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Efficient quantum-dot light-emitting diodes using ZnSa??AgInS <sub/>2</sub> solid-solution quantum dots in combination with organic charge-transport materials
摘要： Colloidal quantum dots (QDs), which exhibit highly saturated color emission, are expected to be used as emitting materials in wide-color-gamut displays. However, the development of low-toxicity alternatives is necessary because QDs with high color purity and highly efficient emission contain toxic materials such as Cd and Pb. In this study, QD light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) with ZnS–AgInS2 solid-solution nanoparticles [(AgIn)xZn2(1?x)S2, ZAIS] as low-toxicity QDs were fabricated and their electroluminescence properties were investigated. The ZAIS QDs exhibited red photoluminescence, with a peak wavelength of ca. 700 nm. Because the charge-injection barrier of ZAIS QDs without a wide-bandgap shell is relatively low, the QD-LEDs with red ZAIS QDs in combination with organic charge-transport materials induce electron injection from an organic electron-transport layer. These QD-LEDs exhibit an external quantum efficiency of 2.2%, a turn-on voltage of 2.4 V, and red emission with chromaticity coordinates (0.66, 0.33).
关键词： quantum dots,electroluminescence,low-toxicity,light-emitting diodes,ZnS–AgInS2
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Organic semiconducting nanoprobe with redox-activatable NIR-II fluorescence for <i>in vivo</i> real-time monitoring of drug toxicity
摘要： An activatable organic semiconducting nanoprobe that specifically turns on its second near-infrared window fluorescence upon being exposed to nitric oxide stimuli was developed for in vivo, in situ, real-time and high-spatial-resolution mapping of drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
关键词： drug toxicity,nitric oxide,NIR-II fluorescence,hepatotoxicity,redox-activatable,in vivo monitoring,Organic semiconducting nanoprobe
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Storage systems for building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) and building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPVT) installations: Environmental profile and other aspects
摘要： In recent years there has been an increasing interest in Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) and Building-Integrated Photovoltaic/Thermal (BIPVT) systems since they produce clean energy and replace conventional building envelope materials. By taking into account that storage is a key factor in the effective use of renewable energy, the present article is an overview about storage systems which are appropriate for BIPV and BIPVT applications. The literature review shows that there are multiple storage solutions, based on different kinds of materials (batteries, Phase Change Material (PCM) components, etc.). In terms of BIPV and BIPVT with batteries or PCMs or water tanks as storage systems, most of the installations are non-concentrating, fa?ade- or roof-integrated, water- or air-based (in the case of BIPVT) and include silicon-based PV cells, lead-acid or lithium-ion batteries, paraffin- or salt-based PCMs. Regarding parameters that affect the environmental profile of storage systems, in the case of batteries critical factors such as material manufacturing, accidental release of electrolytes, inhalation toxicity, flammable elements, degradation and end-of-life management play a pivotal role. Regarding PCMs, there are some materials that are corrosive and present fire-safety issues as well as high toxicity in terms of human health and ecosystems. Concerning water storage tanks, based on certain studies about tanks with volumes of 300 L and 600 L, their impacts range from 5.9 to 11.7 GJprim and from 0.3 to 1.0 t CO2.eq. Finally, it should be noted that additional storage options such as Trombe walls, pebble beds and nanotechnologies are critically discussed. The contribution of the present article to the existing literature is associated with the fact that it presents a critical review about storage devices in the case of BIPV and BIPVT applications, by placing emphasis on the environmental profile of certain storage materials.
关键词： ecotoxicity,Building-Integrated Photovoltaic/Thermal (BIPVT),embodied energy,Human toxicity,Life Cycle Assessment (LCA),CO2 emissions,Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV),Storage materials
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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All Green Solvents for Fabrication of CsPbBr <sub/>3</sub> Films for Efficient Solar Cells Guided by the Hansen Solubility Theory
摘要： Toxic solvents used in the fabrication of perovskite solar cells are an obstacle for their commercialization. Replacing those toxic solvents with green solvents is very important for both ecological environment safety and the health of operators working in manufactory and labs. CsPbBr3-based solar cells have attracted increasing attention due to its high stability. Herein, high-quality CsPbBr3 films are prepared using all green solvents based on a two-step spin-coating method. In the first step, a green solvent system of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with the addition of γ-butyrolactone is used for preparing PbBr2 solutions by matching the Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs) between PbBr2 and the mixed solvent system. By optimizing the HSPs and viscosity, a new complex of PbBr2·(PEG) is formed by spin-coating from the PbBr2 solution, followed by acetic acid dropping while spinning. In the second step, green water is used to dissolve CsBr to prepare a high concentration CsBr/H2O solution. High-quality CsPbBr3 films with full coverage are obtained by spin-coating CsBr/H2O solution onto the PbBr2·(PEG) films after annealing. As a result, a solar cell with configuration of fluorine-doped tin oxide/TiO2/CsPbBr3/carbon exhibits a power conversion efficiency of 8.11% due to its high-quality harvest layer.
关键词： perovskite solar cells,green solvents,Hansen solubility parameters,CsPbBr3,toxicity
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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EMLA-induced methemoglobinemia after laser-assisted hair removal procedure
摘要： This is the case of a 23-year-old female with a past medical history of ADHD and Depression who was evaluated in the emergency department for perioral cyanosis and hypoxia after application of the eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine (EMLA) local anesthetic prior to a laser-assisted hair removal procedure. This report illustrates a case of methemoglobinemia which is a rare but signi?cant complication of topical anesthetic use.
关键词： Lidocaine,Prilocaine,EMLA,Methemoglobinemia,Toxicity,Emergency department
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Potential environmental risk of solar cells: Current knowledge and future challenges
摘要： Photovoltaic (PV) technology such as solar cells and devices convert solar energy directly into electricity. Compared to fossil fuels, solar energy is considered a key form of renewable energy in terms of reducing energy-related greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate change. To date, the development and improvement of PV technologies has received substantial attention; however, their potential environmental risks remain unknown. Therefore, this review focuses on the potential risks of leachates derived from solar cell devices. We collect scientific literature on toxicity and leaching potential, tabulate the existing data, and discuss related challenges. Insufficient toxicity and environmental risk information currently exists. However, it is known that lead (PbI2), tin (SnI2), cadmium, silicon, and copper, which are major ingredients in solar cells, are harmful to the ecosystem and human health if discharged from broken products in landfills or after environmental disasters. Several research directions and policy initiatives for minimizing the environmental risks of PV technology are suggested. This review contributes to both solar energy and environmental science research.
关键词： Solar cell,Photovoltaic,Recycling,Toxicity,Leaching
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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A review on perovskite solar cells: Evolution of architecture, fabrication techniques, commercialization issues and status
摘要： Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) have grabbed the attention of the researchers worldwide owing to their outstanding Photovoltaic (PV) performance. PSCs are the future of the PV technology as they are capable of generating power with performance being comparable with the leading Silicon solar cells, with the cost being lower than Silicon solar cells. The enormous potential of PSCs is evident from the fact that the efficiency of these cells has risen from 3.8% to 25.2% within a decade, and it is continuously rising to date. We discuss the features making PSCs superior to contemporary PV technologies. The description of the evolution of efficiency and various architectures used to date has been presented. The perovskite film fabrication techniques with some large scale perovskite solar cell manufacturing techniques are discussed. Despite positive traits, the PSCs have faced some issues, such as degradation in the presence of moisture, oxygen, and UV, toxicity, etc. The impact of these factors with various remedies adopted by researchers has been discussed. However, the instability issue raised by toxicity is not of much concern is supported in this paper. These issues creating obstacles in the path of commercialization of PSCs along with the commercialization road map are discussed thoroughly.
关键词： Perovskite,Commercialization,Cell architecture,Fabrication,Toxicity,Degradation
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Toxicity Evaluation of Quantum Dots (ZnS and CdS) Singly and Combined in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
摘要： The exponential growth of nanotechnology has led to the production of large quantities of nanomaterials for numerous industrial, technological, agricultural, environmental, food and many other applications. However, this huge production has raised growing concerns about the adverse effects that the release of these nanomaterials may have on the environment and on living organisms. Regarding the effects of QDs on aquatic organisms, existing data is scarce and often contradictory. Thus, more information is needed to understand the mechanisms associated with the potential toxicity of these nanomaterials in the aquatic environment. The toxicity of QDs (ZnS and CdS) was evaluated in the freshwater fish Danio rerio. The fishes were exposed for seven days to different concentrations of QDs (10, 100 and 1000 μg/L) individually and combined. Oxidative stress enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase), lipid peroxidation, HSP70 and total ubiquitin were assessed. In general, results suggest low to moderate toxicity as shown by the increase in catalase activity and lipid peroxidation levels. The QDs (ZnS and CdS) appear to cause more adverse effects singly than when tested combined. However, LPO results suggest that exposure to CdS singly caused more oxidative stress in zebrafish than ZnS or when the two QDs were tested combined. Levels of Zn and Cd measured in fish tissues indicate that both elements were bioaccumulated by fish and the concentrations increased in tissues according to the concentrations tested. The increase in HSP70 measured in fish exposed to 100 μg ZnS-QDs/L may be associated with high levels of Zn determined in fish tissues. No significant changes were detected for total ubiquitin. More experiments should be performed to fully understand the effects of QDs exposure to aquatic biota.
关键词： oxidative stress,CdS,toxicity,quantum dots,zebrafish,ZnS
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Transcriptome Profile Alteration with Cadmium Selenide/Zinc Sulfide Quantum Dots in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
摘要： Quantum Dots (QDs) are becoming more prevalent in products used in our daily lives, such as TVs and laptops, due to their unique and tunable optical properties. The possibility of using QDs as fluorescent probes in applications, such as medical imaging, has been a topic of interest for some time, but their potential toxicity and long-term effects on the environment are not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of yellow CdSe/ZnS-QDs on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We utilized growth assays, RNA-seq, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection assays, and cell wall stability experiments to investigate the potential toxic effects of CdSe/ZnS-QDs. We found CdSe/ZnS-QDs had no negative effects on cell viability; however, cell wall-compromised cells showed more sensitivity in the presence of 10 μg/mL CdSe/ZnS-QDs compared to non-treated cells. In CdSe/ZnS-treated and non-treated cells, no significant change in superoxide was detected, but according to our transcriptomic analysis, thousands of genes in CdSe/ZnS-treated cells became differentially expressed. Four significantly differentiated genes found, including FAF1, SDA1, DAN1, and TIR1, were validated by consistent results with RT-qPCR assays. Our transcriptome analysis led us to conclude that exposure of CdSe/ZnS-QDs on yeast significantly affected genes implicated in multiple cellular processes.
关键词： yeast,QDs,gene expression,toxicity,CdSe/ZnS,RNA-seq
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Perovskite quantum dots for light-emitting devices
摘要： Perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have been hotly pursued in recent decades owing to their quantum confinement effect and defect-tolerant nature. Their unique optical properties, such as high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) approaching unity, narrow emission bandwidth, tunable wavelength spanning the entire visible spectrum, and compatibility with flexible/stretchable electronics, render perovskite QDs promising for next-generation solid lighting sources and information displays. Herein, the advances in perovskite QDs and their applications in LEDs are reviewed. Strategies to fabricate efficient perovskite QDs and device configuration, including material composition design, synthetic methods, surface engineering, and device optimization, are investigated and highlighted. Moreover, the main challenges in perovskite QDs of instability and toxicity (lead-based) are identified, while the solutions undertaken with respect to composition engineering, device encapsulation, and lead-replacement QDs are demonstrated. Meanwhile, perspectives for the further development of perovskite QDs and corresponding LEDs are presented.
关键词： device encapsulation,quantum confinement,Perovskite quantum dots,LEDs,instability,composition engineering,flexible electronics,photoluminescence,lead-replacement,stretchable electronics,toxicity,light-emitting devices
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52