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Iminocoumarin-based red to near-infrared fluorescent turn-on probe with a large Stokes shift for imaging H2S in living cells and animals
摘要： The development of organic dye-based fluorescent probes for detection of H2S in living systems has attracted considerable attention in recent years. In this work, a novel tetrahydroquinoxaline iminocoumarin-based red to near-infrared (red-to-NIR) fluorescent probe was developed for detection of H2S. This probe shows a rapid and distinct red-to-NIR fluorescent turn-on detection process for H2S with high selectivity and sensitivity (the detection limit was determined to be as low as 10 nM at physiological pH). In addition, this probe exhibits a remarkable large Stokes shift (128 nm) and low cytotoxicity, and can be applied for imaging H2S in living cells and animals. All these results demonstrated that this new probe is promising for detection of H2S both in vitro and in vivo.
关键词： large Stokes shift,hydrogen sulfide,living cells and animals,near-infrared fluorescent probe,iminocoumarin
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Theoretical Insights on Nonlinear Response Theory of Fluorescence Spectroscopy in Liquids
摘要： Correlations between the nonequilibrium solvation dynamics upon the photon excitation of the chromophore and system’s equilibrium fluctuations are deeply studied. As linear response of the solvent has been linked with Gaussian statistics of the energy fluctuations in literatures, we specifically explore the cases beyond the regime of the linear response theory due to deviation from Gaussian fluctuations. As a continuation of our previous work, an analytical formalism is presented to project the energy shift with various order moments, where the non-Gaussian statistics arise from the overlap of the energy basins on the perturbed potential energy surface. It is shown that the nonequilibrium dynamics still correlate with the spontaneous regressions at equilibrium, and are controlled by the decay rates of those higher order components with the prevailing contributions to the energy shift. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed in the protein Staphylococcus nuclease, in which even the dynamics of the high order moments are available. The results further verify the above relationship. Our scheme is used to evaluate Stokes shift using the information of non-Gaussian statistics at equilibrium, thus presenting a broad picture on the correlation between the nonequilibrium process and equilibrium properties in liquids.
关键词： non-Gaussian statistics,solvation dynamics,equilibrium fluctuations,nonequilibrium dynamics,fluorescence Stokes shift
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14