This methodology – applicable to several characterization methods – is particularly efficient when used with laser confocal scanning microscopy and opens the way to fast, automatic, accurate and non-destructive analysis that can be repeated at different positions of a sample with high throughput to enable statistical analysis.
关键词： topography analysis,Fast Fourier Transform,c-Si solar cells,roughness,texture
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Geometrical heterogeneity of the joint roughness coefficient revealed by 3D laser scanning
摘要： The joint roughness coefficient (JRC) is an important indicator that characterizes the physical and mechanical behaviors of a jointed rock mass. To investigate the distribution characteristics of the JRC, 31 joint samples belonging to the same joint group with dominant attitude of 209°∠71° were collected from the Guanshan railway tunnel, and the morphologies of the joint samples were digitized using 3D laser scanning. The JRC values in different directions were obtained based on the fractal theory, and the effects of sampling interval on JRC were assessed during the JRC calculation process. The results show that the sampling intervals of profile line and digital point both affect the calculated JRC values. With sampling interval increasing, there exists an obvious threshold above which the JRC value changes from constant to variable. It is found that, the JRC value keeps constant if the profile line sampling interval is smaller than the threshold value (4 mm), which is independent of the roughness degree of the joint. However, the threshold of digital point sampling interval is influenced by joint roughness and has a negative exponential relationship with the JRC value. According to the calculated results of JRC in different directions of the 31 joint samples, it is clear that the JRC values present significant anisotropy and large variation in certain directions. Meanwhile, it is verified that the JRC values in the same direction follow a log-normal distribution. The expected JRC values calculated depend on the probability density function are generally larger than the arithmetic mean values, with a maximum difference up to 23.1%. In consideration of natural distribution, the expected JRC values calculated from probability density function should be more reliable than the arithmetic mean values. Therefore, as a natural property of joint roughness, accurate understanding on the geometrical heterogeneity of JRC will have significant effects on the evaluation of mechanical effects of rock mass structure.
关键词： log-normal distribution,sampling effect,anisotropy,joint roughness coefficient
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Optimization of ultrafast laser parameters for 3D micromachining of fused silica
摘要： We present an optimization study on laser parameters for 3D micromachining of fused silica to achieve critical goals for practical applications including high surface quality, high volume production, and complex surfaces by ultrafast laser direct writing assisted chemical etching. We conducted experiments on laser pulse width of 300 fs and 1 ps, pulse energy ranging from 0.1 μJ to 1.6 μJ, three different polarizations (circular, parallel and perpendicular) and number of overlapped pulses from 3 to 10,000 at 1030 nm with up to 2 MHz repetition rate to investigate their effect on nanogratings and one dimensional (1D) channel and two dimensional (2D) planar surface selective etching on 1 mm thick fused silica. In one configuration, we achieved 21.8 nm RMS surface roughness with 80 μm Gaussian filtering and in another configuration, we estimated the maximum writing speed to be 1.25 m/s for given 2 MHz repetition rate with less than 400 nm filtered root mean square (RMS) surface roughness at a 1 mm2 area which covers the thickness of the glass.
关键词： 3D microfabrication,Direct writing,Roughness,Chemical etching,Selectivity,Ultrafast laser
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04