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Molecular engineering of highly efficient dopant-free spiro-type hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cells
摘要： Up to now, the most efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs) typically utilize Spiro-OMeTAD as hole transporting materials (HTMs). The unique “spiro” structure offers appropriate energy levels for hole transfer and high thermal stability with suppressed aggregation. However, the pristine Spiro-OMeTAD requires additional oxidizing dopants to work efficiently due to its low hole mobility. To retain the advantages of spiral structure and overcome its shortcomings, we demonstrate the design of three dopant-free HTMs with spiral structure by molecular engineering, in which three groups with different conjugated lengths, namely benzene, naphthalene and anthracene, are inserted between spiral core and electron donor. These designed molecules, Y-1~Y-3, are initially identified with quantum chemical calculations based on the mother molecule X59 and then are obtained by easy synthetic routes. Our studies show that the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) states are formed in the designed molecules due to the introduction of conjugated groups, which produces a self-doping effect without the need to add any external dopant. The best-performing PSCs using the dopant-free Y-1 as HTM achieves a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.29% under one sun illumination, which is higher than that of devices with X59 as dopant-free HTMs (14.64%). The present work provides an effective strategy for designing, synthesizing of highly efficient and stable dopant-free HTMs.
关键词： Perovskites solar cells,Dopant-free,Hole-transporting materials,Quantum chemical calculations,Spiral structure
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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factors from a deep-subwavelength spoof plasmonic structure
摘要： Superscattering is usually described as a scattering cross section, induced by degenerate resonances, that exceeds the single-channel limit of a subwavelength scatterer. It has important applications in sensing, bioimaging, and emissions amplification. The quality factor (Q factor) of superscattering plays a significant role in the performance of these practical applications, yet it has not been extensively investigated. Here, we used a spoof plasmonic spiral structure on a deep-subwavelength scale to achieve multifrequency superscattering with a high Q factor. Based on eigenmode analysis, we found that those eigenmodes supported in the spoof plasmonic spiral structure not only had very high Q factors, but also exhibited natural degeneracy at high spiral degrees. We also discuss the influence of structural variation and practical material loss of the spiral structure on the performance of the superscattering. Results indicated that multifrequency, high-Q superscattering was refractory to the structural variation and practical material loss of the spiral structure. Our work should anticipate future sensitive and versatile optical devices based on high-Q superscattering from the microwave to the terahertz wave band.
关键词： Q factor,spoof plasmonic spiral structure,superscattering,multifrequency,deep-subwavelength
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Archimedean Spiral Inspired Conductive Supramolecular Elastomer with Rapid Electrical and Mechanical Self-Healing Capability for Sensor Application
摘要： In addition to flexibility and stretchability, self-healing capability will become another characteristic for next-generation electronics and devices. However, developing electronic materials with both good mechanical and electrical self-healing abilities still remains a great challenge yet an exciting goal. Herein, a new kind of self-healing conductive elastomer via alliance of supramolecular chemistry and Archimedean spiral-structure design is reported to break the trade-off between mechanical and electrical healing capabilities. The spirally structured conductive layout enables the material to rapidly self-heal both mechanical (within 15 s) and electrical (within 0.25 s) damages with high efficiency, while without sacrificing the softness and stretchability of the self-healing elastomer matrix. As a proof-of-concept, such materials can be used to fabricate self-healable wearable sensors for monitoring diverse human activities. The rapidly, efficiently, mechanically, and electrically self-healing materials demonstrated in this work facilitate the design and application of a wide range of stretchable and reliable electronic devices.
关键词： supramolecular elastomer,dynamical cross-linking,sensor,spiral structure,self-healing
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36