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Ternary small molecules organic photovoltaics exhibiting 12.84% efficiency
摘要： Small molecules organic photovoltaics (SMPVs) were prepared with DR3TSBDT as donor, narrow band gap material Y6 and broad band gap material PC71BM as acceptor. The Y6 based binary SMPVs exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.53%, with short-circuit density (JSC) of 21.67 mA cm-2, open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.879 V and fill factor (FF) of 55.21%. A 12.84% PCE is achieved from the optimized ternary SMPVs with 40 wt% PC71BM in acceptors, which is attributed to the enhanced JSC of 22.19 mA cm-2 and FF of 67.27% resulting from the well-optimized phase separation with PC71BM as morphology regulator. Hollow spherical structure of PC71BM with high electron mobility may connect Y6 molecules to form the more continuous electron transport channels in ternary active layers. Meanwhile, DR3TSBDT molecular arrangement can be markedly adjusted by incorporating PC71BM to form 3D texture structure. The well-optimized phase separation degree and molecular arrangement in ternary active layers can well support the enhanced FFs of ternary SMPVs compared with that of binary SMPVs. Over 21% PCE improvement is achieved by employing ternary strategy with 40 wt% PC71BM in acceptors, the 12.84% PCE should be among the highest values of SMPVs.
关键词： Small molecules organic photovoltaics,Ternary strategy,Morphology regulator,Power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Mediated Non-geminate Recombination in Ternary Organic Solar Cells Through a Liquid Crystal Guest Donor
摘要： The approach via ternary blends prompts the increase of absorbed photon density and resultant photocurrent enhancement in organic solar cells (OSCs). In contrast to actively reported high efficiency ternary OSCs, little is known about charge recombination properties and carrier loss mechanisms in these emerging devices. Here, through introducing a small molecule donor BTR as a guest component to the PCE-10:PC71BM binary system, we show that photocarrier losses via recombination are mitigated with respect the binary OSCs, owing to a reduced bimolecular recombination. The gain of the fill factor in ternary devices are reconciled by the change in equilibrium between charge exaction and recombination in the presence of BTR toward the former process. With these modifications, the power conversion efficiency in ternary solar cells receives a boost from 8.8 (PCE-10:PC71BM) to 10.88%. We further found that the voltage losses in the ternary cell are slightly suppressed, related to the rising charge transfer-state energy. These benefits brought by the third guest donor are important for attaining improvements on key photophysical processes governing the photovoltaic efficiencies in organic ternary solar cells.
关键词： charge transfer states,small molecule donor,voltage loss,ternary solar cells,charge recombination
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Growth of Ultrathin Ternary Teallite (PbSnS2) Flakes for Highly Anisotropic Optoelectronics
摘要： Two-dimensional (2D) ternary materials have gained significant attention because of their additional degree of freedom stemming from the variable stoichiometry. However, the research on 2D ternary materials is still in the early stage because of the difficulty of synthesizing them. Here, ultrathin PbSnS2 flakes are synthesized via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) assisted by salt and a molecular sieve with thickness down to ~2.4 nm. Adding salt and a molecular sieve results in lowering of the melting point of metal precursors and uniformly distributed source vapors in the reaction system, respectively. Impressively, 2D PbSnS2 flake shows giant anisotropic mobility (marmchair/mzigzag = 1.78) and responsivity (Rzigzag/Rarmchair = 1.25). The employment of salt and a molecular sieve in the CVD process for successful synthesis of ultrathin PbSnS2 flakes may provide a new platform for the design of other 2D ternary materials.
关键词： ternary materials,anisotropic optoelectronics,PbSnS2,chemical vapor deposition,2D materials
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Broad spectrum light-trapping ternary polymer solar cells based on self-assembled nano-ridged active layer
摘要： Ternary blend polymer solar cells (TPSCs) comprising one donor and two fullerene acceptors is efficient method for improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE). In this paper, the PTB7-Th-based TPSCs which is incorporating PC70BM and PC60BM as mixed acceptors are fabricated and investigated. Impressively, the remarkable self-assembled nano-ridged (SANR) structures are discovered in the active layer with the weight ratio of 50% PC60BM in fullerenes. Thanks to the enlarged interface area, enhanced light absorption and balanced carrier transport, the PTB7-Th:PC70BM:PC60BM TPSCs with the SANR active layer gives an optimal PCE of 9.68%. In addition, it is worth emphasizing that by combining the textured-ZnO with the SANR active layer, a double ridge superimposed system (DRSS) with broad spectrum light trapping characteristic is constructed, which can further enhance the light absorption of the devices. Finally, benefiting from the further increase in short circuit current density (Jsc), the PTB7-Th:PC70BM:PC60BM TPSCs with the DRSS gives an optimal PCE of 10.68%. This work provides a feasible ternary strategy to increase the devices performances and is proved be a simple and efficient strategy for fabricating PTB7-Th:PC70BM:PC60BM TPSCs with SANR active layer.
关键词： Self-assembled nano-ridged structure,Ternary polymer solar cell,Broad spectrum light trapping,Double ridge superimposed system
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Largely improved bulk-heterojunction morphology in organic solar cells based on a conjugated terpolymer donor via a ternary strategy
摘要： In this wok, a D1-A-D2-A random terpolymer donor PFBT4T-BDT10 was synthesized for application in organic solar cells (OSCs). With fullerene derivative PC71BM as the acceptor, the PFBT4T-BDT10:PC71BM binary active layer delivered a very low short-circuit current (Jsc) of 5.87 mA cm?2 and a low fill factor (FF) of 53.8%, leading to a poor efficiency of 2.40%. With a small fused ring electron acceptor IDIC as the third component, the PFBT4T-BDT10:IDIC:PC71BM ternary active layers displayed a largely elevated efficiency up to 10.17%, corresponding to significantly elevated Jsc of 21.12 mA cm?2 and FF of 63.9%. The favorable morphology and the broader absorption are the main reasons for the elevation of Jsc. It was found that IDIC could act as a morphology regulator in the ternary blends, not only restricting the aggregation of PC71BM but also maintaining the crystallization of PFBT4T-BDT10. Our work highlights the importance of ternary blend strategy for random terpolymers.
关键词： Organic solar cells,Ternary blends,Random terpolymer
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Cyclopentadithiophene cored A-π-D-π-A non-fullerene electron acceptor in ternary polymer solar cells to extend the light absorption up to 900?nm
摘要： Conjugated small molecular non-fullerene electron acceptors (NFA) are considered as one of the critical materials for achieving high performance and low cost of polymer solar cells, and received much attention in the last few years. However, most of the NFAs are based on large fused π-aromatic core, which requires complicate synthesis efforts. In addition, the relatively weak light absorption limited to 800 nm of most the NAFs limits the energy harvesting capability of the solar cells. In this paper, we report an A-π-D-π-A type molecule cored with a cyclopentadithiophene unit, which can be easily synthesized in two steps from commercially available starting materials. This compound shows a broad absorption up to 900 nm in thin solid film, which is ascribed to the relatively high highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level as confirmed by cyclic voltammery and theoratical calculation. Application of the compound in polymer solar cells was also investigated both in binary and in ternary systems. The optimized power conversion efficiency (PCE) in binary solar cell with PTB7-Th as donor is 5.76% with an open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.838 V, a short circuit current (JSC) of 14.81 mA/cm2 and a fill factor (FF) of 46.4%. In the ternary solar cells which includes a second acceptor, PC71BM, the highest PCE achieved is 9.39% with a VOC of 0.803 V, a JSC of 19.01 mA/cm2, a FF of 61.6%, which is over 20% enhancement compared to the PTB7-Th:PC71BM system (PCE of 7.58%). This work develops a simple small molecule non-fullerene acceptor which can largely enhance the photo response in near infrared region to improve the performance of fullerene based organic solar cell.
关键词： Light absorption,Non-fullerene electron acceptor,Cyclopentadithiophene,Ternary systems,Polymer solar cells
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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High detectivity organic photodetectors in the visible light wavelength with ternary bulk heterojunction
摘要： In this work, we report an ternary bulk heterojunction (t-BHJ) organic photodetectors (OPDs) based on P3HT, PTB7 and PC61BM. The effects of PTB7 added to P3HT:PC61BM on the optical and electrical properties of OPDs were investigated. It is found that when the mass ratio of P3HT:PTB7:PC61BM is 8:2:10, the response spectrum of the active layer is extended to 780 nm, The responsivity (R) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the OPDs are reached 178, 291, 241 mA/W and 35%, 68%, 65%, under 630, 530, and 460 nm illumination and ?1 V bias, respectively, and the detectivity (D*) reached 1012 Jones. The results show that the addition of PTB7 with appropriate mass ratio can increases the exciton generation and dissociation probability in P3HT:PC61BM, which increases the photocurrent of the device. In addition, the addition of PTB7 promotes the crystallization of the film, reduces the density of trap defects in the film, and reduces the dark current of the device.
关键词： Microscopic morphology,Organic photodetectors,Ternary bulk heterojunction,Exciton dissociation
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Particle distribution in transient plasmas generated by ns-laser ablation on ternary metallic alloys
摘要： Understanding the fundamental mechanisms behind industrial laser-based technologies represents one the cornerstones of the development and tailoring of new materials. With the thin-film deposition using laser ablation being one of the most important techniques for obtaining complex materials with controllable stoichiometry, there is a high request for both experimental and theoretical studies towards understanding the behavior of multi-component alloys under high-power laser irradiation. Here we investigate the laser ablation process on two ternary metallic alloys (Cu–Mn–Al and Fe–Mn–Si) by means of space-and time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy and fast camera imaging with the focus being on the spatial distribution of each composing element. Information regarding the kinetic and thermal energy of the ejected particles is extracted and discussed in the framework of an inner structuring of the laser-produced plasmas based on a mass and energy distribution. The hypothesis is then verified by implementing a fractal analysis to the multi-component plasmas. The theoretical fractal approach offers results in good agreement with the experimental data gives important insight in the inner dynamics of complex laser-produced plasmas.
关键词： Ternary metallic alloys,Optical emission spectroscopy,Fractal analysis,Fast camera imaging,Laser ablation
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Improved Efficiency in All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells with Ternary Blend of Non-Fullerene Acceptor and Chlorinated and Non-Chlorinated Donors.
摘要： Ternary non-fullerene all-small-molecule organic solar cells (NFSM-OSCs) were developed by incorporating a non-fullerene acceptor (IDIC) and two structurally similar small molecular donors (SM and SM-Cl), where SM-Cl is a novel small molecular donor derived from the reported molecular donor SM. When doping 10% SM-Cl in SM:IDIC binary system, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ternary solar cell was dramatically increased from 9.39% to 10.29%. Characterization studies indicated that the two donors tend to form an alloy state, which effectively down-shifted the HOMO energy level of the donor, and thus promoting a higher open-circuit voltage. Interestingly, incorporating a third component (SM-Cl) with lower crystallinity was proven to facilitate the demixing between donors and acceptors, which was in contrary to the traditional findings of enhanced phase separation through incorporation of highly crystalline molecule. Although the morphological modulation had always been a bottleneck issue in NFSM-OSCs, the findings in this work indicated that the modulation on crystallinity deviation between donors and acceptors could be an effective method to further improve the performance of NFSM-OSCs, providing a new perspective on NFSM-OSCs.
关键词： alloy model,non-fullerene all-small-molecule solar cells,chlorinated molecular donor,ternary strategy,crystallinity modulation
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Over 16.7% efficiency of ternary organic photovoltaics by employing extra PC71BM as morphology regulator
摘要： Ternary organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are fabricated with PBDB-T-2Cl:Y6 (1:1.2, wt/wt) as the host system and extra PC71BM as the third component. The PBDB-T-2Cl:Y6 based binary OPVs exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.49% with a short circuit current (JSC) of 24.98 mA cm?2, an open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.868 V and a fill factor (FF) of 71.42%. A 16.71% PCE is obtained in the optimized ternary OPVs with PBDB-T-2Cl:Y6:PC71BM (1:1.2:0.2, wt/wt) active layer, resulting from the synchronously improved JSC of 25.44 mA cm?2, FF of 75.66% and the constant VOC of 0.868 V. The incorporated PC71BM may prefer to mix with Y6 to finely adjust phase separation, domain size and molecular arrangement in ternary active layers, which can be confirmed from the characterization on morphology, 2D grazing incidence small and wide-angle X-ray scattering, as well as Raman mapping. In addition, PC71BM may prefer to mix with Y6 to form efficient electron transport channels, which should be conducive to charge transport and collection in the optimized ternary OPVs. This work provides more insight into the underlying reasons of the third component on performance improvement of ternary OPVs, indicating ternary strategy should be an efficient method to optimize active layers for synchronously improving photon harvesting, exciton dissociation and charge transport, while keeping the simple cell fabrication technology.
关键词： ternary strategy,organic photovoltaics,morphology regulator,organic solar cells,power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22