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Highly Transparent and Surface-Plasmon-Enhanced Visible-Photodetector Based on Zinc Oxide Thin-Film Transistors with Heterojunction Structure
摘要： Highly transparent zinc oxide (ZnO)-based thin-film transistors (TFTs) with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) capable of detecting visible light were fabricated through spray pyrolysis on a fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate. The spray-deposited channel layer of ZnO had a thickness of approximately 15 nm, and the thickness exhibited a linear increase with an increasing number of sprays. Furthermore, the ZnO thin-film exhibited a markedly smoother channel layer with a significantly lower surface roughness of 1.84 nm when the substrate was 20 cm from the spray nozzle compared with when it was 10 cm away. Finally, a ZnO and Au-NP heterojunction nanohybrid structure using plasmonic energy detection as an electrical signal, constitutes an ideal combination for a visible-light photodetector. The ZnO-based TFTs convert localized surface plasmon energy into an electrical signal, thereby extending the wide band-gap of materials used for photodetectors to achieve visible-light wavelength detection. The photo-transistors demonstrate an elevated on-current with an increase of the AuNP density in the concentration of 1.26, 12.6, and 126 pM and reach values of 3.75, 5.18, and 9.79 × 10?7 A with applied gate and drain voltages. Moreover, the threshold voltage (Vth) also drifts to negative values as the AuNP density increases.
关键词： gold-nanoparticles,phototransistors,plasmonic energy detection,spray pyrolysis,zinc oxide-based thin-film transistors
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Experimental and theoretical studies of CuInS2 thin films for photovoltaic applications
摘要： CuInS2 thin films were synthesized by spray pyrolysis. The films were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and spectrophotometer (UV–Vis). The structural studies reveal that CuInS2 thin films are of chalcopyrite phase. The complex dielectric constants (εr and εi), the refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k), absorption coefficient (α), gap energy (Eg), and the optical conductivity (σ) were calculated. The obtained results are suitable for photovoltaic applications. To confirm our experimental results, a series of Ab initio calculations was performed. The generalized gradient approximation and the mBJ potential for the exchange–correlation potential have been used to calculate the band structure, density of states, charge density, and optical properties of CuInS2.
关键词： thin films,optical properties,CuInS2,Ab initio calculations,spray pyrolysis,photovoltaic applications
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Investigation on structural, optical and photovoltaic properties of Barium doped cuprous oxide thin films by nebulizer spray technique
摘要： In present work, pure and barium (Ba) doped cuprous oxide (Cu2O) films are coated on heated glass substrate by Nebulizer spray technique (NST) by taking different doping concentration (0%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) of Ba. The XRD, AFM, optical, electrical resistivity and solar cell studies of pure and Ba doped samples were discussed. The XRD pattern confirms the polycrystalline cubic structure with a preferred (111) plane orientation. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals the spherical shape nano particles. The Raman analysis confirmed the cuprous oxide phase of prepared films. The Optical analysis was revealed the decreasing in band gap with increasing barium doping concentration. The photoluminescence studies confirmed the single emission peak obtained at 630 nm for all the films corresponds to Cu2O phase. The electrical resistivity is found to be 0.45 × 102 Ω cm for 7% Ba doped Cu2O thin film and the photovoltaic properties of the fabricated solar cell i.e. FTO/n-ZnO/p-7% Ba:Cu2O/Ag was formed for 7% Ba: Cu2O thin film. Further, the efficiency of the fabricated solar cell is found to be 0.85%.
关键词： solar cell,Barium doped,AFM studies,spray pyrolysis,electrical measurements
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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AIP Conference Proceedings [AIP Publishing 15th International Conference on Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems (CPV-15) - Fes, Morocco (25–27 March 2019)] 15th International Conference on Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems (CPV-15) - Electrical and optical analysis of a spray coated transparent conductive adhesive for two-terminal silicon based tandem solar cells
摘要： This work presents the results of the electrical and optical characterization of a new transparent conductive adhesive (TCA) that combines the techniques of spray pyrolysis and a sol-gel like process. This approach is of particular interest since the adhesive itself forms both the electrical and the mechanical interconnection of the bonded sub-cells. The electrical and optical characterization of the developed TCA shows a minimum connecting resistivity of 17 ?cm2 and a simulated reflection at the Si-TCA interface of ≈ 20%. By coating both substrate surfaces with a TiO2 anti reflection coating (ARC), the reflectance at the Si-TCA interface was successfully reduced down to <5%. The efficiency potential of a glued dual junction device was simulated in dependence of the electrical and optical properties of the TCA. The reported values of 17 ?cm2 connecting resistivity and 20% reflection limit the device efficiency to 22.3% (71% of the maximum achievable efficiency). Reducing the reflection to below 5%, as practically demonstrated in this paper, allows to increase this value to 25.3% (>80% of maximum), while additionally reducing the connecting resistivity to 10 ?cm2 or 1 ?cm2 allows for a further increase to 27.3% and 30.0%, respectively.
关键词： reflection losses,sol-gel process,tandem solar cells,connecting resistivity,TiO2 anti reflection coating,electrical characterization,transparent conductive adhesive,optical characterization,spray pyrolysis
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Dependence of Photovoltaic Properties of Spray-Pyrolyzed F-Doped SnO2 Thin Film on Spray Solution Preparation Method
摘要： Spray pyrolysis deposition of SnCl2.2H2O- and NH4F-containing solution is an appropriate method for deposition of ?uorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), which has extensive applications in photovoltaic devices. According to a literature review, several spray preparation methods have been studied. These methods lead to both precipitated and unprecipitated spray solutions. Precipitated and unprecipitated solutions were used for deposition of FTO thin ?lms. FTO obtained from unprecipitated solution yielded the lowest sheet resistance and resistivity, which was due to its highest electron concentration (ne). However, precipitation had no in?uence on electron mobility. The x-ray diffraction patterns of precipitates showed the presence of Sn- and F-containing compounds, which implied partial depletion of F and Sn from solutions. As a result, a lower amount of F(cid:2) ions was incorporated into FTO, which led to lower ne. In addition, partial depletion of Sn led to slightly smaller FTO thickness. Finally, FTO thin ?lm deposited from unprecipitated solution gave the highest ?gure of merit. This means that precipitation in the precursor solution has deleterious effects on electrical and optical properties.
关键词： Fluorine-doped tin oxide,spray pyrolysis deposition,transparent conducting oxide,thin ?lm
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Structure–Activity/Stability Correlations from the Electrochemical Dynamic Responses of Titanium Anode Coatings Formed of Ordered TiO <sub/>2</sub> @RuO <sub/>2</sub> Microspheres
摘要： Spherical TiO2/RuO2 particles were synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) at 200 and 800?C. The activity for the oxygen and chlorine evolution reactions (OER and CER, respectively) and the dynamic responses from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of the USP powders, as well as of the corresponding coatings on Ti, were analyzed and are discussed. The loss of coating activity is discussed with respect to the differences in the EIS and cyclic voltammetry responses of the coatings in their active and inactive states. The 800?C-USP sample was found to be more active than the 200?C-USP sample for both the CER and the OER, whereas the stability of the former was considerably lower. The correlation between the structure, composition and morphology of the powder and the coating with the registered electrochemical properties is discussed. The EIS analysis of the coating resistance distributions induced by the thermal treatment of the powder indicated a complex combination of the pore resistance and the pseudocapacitive charge transfer resistance. An additional coating resistance, due to loose grain boundaries, was introduced into the coatings in their active and inactive state. The EIS analysis indicated the changes in TiO2-enriched core/RuO2-enriched shell structure, caused by the USP temperature.
关键词： TiO2/RuO2,cyclic voltammetry,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,oxygen evolution reaction,chlorine evolution reaction,ultrasonic spray pyrolysis,coating stability
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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On the preparation of Tri-vanadium hepta-oxide thin films for electrochromic applications
摘要： Nanostructured Tri-vanadium hepta-oxide (V3O7) thin films for electrochromic devices having high optical modulation, enhanced optical density, multi-coloration, fast switching time, and better reversibility, were prepared by nebulizer spray pyrolysis technique with 400 oC substrate temperature. A monoclinic structured, V3O7 films having nano rod-like morphology have been observed from structural and surface morphological analyzes, respectively. Surface chemical analyzes revealed the mixed vanadium oxidation states that favored the formation of relatively stable V3O7 thin films. Electrochromic performance of the films was examined by electrochemical cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies with multiple CV scan rate. The multiple peaks present in the anodic and cathodic curves prove the multi-coloration behavior of the films with appreciable optical modulation in the visible range of light.
关键词： V3O7,Nano rod structure,Multicolor display,Nebulizer Spray Pyrolysis
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Cross-Section Analysis of the Composition of Sprayed Cu <sub/>2</sub> ZnSnS <sub/>4</sub> Thin Films by XPS, EDS, and Multi-Wavelength Raman Spectroscopy
摘要： A detailed cross-section analysis of the chemical composition of sprayed Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films is presented. X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy (with near-IR, visible, and UV-lasers) are used to demonstrate that while CZTS effectively forms within the bulk of the film, there is some degree of element segregation, formation of undesirable secondary phases, and the presence of a disordered kesterite structure across the film. Different penetration depths of the excitation signals correspond to the many different surface sensitive techniques employed in this work. XPS results reveal that the surface of Cu4ZnSnS4 (CZTS) films presents a high concentration of tin and zinc and a low sulfur concentration, while being highly depleted in copper. EDS, XRD, and infrared Raman spectroscopy confirm that the composition of as-sprayed and sulfurized films is close to stoichiometric Cu2ZnSnS4. Resonant UV-Raman spectroscopy helps to identify secondary phases located at the external surface of sprayed and sulfurized CZTS films (mainly ZnS, ZnO), while VIS-Raman spectroscopy helps to identify a disordered kesterite structure close to the surface. Secondary phases need to be chemically etched when aiming at incorporating kesterite films obtained by spray pyrolysis into photovoltaic devices.
关键词： multi-wavelength Raman spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,spray pyrolysis,thin films,kesterite
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Fabrication of Thin Functional Films by Solution Aerosol Thermolysis (SAT)
摘要： The technique of air-pressurized solution spray pyrolysis was used to fabricate thin films of La0.75Sr0.25MnO3 (LSM) and CuO-CeO2 on dense YSZ substrates. These films are widely used in several applications such as high temperature ceramic electrochemical cells, membranes and sensors. The technique was tailored to produce films with differing morphologies and thicknesses in terms of applied substrate deposition temperatures. The droplet drying and decomposition kinetics is discussed as a function of substrate temperature, given the other processing parameters (i.e. nozzle to substrate distance, solution flow rate, air pressure/air flow rate and deposition time) constant. A graph-map is drawn containing morphology and quality of fabricated films in terms of substrate temperatures and concentration levels for this particular set of precursor salts in aqueous solutions. Within the deposition temperature range examined, film thicknesses were found to decrease with increasing substrate temperature along with a concomitant change in quality from irregular texture to smoother and of more uniform thickness. A maximum deposition temperature of about 280?C was identified for 0.025M concentration for both types of films which correlates quite well with the Leidenfrost point measured in the literature for solvents with boiling point less than 150?C.
关键词： YSZ substrates,spray pyrolysis,thin films,LSM,CuO-CeO2,solution aerosol thermolysis
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Substrate temperature-dependent properties of sprayed cobalt oxide thin films
摘要： Cobalt oxide (Co3O4) thin films were deposited onto amorphous glass substrates using a home-made pneumatic spray pyrolysis system (SPT) from aqueous solution of cobalt chloride salt (CoCl2) as a source of cobalt. The films were deposited at different substrate temperatures ranging from 250 to 450?°C in steps of 50?°C. The effect of substrate temperature on structural, electrical and optical properties was studied. The characterization of samples was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy and four probe points measurements. The XRD study showed that all the films were polycrystalline consisting of Co3O4 spinel cubic phase. The preferred orientation of the crystallites changed from (311) to (111) when the substrate temperature increases. The average calculated grain size was about 40.38?nm. Morphological studies exposed that the films surface morphology is almost homogeneous and well-covered. Peaks associated with Co and O elements are present in EDS analysis witch confirm the composition of the films. The optical transmittance and the band gaps energy increase with the increase of substrate temperature. The measured electrical conductivity at room temperature was found in the order of 10?1 (??cm)?1.
关键词： Thin films,Substrate temperature,Cobalt oxide,Spray pyrolysis,Structural properties,Optical properties,Electrical properties
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36