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Electric field assisted spray coated lead free bismuth iodide perovskite thin film for solar cell application
摘要： Solution-processed Methylammonium iodo bismuthate (MBI) perovskite solar cell is fabricated by spray technique with changed applied voltages from 0 to 1000 V during the deposition of MBI thin film. The morphology and surface roughness of MBI films are influenced significantly by the electric field during film deposition. It is attributed to improve the atomization of spray droplets due to process of coulomb fission. The surface roughness of MBI film is reduced from 39 to 19 nm with increased applied voltages during the deposition from 0 V and 1000 V, respectively. A strong absorption band is observed ～500 nm for all MBI films. The MBI perovskite solar cell is showed enhancement in the efficiency with the maximum current density 2.33 mA/cm2 at 1000 V applied voltage during the deposition. The improvement in photovoltaic characteristics with applied voltage during the film deposition is attributed to the formation of more uniform film with improved surface morphology and roughness, resulting in efficient electron transfer and reduced recombination of charge carrier at grain boundaries.
关键词： Methyl ammonium bismuth (III) iodide,Spray deposition,Perovskite solar cell,Electric filed,Lead free perovskite
更新于2025-11-21 11:18:25
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Spray pyrolysis synthesis of mesoporous TiO2 microspheres and their post modification for improved photocatalytic activity
摘要： Mesoporous TiO2 microspheres were prepared by spray pyrolysis for photocatalysis. Post modification of TiO2 by heat treatment was performed to optimize its photocatalytic performance. First, spherical TiO2 particles with mesoporous structure were synthesized at pyrolysis temperatures of 500, 600, and 700 oC. After characterization by XRD, SEM, and N2 adsorption, a sample prepared at 500 oC was found to possess desirable properties for photocatalytic performance through post-modification. In methylene blue degradation, mesoporous TiO2 microspheres synthesized at 500 oC outperformed other microspheres. Furthermore, samples obtained by spray pyrolysis at 500 oC were calcined at various temperatures as a post-modification process. The sample calcined at 350 oC showed improved photocatalytic activity due to optimal anatase crystallinity and surface area.
关键词： Spray Pyrolysis,MB Degradation,Post Modification,Mesoporous TiO2 Spheres
更新于2025-11-21 10:59:37
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The coherence between TiO2 nanoparticles and microfibrillated cellulose in thin film for enhanced dispersal and photodegradation of dye
摘要： Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) was used to enhance the dispersal and photocatalytic properties of TiO2 nanoparticles. With the small amount of MFC (0.1 wt.% or 0.3 wt.%), TEM images showed that particle agglomeration was greatly minimized due to the coherence between TiO2 nanoparticles and MFC. The surface area and pore volume of TiO2 nanoparticles was enhanced as proven in N2 adsorption-desorption analysis. Thermogravimetric and Fourier transform infrared spectra further confirmed the presence of MFC in TiO2/MFC coating solution. Using commercial adhesive, TiO2 and TiO2/MFC were spray coated on polyvinyl chloride sheet. The photocatalytic thin films were examined using scanning electron microscope with Energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The presence of MFC was not only helpful to enhance particle dispersal but also supportive to increase the hydrophilicity of the thin film. In comparison to TiO2 coating, the films were capable to adsorb 50% more methylene blue in 90 min. TiO2/MFC coatings removed 90% of methylene blue dye in 90 min under UV irradiation.
关键词： Spray coating,Photocatalysis,Dye,TiO2 nanoparticles,Microfibrillated cellulose,Adsorption
更新于2025-11-19 16:56:35
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Morphology Tuning of ZnO/P3HT/P3HT-b-PEO Hybrid Films Deposited via Spray or Spin Coating
摘要： Hybrid films of zinc oxide (ZnO) and poly(3-hexylthiophen-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) show promising characteristics for application in hybrid bulk heterojunction solar cells (HBSCs). However, the incompatibility of ZnO and P3HT may lead to a reduced interface area, thus reducing the probability of exciton separation and consequently lowering solar cells efficiencies. Here, a diblock copolymer P3HT-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is introduced to improve the interface between ZnO and P3HT. ZnO is synthesized via a block copolymer assisted sol-gel approach and the used zinc precursor is directly incorporated into the PEO blocks. Thus, the possibility of aggregation is reduced for both, the inorganic and the organic components and a good intermixing is ascertained. Two deposition methods, namely spray and spin coating are compared with respect to the resulting film structure, which is investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and time-of-flight grazing-incidence small-angle neutron scattering (TOF-GISANS) measurements. Both, the surface and inner morphologies reveal that the spin coated samples possess smaller and less diverse domain sizes than the sprayed films. Due to the advantage of spray coating in large-scale production, the morphology of the sprayed samples is tailored more meticulous by changing the weight fraction of ZnO in the films. The sprayed hybrid films show smaller domains and less aggregation with decreasing amount of ZnO. This reveals that both, the deposition method and composition of the ZnO/P3HT/P3HT-b-PEO hybrid films play an important role for the film morphology and thus for improving the performance of HBSCs in future application.
关键词： spray coating,morphology,spin coating,ZnO/P3HT/P3HT-b-PEO,TOF-GISANS
更新于2025-11-14 15:19:41
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTOELECTRONIC AND NANO MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY (icONMAT 2019) - Kerala, India (3–5 January 2019)] - Effect of substrate temperature on spray coated PEDOT:PSS thin film morphology for organic solar cell
摘要： The effect of substrate temperature on the spray coated poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT: PSS) hole transport layer (HTL) is explored in terms of morphological, electrical and photovoltaic characterization. The substrate temperature is varied in three steps 100, 150 and 200°C during the spray deposition of PEDOT: PSS thin film layer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy images reveal that for the substrate temperatures of 100°C and 150°C, the morphology of PEDOT: PSS layer is improved and further increasing the temperature to 200°C, voids and cracks are formed in the films. These voids and cracks influence the conductivity of PEDOT: PSS layer which reduces from 4.7 for 150°C to 3.9 S/cm for 200°C. Organic solar cells (OSCs) using PTB7:PC71BM absorber layer on the spray coated PEDOT:PSS HTL show an efficiency increase from 2.34 for 100°C to 2.88% for 150°C and then decrease to 1.88% for 200°C.
关键词： substrate temperature,spray coating,PEDOT:PSS,morphology,organic solar cells
更新于2025-10-22 19:40:53
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Effect of Substrate Temperature on Properties of Nickel Oxide (NiO) Thin Films by Spray Pyrolysis
摘要： NiO thin films were deposited on a glass substrate and investigated for the physical properties optimized through substrate temperature (350–390°C) using a spray pyrolysis technique. The effect of substrate temperature on deposited NiO thin film was studied by thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis, X-diffraction (XRD), field electron scanning electron microscopy, optical absorption and electrical measurement techniques. XRD analysis indicates that NiO thin films are of a polycrystalline cubic structure. Optical properties are calculated with help of transmittance and absorbance data in the wavelength range between 200 nm and 900 nm. The optical band gap energy values increased from 3.1 eV to 4.0 eV with substrate temperature. Further, the extinction coefficient, refractive index, and real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant and optical conductivities of NiO thin films were calculated. The electrical resistivity measurement shows conductivity of the NiO thin film increased with increase in substrate temperature.
关键词： composition,spray,semiconducting behavior,electrical properties,NiO
更新于2025-10-22 19:40:53
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Encapsulated Textile Organic Solar Cells Fabricated by Spray Coating
摘要： Solution based processes such as screen printing and spray coating are established processes for fabricating organic solar cells (OSCs) on flexible polymer substrates. However, realizing a flexible solar cell on a textile substrate remains a significant challenge due to the properties of the textile itself, which can present an absorbent, rough and fibrous surface. The textile also limits processing temperatures which can reduce functional materials performance. In this work, we demonstrate an optimized fabrication approach using entirely spray coating to fabricate textile OSCs with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.4 %. An interface layer is first deposited on the standard woven textile that forms a smooth supporting layer for the subsequent spray coated functional layers. A top encapsulation layer is deposited on top of the fabricated textile OSCs, which improves the durability and life time of the OSCs is evidenced by cyclic bending test.
关键词： Textile solar cells,solution processed fabric solar cells,spray coated solar cells,printed organic photovoltaics,fabric solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Electrochromic performance of chromium-doped Co3O4 nanocrystalline thin films prepared by nebulizer spray technique
摘要： Pristine and chromium (Cr)-doped tricobalt tetraoxide (Co3O4) thin films were grown on glass and FTO substrates by nebulized spray pyrolysis technique. The structural, optical and electrical properties of the pristine and Cr-doped Co3O4 films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Raman, and four-probe method. The chemical environment of the elements present in the films was identified from energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The effect of chromium doping on optical constants is discussed in detail. The electrochromic studies reveal that better optical modulation (?T = 38.3%) and high coloration efficiency (CE = 47 cm2/C) were obtained for 6 at. % of Cr-doped Co3O4 film. The present work suggests that incorporation of Cr in Co3O4 will enhance its electrochromic performance.
关键词： Nebulized spray pyrolysis,Electrochromism,Cr-doped Cobalt oxide,Optical properties
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Time stability of carbon nanotube gas sensors
摘要： In this communication, we report on the long-term stability of a carbon nanotube (CNT) thin-film based NH3 gas sensor. These sensors were fabricated with a reproducible, large-scale, low-cost spray deposition process and are examined in terms of NH3 sensitivity and long-term stability. The devices are measured directly after fabrication; 1-year and 4-years post fabrication while being stored in ambient conditions without further encapsulation. The retainment of up to 96% of response demonstrates the stability of such CNT-based devices. Hence, it solves a critical issue for stepping beyond the proof of concept stage. Not only can CNT-based gas sensors be utilized for years, but such sensors also do not require any special recalibration over the years.
关键词： single-walled,NH3,CNT,aging,spray deposition
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Effect of Nd doping on structural and opto-electronic properties of CdO thin films fabricated by a perfume atomizer spray method
摘要： A perfume atomizer-assisted spray pyrolysis method was employed to fabricate undoped and neodymium (Nd)-doped cadmium oxide (CdO) thin films. X-ray diffraction results reveal that all the films are polycrystalline with a cubic structure with a preferential orientation along the (200) direction. Scherrer’s formula was used to calculate the crystallite size of Nd-doped CdO films. Energy dispersive spectroscopy results show that Cd, Nd and O elements are present in Nd-doped CdO thin films. The optical absorption of the doped films is increased along with increasing Nd-doping level. The prepared CdO thin films have a high absorption coefficient in the visible region and the optical band gap is decreased on increasing Nd doping content. The electrical carrier concentration (n) of the deposited films is increased with increasing Nd doping concentration. Photoconductivity studies of a nanostructured Al/Nd–n-CdO/p-Si/Al device showed a non-linear electric characteristics indicating diode-like behaviour. Prepared Nd:CdO films could increase the photo-sensing effect of this n-CdO/p-Si heterostructure. These Nd-doped CdO thin films may open a new avenue for photodiode application in near future.
关键词： optical and electrical properties,Nd:CdO,thin films,spray using perfume atomizer
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52