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Multi-modulated photochromic behavior of a D-A type dithienylethene
摘要： The development of multiresponsive photochromic materials is of increasing interest for their potential application in the complicated chemical and biological environment. Here, a novel D-A type dithienylethene derivative NDM, in which dimethylamino group acted as both electron donor (D) and recognition moiety for H+, and the dicyanovinyl group functioned as electron acceptor (A) and responsed to cyanide anion, has been designed and synthesized. And its structure was confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS (ESI). As expected, dithienylethene NDM exhibited distinctive multi-modulated photochromic properties by solvent, acid and cyanide anion stimulation. Moreover, NDM can be acted as a potential fluorescent turn-on pH-sensor and colorimetric sensor for CN- in biological field.
关键词： solvent,multi-modulated,dithienylethene,acid,photochromism,cyanide anion
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Achieving efficient green-solvent-processed organic solar cells by employing ortho-ortho perylene diimide dimer
摘要： The lack of electron acceptors with suitable green solvent processing and excellent device performance is an important problem that hinders the development and commercialization of organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, an ortho-ortho perylene diimide (PDI) dimer (oo-2PDI) is developed and used as an acceptor for use in efficient green-solvent-processed (GSP) OSCs. By using chlorobenzene (CB), anisole, and ortho-xylene as the processing solvents, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 5.04%, 5.03%, and 5.78% were achieved without the additive, respectively. In addition, the non-fullerene oo-2PDI-based GSPOSCs show superior photovoltaic performance to [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)-based GSPOSCs under identical conditions. Therefore, these results demonstrate the possibility of achieving efficient non-fullerene GSPOSCs.
关键词： Electron acceptor,Perylene diimide,Green solvent,Ortho-ortho dimer,Organic solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Effects of solvent additives on the morphology and transport property of a perylene diimide dimer film in perovskite solar cells for improved performance
摘要： Perylene diimide derivatives (PDIs) are a kind of very promising non-fullerene electron transport material for organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PerSCs), owing to their excellent photoelectric properties and low-cost synthesis. However, their tendency to form aggregates strongly influences the film morphology and transport properties. Herein, we provided a simple way to tune the morphology and transport properties of PDIs by solvent additive engineering. A series of solvent additives (1,8-diiodooctane, 1-chloronaphthalene, 1-phenylnaphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene) was investigated for their role in the morphology and transport property of PDI dimer (Bis-PDI-T-EG) film as well as on the photovoltaic performance of PerSCs. Among these four solvent additives, 1-methylnaphthalene (MN) was found one of the best additive that possesses good adjusting ability to control both morphological and electrical properties of Bis-PDI-T-EG film. The fabricated PerSCs with optimized Bis-PDI-T-EG + 0.05 v/v% MN electron transport layer (ETL) displayed the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.96%. The performance of PerSCs was further improved by adding 0.05 wt% graphene together with 0.05 v/v% MN, and the maximum PCE of 15.11% was achieved.
关键词： Solvent additives,Graphene,p-i-n,Planar perovskite,Perylene diimide,Solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Light-Triggered Reversible Self-Engulfing of Janus Nanoparticles
摘要： Block copolymers containing azobenzene liquid crystalline (LC) mesogen are used to prepare snowman-like Janus nanoparticles (NPs) by emulsion solvent evaporation. The azobenzene-containing poly(methacrylate) (PMAAz) head of the Janus NPs is in the smectic LC phase with ordered stripes, which becomes amorphous and enlarged due to trans/cis transformation under UV irradiation. The expanded PMAAz can consequently engulf the other head. The self-engulfed NPs can recover to their original state in both shape and LC state via visible-light irradiation. This strategy is promising for programmable load and release of different payloads by remote trigger using light.
关键词： emulsion solvent evaporation,azobenzene,liquid crystalline,Block copolymers,Janus nanoparticles,programmable load and release,UV irradiation,visible-light irradiation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Inorganic and Pb-Free CsBi <sub/>3</sub> I <sub/>10</sub> Thin Film for Photovoltaic Applications
摘要： Computational, thin-film deposition and characterization approaches have been used to investigate the all inorganic lead-free CsBi3I10 as a candidate thin-film photovoltaic absorber. In this paper, CsBi3I10 was firstly predicted with a layer crystal structure of stable hexagonal phase like Cs3Bi2I9 and then prepared by one-step coating also showing the high purity hexagonal phase and crystallinity, very consistent with the theoretical calculation. After solvent annealing, a high absorption coefficient of approximately 105 cm?1 in visible light and a suitable optical bandgap of 1.78 eV were obtained for CsBi3I10 thin film. The solar cell based on CsBi3I10 perovskite thin film exhibited high power conversion efficiency of 1.05%, good reproducibility, hysteresis-freeness, and long-term stability. These results indicate that the performance of all-inorganic Pb-free perovskite solar cells can be further improved.
关键词： thin-film photovoltaic absorber,perovskite solar cells,CsBi3I10,solvent annealing,lead-free
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Effect of Solvent Additives on the Morphology and Device Performance of Printed Non-fullerene Acceptor Based Organic Solar Cells
摘要： Printing of active layers of high-efficiency organic solar cells and morphology control by processing with varying solvent additive concentrations are important to realize real-world use of bulk-heterojunction photovoltaics as it enables both, up-scaling and optimization of the device performance. In this work, active layers of the conjugated polymer with benzodithiophene units PBDB-T-SF and the non-fullerene small molecule acceptor IT-4F are printed using meniscus guided slot-die coating. 1,8-diiodoctane (DIO) is added to optimize the power conversion efficiency (PCE). The effect on the inner nano-structure and surface morphology of the material is studied for different solvent additive concentrations with grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Optical properties are studied with photoluminescence (PL), UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy and external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements and correlated to the corresponding PCEs. The addition of 0.25 vol% DIO enhances the average PCE from 3.5 to 7.9 % whereas at higher concentrations the positive effect is less pronounced. A solar cell performance of 8.95 % is obtained for the best printed device processed with an optimum solvent additive concentration. Thus, with the large-scale preparation method printing similarly well working solar cells can be realized as with the spin-coating method.
关键词： slot-die coating,solvent additives,small molecule acceptor,high-efficiency organic solar cells,printed organic solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Simultaneous improvement of three parameters using binary processing solvent approach in as-cast non-fullerene solar cells
摘要： As-cast polymer solar cells without any additive and pre- or post-treatment principally are of high compatibility with mass production technologies, whose efficiencies are typically promoted by new donor and acceptor materials. In this work, a binary solvent approach using chloroform (CF) of low boiling point as good solvent for both polymer donor PTQ10 and non-fullerene acceptor IT-4Cl and mesitylene (MES) of relatively high boiling point as a semi-orthogonal co-solvent due to weaker solubility to the acceptor is explored. Due to the selective orthogonality of MES to the IT-4Cl acceptor, an optimized morphology has been realized for the as-cast device based on the PTQ10:IT-4Cl blend, which leads to a simultaneous improvement in the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and fill factor, finally achieving a high as-cast efficiency of over 13%. Furthermore, the as-cast devices fabricated with the binary solvent can exhibit good air stability and great accessibility in large area cells. Our findings provide an alternative guideline for the optimization of the as-cast polymer solar cells.
关键词： polymer solar cells,morphology optimization,non-fullerene acceptor,binary solvent,as-cast
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Realizing the ultimate goal of fully solution-processed organic solar cells: a compatible self-sintering method to achieve silver back electrode
摘要： It is commonly believed that the ultimate goal of high throughput production of organic solar cells (OSCs) is the fully solution process in the fabrication. While it is highly desirable to form metal back electrodes to complete OSCs by solution process instead of high-vacuum evaporation to realize the goal, the complex solvents used in typical metal precursor solution and the post-treatment required such as high-temperature annealing will easily damage active layers and degrade OSC performances. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) for evaporation-free OSCs have only achieved 8%. Besides, there are limited studies that provide clear evidence to successfully eliminate the solvent issue brought by the directly solution-processed metal back electrode. In this work, we demonstrate a compatible self-sintering approach to connect silver nanoparticles into high-quality back electrode. The as-achieved film exhibits continuous crystal lattice, high purity, excellent conductivity and smooth morphology. Interestingly, since the self-sintering back electrode process is finished in short time and uses chemically compatible solvent, it will not degrade the organic active layer and favor high throughput OSCs fabrication. With the back electrode, the fully solution-processed OSCs achieve a PCE of 9.73% which is the highest reported PCE in evaporation-free OSCs to our best knowledge.
关键词： Solution process,minimum solvent issue,mild chemical sintering,organic solar cells,back electrode
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Controlled Fabrication of Flower-Shaped Aua??Cu Nanostructures Using a Deep Eutectic Solvent and Their Performance in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering-Based Molecular Sensing
摘要： Controlled synthesis of anisotropic bimetallic nanostructures with tunable morphology is of great current interest in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), plasmonics, and catalysis. Despite huge effort that has been devoted so far, fabrication of bimetallic nanostructures with controlled morphology and size remained to be a great challenge, especially when their shapes are anisotropic. Here, we report a facile, one-step synthetic approach for the fabrication of anisotropic bimetallic gold?copper nanostructures (Au?Cu NSs) of the 200?300 nm size range, using choline chloride/urea (ChCl/urea)-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) as the soft template. A concentration of the CuCl2 precursor in the reaction mixture was found to impact the reduction kinetics of the metal ions, directly affecting the final morphology of the Au?Cu nanostructures and elemental distributions in them. The fabricated anisotropic Au?Cu NSs revealed a high SERS signal for crystal violet (CV) molecules adsorbed at their surfaces, with the signal enhancement factor as high as 0.21 × 106 and capacity of detecting CV molecules of concentrations as low as 10?10 M in their aqueous solutions. The growth mechanism of the anisotropic bimetallic nanostructures in DES and their SERS performance has been discussed. The simple DES-assisted synthesis strategy presented in this work can be adopted for large-scale nonaqueous fabrication of other bimetallic nanostructures in a quite “greener” way.
关键词： deep eutectic solvent,plasmonics,catalysis,anisotropic bimetallic nanostructures,Au?Cu nanostructures,surface-enhanced Raman scattering
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Synthesis and Characterization of Wide-Bandgap Conjugated Polymers Consisting of Same Electron Donor and Different Electron-Deficient Units and Their Application for Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells
摘要： Substantial development has been made in nonfullerene small molecule acceptors (NFSMAs) that has resulted in a significant increase in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of nonfullerene-based polymer solar cells (PSCs). In order to achieve better compatibility with narrow-bandgap nonfullerene small molecule acceptors, it is important to design the conjugated polymers with a wide bandgap that has suitable molecular orbital energy levels. Here two donor–acceptor (D–A)-conjugated copolymers are designed and synthesized with the same thienyl-substituted benzodithiophene and different acceptors, i.e., poly{(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl)-alt-(1,3-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-dithieno[3′,2′:3,4;2″,3″:5,6]benzo[1,2-d]imidazol-2-one-5,8-diyl)} (DTBIA, P1) and poly{(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl)-alt-(2-(5-(3-octyltridecyl)thiophen-2-yl)dithieno[3′,2′:3,4;2″,3″:5,6]benzo[1,2-d]thiazole-5,8-diyl)} (TDTBTA, P2) (and their optical and electrochemical properties are investigated). Both P1 and P2 exhibit similar deeper highest occupied molecular orbital energy level and different lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level. Both the copolymers have complementary absorption with a well-known nonfullerene acceptor ITIC-F. When blended with a narrow-bandgap acceptor ITIC-F, the PSCs based on P1 show a power conversion efficiency of 11.18% with a large open-circuit voltage of 0.96 V, a Jsc of 16.89 mA cm?2, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.69, which is larger than that for P2 counterpart (PCE = 9.32%, Jsc = 15.88 mA cm?2, Voc = 0.91 V, and FF = 0.645). Moreover, the energy losses for the PSCs based on P1 and P2 are 0.54 and 0.59 eV, respectively. Compared to P2, the P1-based PSCs show high values of incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) in the shorter-wavelength region (absorption of donor copolymer), more balanced hole and electron mobilities, and favorable phase separation with compact π–π stacking distance.
关键词： solvent vapor annealing,polymer solar cells,nonfullerene acceptors,wide-bandgap polymers
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57