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MZI-Based All-Optical Modulator Using MXene Ti <sub/>3</sub> C <sub/>2</sub> T <i> <sub/>x</sub></i> (T = F, O, or OH) Deposited Microfiber
摘要： As a new class of 2D materials, MXenes have attracted a lot of interest because of their prominent performance in versatile applications, such as batteries, supercapacitors, catalysts, electronics, and optics. In this work, an all-optical modulator using MXene Ti3C2Tx deposited on a microfiber is proposed. By inserting an MXene-deposited phase shifter into one arm of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer, the MXene Ti3C2Tx absorbs the control light and generates heat, which induces significant refractive index changes through strong light–matter interactions and thermo-optic effects. In this study, a maximum phase shift of 16π is obtained, and an efficient all-optical switch with an extinction ratio of more than 18.53 dB and a rise time constant of 4.10 ms are demonstrated. The advantages of this modulator include its all-fiber content, low cost, ease of integration, and compactness. All-optical modulators based on thermo-optical effects will play an active role in the future of optical communications and optical information processing.
关键词： thermo-optical effect,Mach–Zehnder interferometer,all-optical devices,MXene Ti3C2Tx,nanomaterials
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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High-Sensitivity Loop-Fiber Temperature Sensor Based on Distilled Water Cladding
摘要： The study proposed a temperature sensor based on distilled water cladding of the coupling region in the loop-?ber coupler, which was formed by folding a single-mode ?ber, melting the taper region with an H2 ?ame, and using two adjacent ?bers to obtain the interference in the coupling. Based on thermo-optical effect response and coupling interference principle, with increasing ambient temperature, the refractive index of the distilled water decreased, and the interference spectrum drifted. The experiment explored the relationship between different lengths of taper region and interference spectrum. When the taper region length was 30–35 mm, the interference spectrum improved. Results showed that the maximum sensitivity of the sensor was 151.35 pm/°C and linearity reached 99.99% when the temperature was within the range of 35 °C to 60 °C. Furthermore, we propose a low-cost demodulation scheme. The sensor had high sensitivity, good linearity, good stability, fast response, simple manufacturing process, and low cost. It has potential application value.
关键词： Loop-?ber coupler,Thermo-optical effect,Evanescent ?eld,Temperature sensor
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Anisotropic Dispersive Shock Waves in Highly Nonlinear M-Cresol/Nylon
摘要： M-Cresol/Nylon is a chemical solution, which is made up of an organic solvent (m-cresol) and a synthetic polymeric solute (nylon). Recent experiments showed that this solution exhibits an isotropic giant self-defocusing nonlinearity, tunable by varying the nylon concentration [1]. When it is enlightened by a continuous-wave laser beam, light absorption induces heat gain, which reduces the refractive index: the material experiences a nonlinear thermo-optical effect, made nonlocal by the heat diffusion. Since the temperature changes with the beam intensity, this nonlinearity follows a nonlocal Kerr model, expressed by the nonlinear Schroedinger equation (NLSE) [2]. In particular, V. Smith et al. measured the m-cresol/nylon nonlinear Kerr coef?cient n2 and found that, if for pure m-cresol it is ?9 × 10?8cm2/W , for a nylon mass concentration of 3.5% it is ?1.6 × 10?5cm2/W , a magnitude higher than most of the other thermal nonlinear materials reported in literature. In optics, many phenomena are ruled by NLSE, such as soliton propagation and dispersive shock wave (DSW) generation [1,2]. We report experimental evidence of two-dimensional optical DSWs with an anisotropic zero-singularity (Fig. 1). Fixing z as the longitudinal and x, y as the transverse directions, we start with a beam that has a Gaussian pro?le along y but a Gaussian ?rst derivative along x, thus the intensity is null for x = 0. This speci?c initial condition causes a new phenomenon, reported here for the ?rst time: the shock develops undular bores on the beam external borders (as already known in literature [2]), but around the singularity it presents an abrupt intensity discontinuity. We theoretically analyze the wave breaking along all the propagation. By a hydrodynamic model, we study the beam before the shock point: the WKB approach and the characteristic method let us predict the wave breaking both in phase and in intensity [2]. In order to model the beam propagation beyond the shock point, we use mathematical tools of time asymmetric quantum mechanics and uncover the mechanism how such an abrupt intensity discontinuity is generated [3]. We numerically simulate these results and ?nd remarkable agreement both with experiments and with theoretical predictions. Our outcome not only con?rms previous studies on the giant nonlinear response of m-cresol/nylon, but also discloses fundamental insights on propagation of DSWs with a singular initial intensity pro?le.
关键词： Dispersive shock wave generation,Anisotropic Dispersive Shock Waves,Highly Nonlinear M-Cresol/Nylon,Nonlinear Schroedinger equation,Thermo-optical effect
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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High-resolution and fast-response optical waveguide temperature sensor using asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure
摘要： We propose and demonstrate a high-resolution and fast-response optical waveguide temperature sensor based on asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structure. The sensing region is composed of an asymmetric MZI structure, which consists of two different kinds of cores formed with commercial polymer materials EpoClad and Norland optical adhesive 73 (NOA 73), respectively, in the two arms. Due to the higher thermo-optic coefficient of NOA 73, the phase changes of the two MZI arms are different with the temperature which in turn induces output optical power variations, enabling simple and real-time temperature detection. The sensor exhibits a large sensitivity of ?1.685 ?C?1, high resolution of 1.48 × 10?3 ?C and fast response time of about 510 (cid:2)s. The advantages of high sensitivity and resolution, low-cost, competent integration and compatible with most biological assays make the designed sensor potential application in temperature detections of molecular analysis, biotechnology and chemical synthesis.
关键词： Mach-Zehnder interferometer,Polymer material,Thermo-optical effect,Optical waveguide sensor
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22