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Synthesis, optical and optoelectrical analysis of the Cu2CoSnS4 thin films as absorber layer for thin-film solar cells
摘要： In this work, the optical and optoelectrical characterizations of the quaternary kesterite Cu2CoSnS4 (CCTS4) thin films were studied. The polycrystalline CCTS4 films have prepared by the spray pyrolysis method at four different thicknesses (160 nm, 230 nm, 297 nm and 345 nm). The X-ray diffraction charts demonstrated that the as-prepared CCTS4 films have a polycrystalline nature with tetragonal single phase. The linear optical parameters of the CCTS4 films were computed by finding the transmission and reflection data. The magnitudes of the absorption coefficient for the CCTS4 films were high in the order of 105 cm?1 while the energy gap of the CCTS4 films has been reduced from 1.41 to 1.12 eV by raising the film thickness. The optical conductivity and the Urbach energy of the CCTS4 films were computed from the absorption coefficient data. In addition, the nonlinear optical parameters represented in the nonlinear refractive index n2 and the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility χ(3) of the CCTS4 films were boosted with rising up the film thickness.
关键词： optoelectrical properties,thin films,optical properties,Cu2CoSnS4,spray pyrolysis
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2020 IEEE Latin America Electron Devices Conference (LAEDC) - San Jose, Costa Rica (2020.2.25-2020.2.28)] 2020 IEEE Latin America Electron Devices Conference (LAEDC) - New Deposition Technique for Inverted Polymer Solar Cells Using ZnO-ETL
摘要： In this research work, efficient inverted polymer solar cells (iPSCs) were fabricated for the first time using simple and low cost spray pyrolysis (SP) technique to deposit ZnO thin film as electron transporting layer (ETL) with the structure of ITO/ZnO/PTB7-Th: PC70BM/V2O5/Ag. The effect of the different number of running cycles with the SP technique on the iPSC performance has been investigated. In addition, a state of the art for iPSCs fabricated by spin coating technique has been used as reference. In the spray pyrolysis technique, ZnO thin films were fabricated by spraying the ZnO precursor solution onto the pre-heated ITO substrate. Two different numbers of running cycles of ZnO were performed, namely, 15R and 20R. By increasing the running cycles of the sprayed ZnO film, the fill factor and the power conversion efficiency were enhanced by 20% and 32 %, respectively. This improvement might be attributed to enhancing the roughness with compacted film formation and the matched band gap between the active layer (PTB7-Th: PC70BM) and the ZnO-ETL. Hence, this promising spray pyrolysis technique might facilitate the commercialization of polymer solar cells based on mass production besides the possibility of improving its efficiency.
关键词： Polymer solar cells,Spray pyrolysis technique,Zinc Oxide deposition,Electron transporting layer
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Effect of Mg dopant on SnO <sub/>2</sub> thin films grown by spray pyrolysis technique
摘要： The undoped and magnesium (Mg)-doped Tin (IV) oxide (SnO2) thin films were grown on glass substrate by spray pyrolysis technique. In order to observe the effect on the optical, structural, morphological, and hydrogen (H2) gas answer properties of SnO2 by Mg doping, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), ultraviolet–visible (UV) spectrometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and hydrogen (H2) gas, measurements were taken. The absorption measurements of undoped and Mg-doped SnO2 thin films demonstrated that band gaps varied with the changing Mg dopant ratio and this variation may be from Burstein–Moss (BM) effect. XRD measurements showed that the samples were tetragonal structures and have (110), (101), (200), (211), (220), (310) planes. The surface morphology of SnO2 showed that samples was affected considerably by Mg dopant. The H2 gas sensor response improves with the increase of 1%, 2% and 3% Mg doping ratio in SnO2.
关键词： H2 sensor.,Mg-doped SnO2,spray pyrolysis technique
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Structural, Morphological, Optical, and Electrical Characterization of Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide (FTO) Thin Films Synthesized by PSP
摘要： This paper reports a study of Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide (FTO) thin films deposited by the Pneumatic Spray Pyrolysis (PSP) technique. The films were deposited on glass substrates at 450°C with a ~125 nm thickness, using an F/Sn ratio of 0, 0.2, 0.35, 0.5, 0.65 and 0.85, respectively. The samples were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), UV-visible Spectroscopy and Hall Effect techniques, respectively. XRD results revealed that the FTO thin films were polycrystalline with a tetragonal rutile-type structure and had preferential orientations along (110) planes. SEM studies showed that FTO thin film morphology was totally affected by an increased F/Sn ratio. The calculated grain mean sizes were 10-35 nm. Optical transmittance spectra of the films showed a high transparency of approximately 80-90 % in the visible region. The optical gap of FTO thin films was in a 3.70-4.07 eV range. Electrical and optical properties of these films were studied as a function of the F/Sn ratio. Therefore, the optimal FTO (F/Sn = 0.5) films revealed a maximum value of the figure of merit approximately 8.05 × 10-3 (Ω-1) at λ = 400 nm. The high-conducting and transparent-elaborating FTO thin films may have several promising applications due to its multifunctional properties.
关键词： Pneumatic Spray Pyrolysis (PSP),FTO,Thin films
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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AIP Conference Proceedings [AIP Publishing THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (ICAST 2019) - Karbala City, Iraq (27–28 March 2019)] THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (ICAST 2019) - Investigations of ZnO-NiO/PSi heterojunction for solar cell application
摘要： In this paper, ZnO-NiO nanocomposite has been successfully synthesized using chemical precipitation method .The structural properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction ( XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) . XRD measurements confirms the formation of polycrystalline ZnO and NiO nanoparticles with a hexagonal and cubic structure respectively. The average grain size of ZnO-NiO nanocoposite estimated from FESEM was 60 nm . Heterojunction solar cell fabricated using ZnO-NiO nanocomposite on porous silicon by spray pyrolysis method shows open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 470 mV, short-circuit current density (ISC) of 39 mA/cm2, fill factor (FF) of 78.72% , and efficiency of 14.43%.
关键词： porous silicon,solar cell,chemical precipitation,ZnO-NiO nanocomposite,spray pyrolysis
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Effect of Solvent on the Characteristic Properties of Nebulizer Spray Pyrolyzed Cu2ZnSnS4 Absorber Thin Films for Photovoltaic Application
摘要： Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films are the most promising absorber layer for thin film solar photovoltaics. The nebulizer assisted spray pyrolysis technique was employed to deposit the CZTS absorber thin films on bare soda lime glass substrate at a temperature of 350°C without annealing and sulfurization. Different solvents such as Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Ethylene diamine, 2-Methoxy ethanol and Water were used. The influence of these solvents on the structural, morphological, compositional, optical and electrical properties were studied using an X-ray diffractometer, Raman spectrometer, Scanning electron microscope annexed with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, Atomic force microscope, UV-vis spectrophotometer and a digital current source meter. The X-ray diffraction pattern reveals the formation of CZTS in all the solvents with preferential peak along [112] direction and the size of the crystallites is found to vary from 21 nm for DMSO to 34 nm for water. Raman analysis exhibited a phase pure film for all the solvents except the film prepared from DMSO which reveals a peak for the presence of Cu2S. The morphological and compositional analysis shows better texture with uniform coverage on the glass substrate and off stoichiometric ratio for all the deposited films. From the optical analysis it is seen that the prepared films show a broad absorption spectra in the visible region and the band gap was found to lie in the range of 1.15 eV to 1.51 eV. The current voltage characterization in dark shows significant increase in current with the applied voltage for all the films with DMSO film recording the lowest. Hall measurements revealed a carrier concentration of 1.93x1018 cm-3, mobility of 13.67 cm2/V s and a conductivity of 42.27 x10-2 ?-1 cm-1 for water. From this study, we infer that the CZTS film deposited using precursor solution derived from water exhibits phase purity along with enhanced photovoltaic properties at a substrate temperature of 350°C through nebulizer assisted spray pyrolysis technique.
关键词： Solar cell,Cu2ZnSnS4,Nebulizer assisted spray pyrolysis,Characterization,Thin film,Effect of solvent
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Cd2SnO4/CdS/Cu2O/Ag solar cell obtained by chemical techniques
摘要： By first time Cd2SnO4/CdS/Cu2O/Ag heterojunctions were studied for their application in solar cells. The heterostructure was deposited on glass-substrate and obtained by chemical techniques: i) Cd2SnO4 as TCO by sol-gel, ii) CdS as n-layer by chemical bath deposition and iii) Cu2O as p-layer by spray pyrolysis. The thicknesses of the Cd2SnO4 and CdS layers were 290 nm and 135 nm, respectively. Different thicknesses of Cu2O (τ) were used to study the effect of this parameter on the solar cell performance (135, 185, 220, 350 and 800 nm). The best photovoltaic parameters were obtained with τ= 220 nm achieving an VOC=346 mV, JSC=1.57 mA/cm2, FF=33.4 and η=0.18 %. External quantum efficiency shows current generated at energy values below Cu2O and CdS band gaps.
关键词： Cu2O/CdS,chemical techniques,solar cell,quantum efficiency,Spray pyrolysis
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Bifacial IFO/(n+pp+)Cz-Si/ITO solar cells with full-area Al-alloyed BSF and Ag-free multi-wire metallization suitable for low-concentration systems
摘要： Bifacial solar cells have received considerable attention due to the potential to achieve higher energy yield compared to monofacial cells. However, in bifacial cells, p+-Si layers are usually produced by boron diffusion, which makes such cells more expensive compared to monofacial cells with a full-area screen-printed Al-alloyed Al-p+ back-surface-field (BSF). Recently, we have demonstrated proof-of-concept that bifacial cells, which, in addition, are also suitable for application in low-concentration systems (3–6 suns), can be produced from commercially available, standard monofacial SiNx/(n+pp+)Cz-Si/Al structures with full-area Al-p+-BSF. For this purpose, the residual Al paste was removed and a number of solar cells were prepared differing in the sheet resistance of the Al-p+-BSF (Rp+), which was varied from 14 Ω/sq to 123 Ω/sq by thinning the Al-p+ layer using one-sided etch-back process. Thinning of the Al-p+-BSF significantly improved the efficiency under 1-sun front/rear-side illumination: from 16.0%/7.5% (at Rp+ = 14 Ω/sq) to 17.5%/11.2% (at Rp+ = 81 Ω/sq). The equivalent efficiency at 1-sun front illumination and 20/50% albedo of 1-sun illumination increased from 17.7%/20.1% (at Rp+ = 14 Ω/sq) to 19.9%/23.5% (at Rp+ = 81 Ω/sq). In this paper, we present the results of systematic study of the developed bifacial cells. Thinning-induced changes in the properties of the cells are analyzed in detail. The critical aspects which might explain the performance of the developed cells are addressed. In addition, bifacial cells are compared with standard monofacial cells fabricated using the precursor of the same batch.
关键词： Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis,Transparent conductive oxide,Ag-cost reduction,Bifacial concentrator silicon solar cell,Multi-wire metallization,Al-alloyed BSF
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Spray pyrolysis deposited CuSbS2 absorber layers for thin-film solar cells
摘要： CuSbS2 thin films were fabricated by spray pyrolysis from metal chloride aqueous solutions, followed by a post-deposition sulfurization step. The structural, chemical, optical and electrical properties of CuSbS2 and the effect of various sulfurization temperatures on CuSbS2 thin film have been systematically studied. We used a two-step sulfurization method. Step 1 at lower temperature was to encourage complete saturation of the as-deposited film with sulfur vapor. And step 2 at higher temperature was to promote the formation and crystallization of CuSbS2. The sulfurization temperature of step 2 is very important for the formation of device-grade CuSbS2 films. With the increase in sulfurization temperature, impurities such as Sb2S3 decreased and the crystallinity of CuSbS2 improved. Until 400 °C, impurities disappeared and phase-pure well-crystallinity CuSbS2 thin films were obtained. When the sulfurization temperature is higher than 400 °C, CuSbS2 gradually changes to Cu3SbS4. The CuSbS2 films sulfurized at 400 °C with optimum band gap of 1.53 eV are p type, and absorption coefficient is larger than 105 cm?1 in the visible light wavelength range. The temperature dependence of electrical conductivity of CuSbS2 has been studied for the first time. At measurement temperatures higher than 140 K the electrical conductivity of the CuSbS2 film is dominated by band conduction and nearest neighbor hopping (NNH). However, at temperatures below 140 K the conduction is predominantly affected by variable range hopping (VRH). Finally, thin-film solar cells based on the sprayed CuSbS2 absorber layers with a maximum photoelectric conversion efficiency of 0.34% have been fabricated.
关键词： sulfurization,CuSbS2,thin-film solar cells,spray pyrolysis,electrical conductivity
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Sulfur Alloying Effects on Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 Solar Cell Fabricated by Using Aqueous Spray Pyrolysis
摘要： We fabricated Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGSSe) solar cells by using aqueous spray based deposition, which is low-cost and advantages in large area deposition. To apply the sprayed film to photo-absorber of solar cell, post sulfo-selenization was carried out. Through the sulfo-selenization process, we were able to fabricate various S-alloyed CIGSSe films from S/(S+Se)=0 (S-0.0) to S/(S+Se)=0.4 (S-0.4). CIGSSe solar cells were made with the S-alloyed CIGSSe absorbers. Power conversion efficiency of CIGSSe solar cell was found to be increased with S-alloying up to S-0.3, and the best efficiency of 10.89 % was obtained with S-0.3 CIGSSe absorber. Comparison study of S-alloyed CIGSSe solar cells showed that enhanced efficiency in S-0.3 solar cell is due to the increased open circuit voltage and improved fill factor, which is induced by S-alloying. In addition, admittance spectroscopy revealed that defect density of deep level was developed in the S-alloyed S-0.3 CIGSSe absorber. But defect density was observed to be rather reduced. Details of characterization and analysis results are discussed in this paper.
关键词： Band Gap Tuning,Spray Pyrolysis,Sulfur Alloying,CIGSSe,Solar Cell
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52