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Measurement of proton quenching in a LAB-based liquid scintillator
摘要： In this paper, we propose a mathematical model to evaluate the transmission of Tuberculosis with drug-resistant strains and with drug-sensitive strains. Based on the epidemic data from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, we first estimate the values of parameters in the model. Then the basic reproduction number of TB infection in the mainland China is calculated to be 1.0558. Since the basic reproduction number is greater than 1, Tuberculosis spreads as an endemic in mainland China. Through our investigations, the basic reproduction number associated with drug-sensitive strains is less than 1, but the number of individuals infected by drug-resistant strains will still increase quickly, thus the epidemic is not under control. Moreover, increasing the vaccination coverage rate for newborns is not always beneficial for controlling TB prevalence in China. Whether vaccination effect is positive or negative depends on the relapse rate from the recovered state to the infected state. In summary, improving sanitation conditions, introducing efficient measures to detect the disease, and keeping the public informed about how to lower the chance of being infected and the current epidemic situation are essential in slowing down or eliminating Tuberculosis transmission.
关键词： Tuberculosis Transmission,Drug-Sensitive Strain,The Basic Reproduction Number,Drug-Resistant Strain,Least-Square Method
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Advances in imaging and molecular diagnostics of ocular tuberculosis and selected observations from the Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)
摘要： Introduction: Ocular tuberculosis (TB) is a rare extra-pulmonary manifestation with protean clinical manifestations. Ocular TB as a cause of potentially blinding disease has been recently recognized by ophthalmologists as well as pulmonologists. In the past decade, there has been a great leap in our understanding of the disease pathogenesis, clinical and imaging features, as well as therapeutic challenges and disease complications. Areas covered: In this expert review, an emphasis has been laid on the recent advances in ocular imaging including wide-field fundus imaging, fluorescein angiography and autofluorescence, enhanced-depth optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography angiography, among others, as well as progress in the field of diagnostics such as polymerase chain reaction and other nucleic acid amplification tests. Findings from the Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS), a multicentric study on ocular TB, have been explained in details. Expert opinion: Due to rapid advances in the field of fundus imaging and laboratory testing, it has become possible to recognize the pathological alterations observed in ocular TB. With further research, it may be possible to generate a consensus on the diagnosis and management of this entity in the future.
关键词： Tuberculosis,optical coherence tomography,choroiditis,fluorescein angiography,serpiginous-like choroiditis,indocyanine green angiography,uveitis
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 2nd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering (IBIOMED) - Bali, Indonesia (2018.7.24-2018.7.26)] 2018 2nd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering (IBIOMED) - Early Detection of Tuberculosis using Chest X-Ray (CXR) with Computer-Aided Diagnosis
摘要： In this paper, a Computer-aided Diagnosis (CADx) system based on image processing is proposed to assist doctors and radiologists in interpreting Chest X-rays (CXR) for early detection of lung Tuberculosis (TB). CXR can indicate lung abnormalities including TB. However, the interpretations of CXR might vary from one individual to another. It is important to accurately and quickly detect TB because early treatment will prevent more infections and fatal effects from happening. The steps that were performed by the proposed system consisted of preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. In the preprocessing stage homomorphic filter, histogram equalization, median filter, and Contrast-Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) were applied to increase image quality. Segmentation was done by using Active Contour Model. Feature extraction was performed by analyzing the image’s first order statistical features. The last stage, classification, was based on the mean values. The results indicated that the system can increase specificity while maintaining sensitivity and accuracy of TB diagnosis. In conclusion, there is a high chance that CADx can assist doctors and radiologists for a more accurate and quick interpretation of CXR in early detection of TB.
关键词： Chest X-ray (CXR),Computer-aided Diagnosis (CADx),Early detection of tuberculosis
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Detection and Quantification of HspX Antigen in Sputum Samples Using Plasmonic Biosensing: Toward a Real Point-of-Care (POC) for Tuberculosis Diagnosis
摘要： Advances occurred during the last years in the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis infection, have prompted increased survival rates of patients. However, limitations related to the inefficiency of an early detection still remain: some techniques and laboratory methods do not have enough specificity, most instruments are expensive, and require handling by trained staff. In order to contribute to a prompt and effective diagnosis of tuberculosis, we report the development of a portable, user-friendly and low-cost biosensor device for its early detection. By using a label-free Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensor, we have established a direct immunoassay for the direct detection and quantification of the Heat shock protein X (HspX) of Mtb, a well-established biomarker of this pathogen, directly in pre-treated sputum samples. The method relies on highly specific monoclonal antibodies which are previously immobilized on the plasmonic sensor surface. This technology allows the direct detection of the biomarker without amplification steps, showing a Limit of Detection (LOD) of 0.63 ng mL-1 and a Limit of Quantification (LOQ) of 2.12 ng mL-1. The direct analysis in pre-treated sputum shows significant differences in the HspX concentration in patients with tuberculosis (with concentration levels in the order of 116-175 ng mL-1) compared with non-tuberculosis infected patients (values below the LOQ of the assay).
关键词： SPR Immunosensor,Tuberculosis diagnosis,HspX recombinant protein,human sputum samples,Point-of-Care device
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry identification of <i>Mycobacterium bovis </i>in Bovinae
摘要： In this study, Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry was used to identify Mycobacterium bovis from cattle and buffalo tissue isolates from the North and South regions of Brazil, grown in solid medium and previously identified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based on Region of Difference 4 (RD4), sequencing and spoligotyping. For this purpose, the protein extraction protocol and the mass spectra reference database were optimized for the identification of 80 clinical isolates of mycobacteria. As a result of this optimization, it was possible to identify and differentiate M. bovis from other members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex with 100% specificity, 90.91% sensitivity and 91.25% reliability. MALDI-TOF MS methodology described herein provides successful identification of M. bovis within bovine/bubaline clinical samples, demonstrating its usefulness for bovine tuberculosis diagnosis in the future.
关键词： Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry,bovine tuberculosis,Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex,Mycobacterium bovis
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Light Processing Enables Efficient Carbon-Based, All-Inorganic Planar CsPbIBr <sub/>2</sub> Solar Cells with High Photovoltages
摘要： Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) protein tyrosine phosphatase B (MptpB) is an important virulence factor for Mtb that contributes to survival of the bacteria in macrophages. The absence of a human ortholog makes MptpB an attractive target for new therapeutics to treat tuberculosis. MptpB inhibitors could be an effective treatment to overcome emerging TB drug resistance. Adopting a structure-based virtual screening strategy, we successfully identified thiobarbiturate-based drug-like MptpB inhibitor 15 with an IC50 of 22.4 μM, and as a non-competitive inhibitor with a Ki of 24.7 μM. Importantly, not only did it exhibit moderate cell membrane permeability, compound 15 also displayed potent inhibition of intracellular TB growth in the macrophage, making it an excellent lead compound for anti-TB drug discovery. To the best of our knowledge, this novel thiobarbiturate is the first class of MptpB inhibitor reported so far that leveraged docking- and pharmacophore-based virtual screening approaches. The results of preliminary structure-activity relationship demonstrated that compound 15 identified herein was not a singleton and may inspire the design of novel selective and drug-like MptpB inhibitors.
关键词： Docking,Tuberculosis,Thiobarbiturate scaffold,MptpB inhibitor,Virtual screening,Pharmacophore
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Liquid crystal-based aptasensor for the detection of interferon-γ and its application in the diagnosis of tuberculosis using human blood
摘要： We report the development of a liquid crystal (LC)-based aptasensor for the detection of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in human blood as well as the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). In this system, the binding of IFN-γ to an aptamer immobilized on a surface disrupts the orientation of LCs, inducing a transition from a homeotropic orientation to a random one. This change in the orientation of the LCs can easily be converted and observed as a shift from a dark optical LC image to a bright one under a polarized light microscope. Through this sensing mechanism, IFN-γ levels as low as 1 pM (17 pg/ml) could be detected. This LC-based aptasensor was employed for the diagnosis of TB using blood samples from patients with latent TB. With this LC-based approach, not only could IFN-γ readily be detected, but also latent TB could be diagnosed using human blood simply and effectively without any intricate processes or instrumentation. Therefore, our present research provides a promising IFN-γ sensor with applications in clinical diagnosis of various infectious diseases, and in immunological research.
关键词： Tuberculosis (TB),Interferon-γ (IFN-γ),4-cyano-4′-pentylbiphenyl (5CB),Liquid crystal (LC),Aptamer,Human blood sample
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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DETECTION OF TUBERCULOSIS USING CHEST X RAY (CXR)
摘要： Tuberculosis is an airborne disease that affects many organs in the body especially lungs. This disease is caused by a bacteria known as Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. When the bacteria becomes active it affects the body. If the disease is not treated properly a loss of life may occur. A robotic detection of tuberculosis is presented in this paper with the help of patient chest x ray(CXR).The input image is then filtered by Gaussian filter to remove noise and then the lung region gets segmented by using graph cut segmentation. The segmented lung region is partitioned into four lobes. The infected region is then segmented for that region the feature values are calculated. With these values it is classified as normal or abnormal by using Ada boost classifier.
关键词： Tuberculosis,lobes,AdaBoost,Classification,CXR,Feature extraction
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Dataset of single Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria cells with different antibiotic susceptibility obtained by Raman spectroscopy
摘要： This data article contains Raman experimental data, obtained with Horiba Jobin-Yvon LabRam HR800 spectrometer (Japan), which can be used for rapid identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MbT) bacteria (Beijing clade) in vitro. Data present analyzed Raman spectra of bacterial cells with various drug resistances obtained from pulmonary and extra pulmonary samples. Data can provide information about characteristic maxima of different structures in biological cell.
关键词： sensitive drug (SD) strains,multidrug resistance (MDR) strains,spectral data,Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Raman spectroscopy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14