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[ACM Press the 4th International Conference - Moscow, Russian Federation (2018.06.25-2018.06.27)] Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Frontiers of Educational Technologies - ICFET '18 - Implementation and Statistics of Photovoltaic (Pv) Diesel Hybrid Solar System In Commercial Buildings of Pakistan
摘要： Pakistan is well known developing country in the world with a population of around 200 Million [1] with annual growth of 2.61 % [1] in 2017 and the energy demand gap of electrical power generation is 4500 to 5500 MWH [2] due to which a lot of load shedding occurs to cover the shortfall of energy crisis. This trend of energy crisis should be overcome and reduce by promoting solar system which can be drive independently with the help of generator sets by PV diesel hybrid solution. Environmental to non- protection concerns are gradually conventional generation of power in the whole world. Renewable energy sources (RES) with advanced technology plays a vital role in that sustainable increasing energy demand and burning of natural resources such as fossils fuels, coal etc. in the context of such environmental issue [3]. The renewable energy sources such as solar PV system is eco-friendly and less maintenance electrical power generation technique which can be synchronize with generator set to minimize the consumption of gas or diesel in the generator or shutdown the one generator in peak hours of solar system to reduce the cost of fuels of generator such as gas, diesel and other resources and decrease the foot prints of carbon dioxide from the environment. In this research paper the 200 kWp PV diesel hybrid solar system in Dream world resort Karachi Pakistan has been analyzed. This paper provides the working principal of PV diesel hybrid system and the energy generation from simulation report and the online portal that is realistic energy generation at site and the reduction of carbon dioxide foot prints from the environment in comparison of different energy generation resources.
关键词： Energy,Generation,Hybrid,environment,Gensets,Green Energy,Carbondioxide,Photovoltaic,Diesel
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Optimization of Laser Therapy Parameters in Dependence of Spot Size
摘要： Recently, the laser therapy for a treatment of the skin lesions of the vascular origin has gained a substantial development, and progress in the technical area. The vascular lasers, particularly the CANDELA Vbeam Perfecta, which is a part of this research has been equipped by a system of the dynamical cooling, called DCD leading to a higher patient’s comfort during the examination. In the most of the vascular lasers, it was allowed for settings of the pulse length up to 40 ms. By this way, the hematomas are reduced after the treatment, and mostly the skin is only getting red. For a reason of a complexity of the CANDELA Vbeam Perfecta settings, on a demand of the physicians, the user environment has been developed serving for an automatic parameters calculation of the laser therapy, and possibilities of alternative settings for same laser energy. The software environment has been designed in the MATLAB. The SW has been tested in the clinical conditions of the University Hospital of Ostrava.
关键词： SW environment,CANDELA Vbeam Perfecta,skin lesions,MATLAB,Laser
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2019 20th International Symposium on Power Electronics (Ee) - Novi Sad, Serbia (2019.10.23-2019.10.26)] 2019 20th International Symposium on Power Electronics (Ee) - Simulation-Based Energy Assessment of PV Systems Installed in an Urban Environment
摘要： In this paper, a stochastic simulation procedure for energy assessment of PV systems is developed and tested. The method is especially adequate for urban applications since the impact of surrounding obstacles both for direct and diffuse irradiance is taken into account. The main input is the system location along with its monthly average irradiance and temperature statistics. Based on the input data, the program generates a set of random years represented by hourly sequences of global horizontal irradiance and ambient temperature. The generated sequences are then converted into the module plane-of-array irradiance and module temperature time series and, consequently, the AC energy production is estimated for each simulated year. The final results are presented in a form of probability density function of the system annual energy output.
关键词： Photovoltaic (PV),probabilistic analysis,obstacles,energy production estimation,urban environment
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Synthesis and characterization of SnO2 nanofiller from recycled expanded polystyrene
摘要： Polymer waste that has been viewed as a major threat to our environment is currently gaining attention as valuables resources are being obtained from it. Researchers are now developing nanocomposites/blends from plastic wastes as a way of recycling waste plastic rather than employing incineration and landfilling methods of recycling that are not environmentally friendly. The utilization of nanofiller to recycle waste polymers will enhance the mechanical, thermal and optical properties of the recycled polymers that are repeatedly degraded when they are managed via incineration and landfilling. The aim of this study is to prepare and characterize SnO2 nanofiller from recycled expanded polystyrene (rEPS) polymer wastes (PWs). A product was obtained, and it was characterized using BET, SEM and XRD. The BET showed microporous adsorption with surface area as 3.5880 m2/g, pore size 5.47314 m and the pore volume 0.004909 cm3/g, the SEM analysis showed spherical-shaped particles between 5 μm and 50 μm and the XRD indicated that the material is crystalline with tetragonal shape. This work showed a perfect way of upcycling waste polymers in a cost-effective manner and subsequently having the properties enhanced.
关键词： polymer wastes,SnO2,nanofillers,Environment,recycled expanded polystyrene
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Fatigue Strength of Laser Beam Welded Steel-Aluminium Joints Considering Variable Amplitude Loading and Corrosive Environment
摘要： Hybrid material combinations of steel and aluminium are currently being joined by explosive welding in ship design, in order to reduce fuel consumption and increase transport weight. As an alternative to the elaborate and expensive explosive welding, a replacement for steel-aluminium adapters by means of laser beam welding in a lap joint configuration is being aimed at. Therefore, a laser beam welding process has been developed and optimised with regard to the different melting points and coefficients of thermal expansion of the materials as well as the formation of intermetallic phases due to the limited solubility of the elements. The characteristic of the weld seam, which is the result of a melt pool through the steel into the aluminium material, has a major impact on the quasi-static and cyclic strength of the joint. Especially the weld width and penetration depth have been identified as main influencing parameters. In the end, the developed laser beam welding process under spectroscopic control of the penetration depth is validated by fatigue investigations of lap joints and compact designed adapters. In addition to the fatigue strength under constant amplitude loading (CAL), the fatigue performance under variable amplitude loading (VAL) is particularly promising, even though the scatter increases from CAL to VAL and a linear damage accumulation is not applicable. A change in the fracture behaviour is explained by the intensity of the loading. Finally, the corrosion fatigue behaviour is shown by constant amplitude loading in a corrosive environment with a sodium chloride solution of 5 %, which causes a strength reduction from high cycle to long life fatigue.
关键词： steel-aluminium joint,ship building,corrosion fatigue,explosion welding,laser beam welding,lap joint,corrosive environment,ship design,constant amplitude loading,variable amplitude loading,compact adapter,fatigue assessment
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Photo‐oxidation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) films intended for photovoltaic backsheet
摘要： The photodegradation of 36 μm thick poly(ethylene terephthalate) ?lm under arti?cial weathering conditions has been investigated. A weatherometer was used to expose samples to a broad wavelength range of light in an oxidative environment, replicating outdoor exposure. Irradiations were also performed using UV lamps of wavelengths 302 and 365 nm light, in an oxidative environment. After exposure, the extent of degradation was determined using attenuated total re?ectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, diffuse re?ectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, ?uorescence spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, contact angle measurements, and scanning electron microscopy. Results show the production of a series of degradation products, including carboxylic acid end groups, anhydrides, aldehydes, quinones, and monohydroxy terephthalate groups.
关键词： poly(ethylene terephthalate),photodegradation,UV lamps,weatherometer,oxidative environment,degradation products
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Scintillation of laser beams carrying orbital angular momentum propagating in a near-maritime environment
摘要： Laser beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) were propagated in a near-maritime environment along an 890 meter link across the Severn River at the United States Naval Academy. The OAM beams were generated using green light ( ?? = 532 nm) and etched spiral phase plates with different topological charges. The light intensity fluctuations of Gaussian and beams carrying OAM with topological charges of 1, 6, and 8 were measured and the scintillation indices of each beam were compared. Additionally, atmospheric turbulence was measured using a co-aligned scintillometer along the 890 meter propagation path. During testing, a wide range of atmospheric conditions occurred and the refractive index structure parameter measurements ranged from 5 × 10?14 down to 5 × 10?15 m ???∕??. Our measurements of transmitted voltage in the radial intensity across the maritime link, and calculated scintillation index, for the Gaussian beam and laser beams carrying OAM indicate a weak reduction in scintillation index for increasing topological charge. To reduce the measurement uncertainty and improve upon statistical significance of our findings, additional testing is needed.
关键词： Orbital angular momentum,OAM,Scintillation,Laser propagation,Near-maritime environment
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Selective Chemical Enhancement via Graphene Oxide in Infrared Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy
摘要： Graphene oxide (GO) as a readily prepared graphene derivative comprises negatively charged oxygenated functional groups, and a mixture of sp2 and sp3 carbon domains. In comparison with hydrophobic graphene, GO is characterized by superior water dispersibility, and may non-covalently interact with a significantly wider range of molecules. Taking advantage of GO and infrared attenuated total reflection spectroscopy (IR-ATR), an efficient strategy enabling unprecedented absorption signal amplification via chemical enhancement of various molecular species in aqueous environment was demonstrated in this study. The evolution of selectively enhanced molecular fingerprints across the entire mid-infrared spectral range was in situ monitored in real time, while retaining the characteristic molecular IR absorptions, and confirms the utility of GO as a suitable and versatile material in surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRA) scenarios.
关键词： Infrared attenuated total reflection spectroscopy,Graphene oxide,Chemical enhancement,Aqueous environment,Surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Efficacy of a novel ultraviolet light-emitting diode device for decontamination of shared pens in a health care setting
摘要： Shared pens and styluses are a potential source for transmission of health care?associated pathogens and respiratory viruses in health care facilities. A novel ultraviolet light-emitting diode device was effective in reducing bacteria and viruses inoculated on pens and in reducing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus transferred to pens by colonized patients. The device could be useful in reducing the risk of transmission of pathogens by shared writing utensils.
关键词： Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,Candida auris,Vancomycin-resistant enterococci,Bacteriophage MS2,Environment
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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A light salad [LED lighting applications in horticulture]
摘要： With their low energy usage, reduced heat output and the ability to control the light colour they emit, LEDs are poised to revolutionise the horticulture industry. This article explores the benefits of LED technology in vertical farming, including faster growth cycles, reduced water usage, and the elimination of pesticides. It also discusses the potential for custom-designed produce through controlled light exposure and the current economic challenges facing the adoption of LED technology in horticulture.
关键词： energy efficiency,LED,vertical farming,horticulture,controlled environment agriculture
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22