- 标题
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- 实验方案
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A hybrid nanomaterial with NIR-induced heat and associated hydroxyl radical generation for synergistic tumor therapy
摘要： Although photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are widely commended for tumor treatment recently, they still suffer severe challenges due to the non-specificity of photothermal agents (PTAs)/photosensitizers (PSs) and hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Here, an oxygen independent biomimetic nanoplatform based on carbon sphere dotted with cerium oxide and coated by cell membrane (MCSCe) was designed and synthesized with good biocompatibility, homologous targeting ability, and improved photophysical activity. Notably, MCSCe could realize accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in tumor cells and hyperthermia under single laser (808 nm) irradiation, which were simultaneously utilized by itself to produce more toxic hydroxyl radical (·OH). Resultantly, the synergistic therapeutic effect against tumor cells was obtained under near infrared (NIR) laser irradiation.
关键词： cerium oxide,H2O2 self-accumulation,cell membrane,tumor therapy,carbon sphere
更新于2025-11-21 11:01:37
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Paracatadioptric camera calibration using sphere images and common self-polar triangles
摘要： Camera calibration is an indispensable step in achieving stratified three-dimensional reconstruction. In the imaging model of the unit viewing sphere of a central catadioptric camera, there exists a pair of common self-polar triangles between a pair of antipodal sphere images and the image of the great circle on the base plane, so the vertices of the common self-polar triangles can be obtained. According to the imaging characteristics of the sphere on the unit viewing sphere, the line connecting the two common poles outside the conics is a vanishing line, enabling the imaged circular points to be determined. Finally, the intrinsic parameters of the paracatadioptric camera can be found using constraints between the imaged circular points and the image of the absolute conic. Since the boundary points of the sphere image can be almost completely extracted, the curve fitting accuracy can be improved. Experiments with simulated as well as real data demonstrated that our method is feasible and effective.
关键词： Camera intrinsic parameters,Paracatadioptric camera,Imaged circular points,Sphere image,Common self-polar triangle
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Quantum Sphere-Packing Bounds with Polynomial Prefactors
摘要： We study lower bounds on the optimal error probability in classical coding over classical-quantum channels at rates below the capacity, commonly termed quantum sphere-packing bounds. Winter and Dalai have derived such bounds for classical-quantum channels; however, the exponents in their bounds only coincide when the channel is classical. In this paper, we show that these two exponents admit a variational representation and are related by the Golden-Thompson inequality, reaf?rming that Dalai’s expression is stronger in general classical-quantum channels. Second, we establish a ?nite blocklength sphere-packing bound for classical-quantum channels, which signi?cantly improves Dalai’s prefactor from the order of subexponential to polynomial. Furthermore, the gap between the obtained error exponent for constant composition codes and the best known classical random coding exponent vanishes in the order of o(log n/n), indicating our sphere-packing bound is almost exact in the high rate regime. Finally, for a special class of symmetric classical-quantum channels, we can completely characterize its optimal error probability without the constant composition code assumption. The main technical contributions are two converse Hoeffding bounds for quantum hypothesis testing and the saddle-point properties of error exponent functions.
关键词： Hoeffding bounds,classical-quantum channels,symmetric channels,quantum sphere-packing bounds,polynomial prefactor,error probability,saddle-point properties,finite blocklength
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Functionalization of silicon nanowires by iron oxide and copper for degradation of phenol
摘要： Iron oxide (Fe3O4) and copper-functionalized silicon nanowires (SiNWs) from silicon powder mesh < 500 with a spherical structure have been successfully synthesized as a heterogeneous catalyst for the degradation of phenol. This synthesized catalyst was prepared by nanosilicon wire powders. SiNWs have attracted much attention due their potential application in nanoscale devices such as field effect transistors, chemical or biological sensors, battery electrodes and photovoltaics. The SiNW properties were reinforced by functionalization. The synthesis of this catalyst was done by an in situ method for the decoration of SiNWs. Magnetic metal oxide compounds have been chosen not only to accelerate the catalyst recovery but also to improve the time duration of pollution elimination. Also, Cu nanoparticles were added in order to evaluate the catalytic property. In this work, the maximum amount of phenol degradation was obtained near 99.99%. Hybrid surface morphologies were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, the Brunauer–Emmette–Teller model and high-performance liquid chromatography.
关键词： Mesoporous,Fe3O4–Cu-SiNWs catalyst,Phenol degradation,Sphere
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Arbitrarily accurate variable rotations on the Bloch sphere by composite pulse sequences
摘要： Composite pulse sequences, which produce arbitrary prede?ned rotations of a two-state system at an angle θ on the Bloch sphere, are presented. The composite sequences can contain arbitrarily many pulses and can compensate experimental errors in the pulse amplitude and duration to any desired order. A special attention is devoted to two classes of π/2 sequences—symmetric and asymmetric—the phases of which are given by simple formulas in terms of rational multiples of π for any number of constituent pulses. This allows one to construct arbitrarily accurate π/2 composite rotations. These π/2 composite sequences are used to construct three classes of arbitrarily long composite θ sequences by pairing two π/2 composite sequences, one of which is shifted by a phase π ? θ with respect to the other one.
关键词： Bloch sphere,quantum control,composite pulses,error compensation,pulse sequences
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 Cross Strait Quad-Regional Radio Science and Wireless Technology Conference (CSQRWC) - Xuzhou (2018.7.21-2018.7.24)] 2018 Cross Strait Quad-Regional Radio Science and Wireless Technology Conference (CSQRWC) - Gaussian Beam Scattering from a Sphere on or Near a Plane Surface
摘要： A theoretical procedure is presented for calculating the scattered fields from a sphere on or near a plane surface. The incident Gaussian beam is expanded in series of cylindrical vector wave functions, and the scattered as well as internal fields in series of spherical ones. By using the boundary conditions and the method of moments technique, the unknown expansion coefficients are determined. Numerical results of the normalized differential scattering cross section are given, and the scattering characteristics are discussed concisely.
关键词： sphere above a plane surface,Scattering,Gaussian beam
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA) - Changchun (2018.8.5-2018.8.8)] 2018 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA) - Research on Imaging Model and Unwrapping Algorithm of Catadioptrio-mnidirectional Vision System
摘要： This paper discuss some key techniques of the single view point (SVP) catadioptric-omnidirectional Vision System: the system composition, the optical imaging principle, the unified-sphere imaging model based on spherical projection and the image unwrapping methods. The unified imaging model is analyzed and deduced. The comparison experimental results of the panoramic image unwrapping methods based on different projection models shows that the cylindrical expansion algorithm based on the unified-sphere imaging model can obtain the undistorted images quickly and easily, which is more suitable for real-time tasks.
关键词： omnidirectional vision,image expansion,image processing,unified sphere imaging model
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Protein-Protein Interactions of Highly Concentrated Monoclonal Antibody Solutions via Static Light Scattering and Influence on the Viscosity
摘要： The ability to design and formulate mAbs to minimize attractive interactions at high concentrations is important for protein processing, stability and administration, particularly in subcutaneous delivery, where high viscosities are often challenging. The strength of protein-protein interactions (PPI) of an IgG1 and IgG4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) from low to high concentration were determined by static light scattering (SLS) and used to understand viscosity data. The PPI were tuned using NaCl and five organic ionic co-solutes. The PPI strength was quantified by the normalized structure factor S(0)/S(0)HS and Kirkwood-Buff integral G22/G22,HS (HS = hard sphere) determined from the SLS data, and also by fits with (1) a spherical Yukawa potential and (2) an interacting hard sphere (IHS) model, which describes attraction in terms of hypothetical oligomers. The IHS model was better able to capture the scattering behavior of the more strongly-interacting systems (mAb and/or co-solute) than the spherical Yukawa potential. For each descriptor of PPI, linear correlations were obtained between the viscosity at high concentration (200 mg/mL) and the interaction strengths evaluated both at low (20 mg/mL) and high concentration (200 mg/mL) for a given mAb. However, the only parameter that provided a correlation across both mAbs was the oligomer mass ratio (moligomer/mmonomer+dimer) from the IHS model, indicating the importance of self-association (in addition to the direct influence of the attractive PPI) on the viscosity.
关键词： Protein-protein interactions,static light scattering,co-solutes,monoclonal antibody,viscosity,interacting hard sphere model,Yukawa potential
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Visible Light Driven Hydrogen Evolution by Molecular Nickel Catalysts with Time-Resolved Spectroscopic and DFT Insights
摘要： Hydrogen (H2) is a clean fuel that can potentially be a future solution for the storage of intermittent renewable energy. However, current H2 production is mainly dominated by the energy intensive steam reforming reaction, which consumes a fossil fuel, methane, and emits copious amounts of carbon dioxide as one of the byproducts. To address this challenge, we report a molecular catalyst that produces H2 from aqueous solutions, is composed of affordable, earth-abundant elements such as nickel, and has been incorporated into a system driven by visible light. Under optimized conditions, we observe a turnover number of 3880, among the best for photocatalytic H2 evolution with nickel complexes from water?methanol solutions. Through nanosecond transient absorption, electron paramagnetic resonance, and UV?vis spectroscopic measurements, and supported by density functional theory calculations, we report a detailed study of this photocatalytic H2 evolution cycle. We demonstrate that a one-electron reduced, predominantly ligand-centered, reactive Ni intermediate can be accessed under visible light irradiation using triethylamine as the sacrificial electron donor and reductive quencher of the initial photosensitizer excited state. In addition, the computational calculations suggest that the second coordination sphere ether arms can enhance the catalytic activity by promoting proton relay, similar to the mechanism among [FeFe] hydrogenases in nature. Our study can form the basis for future development of H2 evolution molecular catalysts that incorporate both ligand redox noninnocence and alternative second coordination sphere effects in artificial photosynthetic systems driven by visible light.
关键词： Proton relay,Second coordination sphere,DFT calculations,Time-resolved spectroscopy,Visible light photocatalysis,Hydrogen evolution,Molecular nickel catalysts
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Optical properties of blueberry flesh and skin and Monte Carlo multi-layered simulation of light interaction with fruit tissues
摘要： One of the major issues of fresh blueberry production is the excessive bruising caused by mechanical impact during harvesting and packaging, which substantially lowers fruit quality and therefore compromises consumer satisfaction as well as the profitability for growers. Spectroscopy and imaging techniques such as hyperspectral imaging have great potential to detect and quantify internal bruises in fruit. It is important to measure the fundamental optical properties of blueberry tissues to better employ spectroscopy or imaging techniques. The aim of this study was to obtain the absorption coefficient (μa), reduced scattering coefficient (μs'), and scattering anisotropy (g) of blueberry flesh and skin in the spectral regions of 500–800 nm and 930–1400 nm and investigate the light propagation model of blueberries using Monte Carlo multi-layered (MCML) simulation. The total reflectance, total transmittance, and collimated transmittance of blueberry flesh and skin with three treatments (non-bruised, 30-min bruised, and 24-h bruised) were collected using a single integrating sphere-based spectroscopic system. Using the collected spectra, the inverse adding-doubling (IAD) method was applied to calculate μa, μs', and g. Results indicated that the differences between bruised (30 min and 24 h) and non-bruised flesh samples for both μs' and g were significant from 930 nm to 1400 nm. Microscope images revealed that the differences were caused by the damaged and ruptured cellular structure of bruised flesh. Although μa, μs', and g showed significant differences between non-bruised and bruised (30 min and 24 h) flesh in the spectral region of 400–700 nm, the MCML simulation results showed that this spectral region is not effective in detecting bruises due to strong absorption and backward scattering of the blueberry skin. In contrast, the absorption effect of the skin in the near infrared range (930–1400 nm) was small, allowing light to penetrate and interact with the flesh. Therefore, the near infrared spectral region is an effective spectral range for inspecting bruised blueberries using either reflectance or transmittance method. This study reported the optical properties of blueberry skin and flesh with varying degree of bruising for the first time and simulated photon interaction with fruit tissues for bruising detection using MCML. These findings would provide guidance to develop non-destructive sensing methods for blueberry internal bruising detection.
关键词： Bruising detection,Integrating sphere,Inverse adding-doubling (IAD)
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29