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What makes a successful industry-level catch-up? General framework and case study of Chinaa??s LED industry
摘要： How latecomers from emerging countries catch up on technological innovation is an important topic for industrial practitioners, policymakers, and academic researchers. This study systematically reviews 37 empirical studies on the precursors of industry catch-up in emerging countries. A general framework on what makes a successful catch-up in latecomer industries is suggested based on literature review. The framework comprises six generic determinants, including technological capability, business ecosystem, government roles, market condition, technological regime, and windows of opportunity. In addition, this framework is applied to the Chinese LED industry, and a case analysis of the catch-up is performed in Chinese LED firms.
关键词： framework of catch-up,emerging countries,LED industry
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Feasibility of using an led-probe in third-space endoscopy: a clinical study
摘要： Background: Third-space endoscopy is a novel, safe, and effective method for treating different gastrointestinal conditions. However, several failed endoscopic procedures are attributed to incomplete myotomy. Lighting devices are used to prevent organic injuries. We aimed to investigate the feasibility of using a hand-made LED-probe (LP) in third-space procedures. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in a tertiary-care center in Mexico between December 2016 and January 2019. We included peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) and gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy(G-POEM) procedures. Pseudoachalasia, peptic ulcer, normal gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES) and prepyloric tumors were excluded. LP was used to guide or confirm procedures. Clinical and procedural characteristics were recorded and analyzed. Results: Seventy third-space procedures were included (42POEM,28G-POEM), with an average patient age of 46.7 ± 14.3 and 43.7 ± 10.1 years, respectively. For the POEM and G-POEM groups, respectively, 18/42(42.9%) and 13/28(46.7%) patients were males; median procedure times were 50 (interquartile range [IQR]: 38–71) and 60(IQR: 48–77) min, median LP placement times were 5(IQR: 4-6) and 6(IQR: 5-7) min, mild adverse events occurred in 4(9.4%) and 4(14.2%) of cases, and clinical success at 6 months occurred in 100 and 85.7% of cases. Integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) improved from 27.3 ± 10.8 to 9.5 ± 4.1 mmHg (p < 0.001); retention percentage at 4 h also improved. LP was successfully placed and adequate myotomy confirmed including 14.2 and 17.8% of POEM and G-POEM difficult patients. Conclusions: Using an LP is promising and allows guiding during third-space procedures either for submucosal tunnel creation or myotomy confirmation, with excellent safety and efficacy in clinical practice.
关键词： LED-probe,Third-space endoscopy,Gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy,Peroral endoscopic myotomy
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Bumblebees land remarkably well in red-blue greenhouse LED light conditions
摘要： Red-blue emitting LEDs have recently been introduced in greenhouses to optimize plant growth. However, this spectrum may negatively affect the performance of bumblebees used for pollination, because the visual system of bumblebees is more sensitive to green light than to red-blue light. We used high-speed stereoscopic videography to 3D track and compare landing manoeuvres of Bombus terrestris bumblebees in red-blue light and in regular, broad-spectrum white light. In both conditions, the landing approaches were interspersed by one or several hover phases, finally followed by leg extension and touchdown. The time between leg extension and touchdown was 25% (0.05 s) longer in red-blue light than in white light, caused by a more tortuous flight path in red-blue light. However, the total landing duration, specified as the time between the first hover phase and touchdown, did not differ between the light conditions. This suggests that the negative effects of red-blue light on the landing manoeuvre are confined to the final phase of the landing.
关键词： landing,red-blue LED light,pollination,bumblebees,greenhouse
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Enlightening Possibilities: Plastics Expand Role in Vehicle Lighting Applications
摘要： Automotive lighting is something that few people spend much time thinking about—that is until something stops working or someone’s eyes are blasted by another car’s high beams at night. While lighting is rarely the reason people buy cars, it plays an important safety role in all personal and commercial vehicles—both in terms of making a vehicle more visible to humans and animals as well as improving a driver’s ability to see potential problems in the vehicle’s path. Not surprisingly, plastics play an important role in these applications and, in fact, are being used for visual branding on many passenger vehicles. Nominations for the SPE Automotive Innovation Awards Competition—organized by the SPE Automotive Division—show just how innovative lighting has become for increasing occupant comfort and safety, adding functionality, and making vehicles memorable to consumers.
关键词： PC,Safety,Automotive lighting,Plastics,LED,PMMA,Visual branding,LCP
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Speed breeding short-day crops by LED-controlled light schemes
摘要： Key message A simple and rapid speed breeding system was developed for short-day crops that enables up to five generations per year using LED lighting systems that allow very specific adjustments regarding light intensity and quality. Abstract Plant breeding is a key element for future agricultural production that needs to cope with a growing human population and climate change. However, the process of developing suitable cultivars is time-consuming, not least because of the long generation times of crops. Recently, speed breeding has been introduced for long-day crops, but a similar protocol for short-day crops is lacking to date. In this study, we present a speed breeding protocol based on light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that allow to modify light quality, and exemplarily demonstrate its effectiveness for the short-day crops soybean (Glycine max), rice (Oryza sativa) and amaranth (Amaranthus spp.). Adjusting the photoperiod to 10 h and using a blue-light enriched, far-red-deprived light spectrum facilitated the growth of short and sturdy soybean plants that flowered ~ 23 days after sowing and matured within 77 days, thus allowing up to five generations per year. In rice and amaranth, flowering was achieved ~ 60 and ~ 35 days after sowing, respectively. Interestingly, the use of far-red light advanced flowering by 10 and 20 days in some amaranth and rice genotypes, respectively, but had no impact on flowering in soybeans, highlighting the importance of light quality for speed breeding protocols. Taken together, our short-day crops’ speed breeding protocol enables several generations per year using crop-specific LED-based lighting regimes, without the need of tissue culture tools such as embryo rescue. Moreover, this approach can be readily applied to a multi-storey 96-cell tray-based system to integrate speed breeding with genomics, toward a higher improvement rate in breeding.
关键词： light quality,LED lighting,photoperiod,short-day crops,speed breeding
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Blue light-emitting diode irradiation promotes transcription factor EB-mediated lysosome biogenesis and lysosomal cell death in murine photoreceptor-derived cells
摘要： Exposure to blue light from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is a source of damage for human eyes in today’s modern life. Although it is well known that blue light can cause cellular damage and death, the molecular mechanism underlying this is still not fully understood. Here, we demonstrated that exposure to blue LED light increased lysosome levels and perinuclear cluster formation in 661W murine photoreceptor-derived cells. Irradiation with blue LED light promoted the nuclear transport of transcription factor EB (TFEB) and a subsequent increase in lysosomal-related gene expression. Moreover, blue LED light induced morphological changes in lysosomal structure and lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP). These effects were suppressed by an antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Finally, a calcium ion chelator, BAPTA-AM, attenuated blue LED light-induced lysosomal biogenesis and cell death. Taken together, these findings suggest that oxidative stress under blue LED light increases lysosome levels via the TFEB pathway in a calcium-dependent manner, resulting in the accumulation of damaged lysosomes and subsequently lysosomal cell death. Our results imply that lysosomal homeostasis plays a key role in the maintenance of eye function and the progression of retinal diseases.
关键词： TFEB,Blue LED light,Calcium,Lysosome biogenesis,Oxidative stress,Lysosomal membrane permeabilization
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Design and investigation of cooling system for high-power LED luminaire
摘要： This paper is concerned with development of cooling system for high-power LED luminaire, including design, simulation, production and investigation. Dimension, shape, and topology optimization algorithms and their program realization are developed with the use of MathCad. Thermal design by Comsol Multiphysics showed that the system on the base of heat pipes is the most effective system for cooling of high-power LED luminaire. The numerical simulation was employed to valid the designed-in engineering solution of cooling system for high-power LED luminaire under elevated temperature operating conditions and different orientation in space. In accordance to simulation data cooling system on the base of heat pipes is designed. Theoretical results are well validated by experimental data and numerical simulation and can be widely utilized for designing of cooling system related to various LED products.
关键词： Cooling system,Heat pipe,Thermal design,High-power LED luminaire
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Rice husk derived nano-NiFe2O4@CAGC-catalyzed direct oxidation of toluene to benzyl benzoate under visible LED light
摘要： Here, we report an efficient and highly selective oxidation of primary carbon-hydrogen bond in toluene catalyzed by biomass, rice husk derived chemically activated graphitic carbon supported NiFe2O4 (nano-NiFe2O4@CAGC) nanomaterial under LED light. The hybrid nanocatalyst showed excellent activity and selectivity towards direct oxidation of toluene to benzyl benzoate. The nano-NiFe2O4@CAGC has also demonstrated superior catalytic activity compared to its individual components. The catalyst was very robust and stable under the reaction conditions, and was separated from the reaction mixture by an external magnet and reused for subsequent reactions.
关键词： reusable catalyst,nano-NiFe2O4@CAGC,oxidation of toluene to benzyl benzoate,hybrid nanocatalyst,LED light
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Improving the leakage characteristics and efficiency of GaN-based micro-light-emitting diode with optimized passivation
摘要： We investigated the effect of atomic layer deposition (ALD) Al2O3 (50 nm)/plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) SiO2 (250 nm) and PECVD SiO2 (300 nm) passivation layers on the leakage current and efficiency of InGaN-based micro-LEDs with different sizes. The micro-LEDs with the single passivation layer gave the ideality factors of about 2.0, while that with the double layer exhibited values smaller than 2.0. The micro-LEDs with the double passivation layer exhibited external quantum efficiency peaks at lower current density compared to those with the single layer. It was shown that smaller micro-LEDs were more sensitively dependent on the types of the passivation layers. These results exhibit that the ALD-Al2O3/PECVD-SiO2 passivation layer is more effective in suppressing the sidewall damage-induced current than the PECVD-SiO2 layer.
关键词： Atomic layer deposition,Micro-LED,Passivation,GaN
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Portable Instrument for Monitoring Environmental Toxins Using Immobilized Quantum Dots as the Sensing Material
摘要： A portable instrumental system was designed for the routine environmental monitoring of toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in atmospheric conditions based on changes in the photoluminescence emission of semiconductor nanoparticles (quantum dots) entrapped in a sol-gel matrix as the solid sensing material. The sol-gel sensing material displayed a long-lived phosphorescent emission, which is quenched in the presence of trace levels of a volatile organic compound (acetone) in gaseous atmospheres. The developed instrument could measure and process the changes in the photoluminescence of the sensing material after exposure to gaseous acetone. The developed prototype device consists of a deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV LED), which excites the chemical sensing material; an optical filter to remove scattered light and other non-desirable wavelengths; a photomultiplier tube (PMT) to convert the phosphorescence emission of the sensor phase to an electrical signal; and a microcontroller to correlate the signal with the analyte concentration. The developed prototype was evaluated for its ability to measure low levels of gaseous acetone in contaminated atmospheres with high sensitivity (detection limit: 9 ppm). The obtained results show the feasibility of this type of instrument for environmental analytical control purposes.
关键词： quantum dots (QDs),photomultiplier,UV LED,instrumentation,nanoparticles,room temperature phosphorescence (RTP)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01