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Unravelling the effect of charge dynamics at the plasmonic metal/semiconductor interface for CO2 photoreduction
摘要： Sunlight plays a critical role in the development of emerging sustainable energy conversion and storage technologies. Light-induced CO2 reduction by artificial photosynthesis is one of the cornerstones to produce renewable fuels and environmentally friendly chemicals. Interface interactions between plasmonic metal nanoparticles and semiconductors exhibit improved photoactivities under a wide range of the solar spectrum. However, the photo-induced charge transfer processes and their influence on photocatalysis with these materials are still under debate, mainly due to the complexity of the involved routes occurring at different timescales. Here, we use a combination of advanced in situ and time-resolved spectroscopies covering different timescales, combined with theoretical calculations, to unravel the overall mechanism of photocatalytic CO2 reduction by Ag/TiO2 catalysts. Our findings provide evidence of the key factors determining the enhancement of photoactivity under ultraviolet and visible irradiation, which have important implications for the design of solar energy conversion materials.
关键词： Ag/TiO2 catalysts,photocatalysis,plasmonic metal nanoparticles,sustainable energy,solar energy conversion,artificial photosynthesis
更新于2025-10-22 19:40:53
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Reliability and Ecological Aspects of Photovoltaic Modules || Emerging Thin Film Solar Panels
摘要： Utilizing of photovoltaics (PVs) has been rapidly developing over the past two decades due to its potential for transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy based economies. However, PVs as fuel less energy sources will be sustainable if some issues such as raw materials abundance, production cost, and environmental impacts carefully addressed in their value chains. Among PV technologies, thin film solar panels have been illustrated the potential to reach the sustainability. In this chapter we review some studies about environmental impacts of thin film PVs through life cycle assessment (LCA) and some environmental fate modeling. For the PV technologies, LCA studies need to be conducted to address environmental and energy impacts and encourage the development of PV technologies in a better sustainable way. Three methods of impact assessment in LCA are reviewed and compared, namely, Energy Payback Time (EPBT), Cumulative Energy Demand (CED), and Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emission rate, owing to data and information published in the literature. Generally, most results show promising potential of emerging thin film PVs, especially perovskite solar cells, to reach the best sustainable solution among PV technologies in near future.
关键词： perovskite solar cell,sustainable energy,emerging thin film photovoltaics,life cycle assessment,environmental impact
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Growth and Characterization of Cu2Zn1a??xFexSnS4 Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications
摘要： Photovoltaics is a promising technology to produce sustainable energy, thanks to the high amount of energy emitted by the sun. One way of having solar cells with low production costs is to apply thin-film technology and with earth-abundant raw materials. A keen interest is arising in kesterite compounds, which are chalcogenides composed of abundant and non-toxic elements. They have already achieved excellent performance at the laboratory level. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of mixed chalcogenides based on copper, zinc, iron, and tin. Solutions have been studied with different zinc and iron ratios. The distortion of the elementary cell of kesterite increases with the addition of iron until a phase transition to stannite occurs. The process of synthesis and deposition proposed herein is cheap and straightforward, based on the sol-gel technique. These thin films are particularly attractive for use in cheap and easily processable solar cells. The synthesized layers have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis absorption, and Raman, X-ray photoelectron, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements.
关键词： chalcogenide solar cells,iron chalcogenide,sustainable energy,kesterite,stannite
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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The transition towards a sustainable energy system in Europe: What role can North Africa's solar resources play?
摘要： Securing energy supply and speeding up the transition towards a reliable, sustainable, low-carbon energy system are among the major current and future challenges facing Europe. Importing dispatchable solar electricity from North Africa is considered as a potential and attractive option. Nevertheless, as things currently stand, the European Commission focuses mainly on the exploitation of the existing wind power potential in the North Sea, largely ignoring the solar power potential in the Sahara region of North Africa. After discussing the major challenges and issues facing Europe to achieve the assigned ambitious objectives, the paper emphasises the importance of North Africa's solar resources in helping Europe to successfully address the challenge of decarbonising its electricity system, in particular with regards to the security of supply and sustainability. Within these two major challenges, the paper explores the issues of access, barriers and opportunities. The paper highlights why the EU's energy and climate goals will not be achievable without adequate grid expansion and grid-scale energy storage facilities, as well as other innovative measures to manage demand and ensure a secure energy supply. In this respect, the paper shows how the import of dispatchable electricity from North Africa via specific HVDC links could play a key role in helping the EU achieve its energy targets in a cost-effective way without recourse to significant investments in transmission infrastructure and storage facilities. The paper then attempts to identify and analyze the main barriers that continue to inhibit the export of solar electricity from North Africa to Europe. Finally, to make the project more attractive and achievable in the near future, the paper proposes a systematic approach for setting up energy import scenarios. A promising import scenario is presented where energy import via Italy is shown to be a more viable and effective solution than via Spain.
关键词： Desertec,Sustainable energy development,Renewable energy,CSP-HVDC,European supergrid
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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High efficient nanostructured PbSe0.5Te0.5 exhibiting broad figure-of-merit plateau
摘要： To have a very good energy conversion efficiency, thermoelectric (TE) material should exhibit higher figure-of-merit (ZT) for broad range of temperatures. In that direction, n-type PbTe0.5Se0.5 material with enhanced and temperature insensitive figure-of-merit was developed through nanostructured approach. A temperature insensitive ZT of 0.7 was observed from 400 K to 600 K. The enhanced and stable ZT over a wide temperature range was ascribed to the presence of various types of nanostructures that facilitated scattering of mid and long wavelength phonons, keeping the thermal conductivity low in addition to scattering low energy charge carriers elevating the Seebeck coefficient (-380 m VK-1 at 600 K). Most thermoelectric n-type materials such as PbQ (Q = Te, Se) materials exhibits very low ZT at room temperature which hampers the overall conversation efficiency. However, the developed material exhibits highest ZT at room temperature among PbQ (Q = Te,Se) materials that enables this material to be used in wearable thermoelectric applications. In this study, newly introduced technique was adopted to calculate TE conversion efficiency, which addresses overestimations of conventional efficiency calculations. The developed material showed power generation efficiency higher than many state-of-the-art TE n-type materials in 300 K-600 K range making it a competitive material for waste heat recovery applications.
关键词： waste heat recovery,engineering figure-of-merit,sustainable energy,TE power generation efficiency,nanoprecipitates,lead selenides
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Laser-induced damage of black glass before and after surface treatment by containing impurities-SiO2 film during ultra clean manufacturing
摘要： Ultra-clean manufacturing is an indispensable key technology for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) to generate clean and sustainable energy, but the pollutants from laser-induced damage are a threat to ultra-clean manufacturing. Here we investigate the damage of black glass in a high laser fluence system, which refers to high fluence laser beams in fusion class laser systems. Results show a significant dependence of damage parameters on the laser pulse duration at 355 nm before and after surface treatment by SiO2 films, which include the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT), morphology and depth. The simulation indicates that the LIDT of SiO2 films on black glass is improved obviously, which is 14.1 J/cm2, while that of normal black glass is 10.2 J/cm2. The presence of impurities will aggravate the damage of the thin films and pollutes the laser system. LIDT of SiO2 films containing impurities is only 3.6 J/cm2. The experiments show that the average LIDT of black glass is 9.54 J/cm2 while that of thin films with impurities is no more than 4.12 J/cm2. These salient results provide a new concept for the protection of absorbing stray light for ultra-clean manufacturing.
关键词： Black glass,Sustainable energy,Impurities,Ultra-clean manufacturing,LIDT
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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An analysis of potential utilization of low cost Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film based photovoltaic in Sumbawa
摘要： Sumbawa has the potential to transition into a smart city, utilizing solar energy as their main source of its alternative energy. Located in the tropical country of Indonesia, Sumbawa’s dry season lasts eight months, during which it sees a solar intensity of 4.51 watt/m2/h, making solar energy a promising resource for the area. Its level of abundance and no pollution attribute are the main factors that make solar energy an attractive renewable resource. Raw calculation showed that solar energy is able to provide massive amount of energy, while solar panel and photovoltaic can produce zero greenhouse gases when converting solar energy into electricity. However, the high initial cost of installing solar cells hinder popularization of it as an alternative energy source, meanwhile some of the substance materials that compose solar panel may have a negative impact on the environment. This study intends to review the potential for inexpensive semiconductor-based solar panels to be applied as independent source of lighting by analysing the cost and environmental impact. Discussion on simple chemical method without high cost equipment instalment is also highlighted in this work, which offers recommendation of methods that can contribute on lowering the production cost of solar panel.
关键词： environmental friendly,solar cell,Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS),renewable and sustainable energy
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Investigation of effect of batch-separation on the micro-energy generation in M.indica L. dye-sensitized Solar Cells
摘要： The technology of silicon panels has improved over the years with the application of silicon into several material architecture. However, the high cost of the technology has limited its wide adoption. Recent advances have shown that natural materials employed as dye sensitizers for solar cells provide viable alternatives at low cost. This study focused on implementing Mango (Magnifera indica Linn.) leaf dye as dye sensitizer for solar cells. Unlike previous approaches, it employed batch-separated M.indica L. to sensitize two groups of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Parameters such as short circuit current (Isc), open circuit voltage (Voc), maximum power (Pmax), fill factor (ff), incident photon to conversion efficiency (IPCE) and output efficiency (?) were used to determine the outcome of the M.indica L. DSCs. The doctor blade method and high temperature sintering at 450 0C was used in the preparation of both photoanodes. Photovoltaic results reveal DSCs with a higher efficiency of 4.75 x 10-3 % in crude M.indica L. than 0.07 x 10-3 % for batch separated hexane faction of M.indica L. under same conditions of standard air mass. Remarkably, the hexane M.indica L.DSC recorded larger values of Isc and Voc. The significance of this result is that crude M.indica L DSCs are more affordable, have a facile production process and is an ecologically safe alternatives to silicon solar cells. Although the efficiencies are comparatively low, further research with a solar simulator and co-sensitization with other dyes is recommended for a better outcome.
关键词： Energy Efficiency,Photovoltaic Systems,Energy harvesting,Solar Power,Sustainable Energy
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Powering Africa Using An Off-Grid, Stand-Alone, Solar Photovoltaic Model
摘要： Over 90 % of Sub-Saharan Africa is without electricity access. The rural areas of the few African countries with access lack electricity. Studies have suggested that solar energy systems hold the key to powering the continent. Although, a vast population currently operate fossil-fuel powered generators to meet their basic electricity needs. The study is designed for a 2-bedroom flat inhabited by an average Africa family. A residential building in Akure, Ondo State, Southern Nigeria has this model installed in a stable and reliable condition. The proposed solar photovoltaic model is composed of solar panels, Direct Current (D.C) cables, charge controller, solar batteries, solar inverter, solar bulbs and instrumentation gadgets. The model is an optimum size solar Photovoltaic installation with a maximum power input of 1,800 W. The maximum allowable load is 1,000 W and a maximum charging D.C voltage of 28.2 V. The solar-powered system is equipped with a set of six (6) 300 Watts monocrystalline solar panels. A commercial maximum power point tracking (MPPT) charge controller was used for this model. Two (2) units of Deep Cycle AGM Solar Batteries connected in series are installed for the solar photovoltaic system. A pure sine wave solar inverter was used in the developed solar PV model to transform D.C electricity available in the batteries to A.C electricity. Themodel is a flexible one which could be scaled up as may be desired or required. The solar photovoltaic model has a very high prospect for powering Africa. The model has ample potentials to fulfil economic, social and environmental objectives which qualifies it as a sustainable energy option to improve the quality of life. The implementation of this form of sustainable energy will open even development of the continent and end the electricity woes of the populace.
关键词： Solar Photovoltaic,Global Warming,Africa,Sustainable Energy,Electricity
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22