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The Middle Road Less Taken: Electronic-Structure-Inspired Design of Hybrid Photocatalytic Platforms for Solar Fuel Generation
摘要： The development of efficient solar energy conversion to augment other renewable energy approaches is one of the grand challenges of our time. Water splitting, or the disproportionation of H2O into energy-dense fuels, H2 and O2, is undoubtedly a promising strategy. Solar water splitting involves the concerted transfer of four electrons and four protons, which requires the synergistic operation of solar light harvesting, charge separation, mass and charge transport, and redox catalysis processes. It is unlikely that individual materials can mediate the entire sequence of charge and mass transport as well as energy conversion processes necessary for photocatalytic water splitting. An alternative approach, emulating the functioning of photosynthetic systems, involves the utilization of hybrid systems wherein different components perform the various functions required for solar water splitting. The design of such hybrid systems requires the multiple components to operate in lockstep with optimal thermodynamic driving forces and interfacial charge transfer kinetics.
关键词： hybrid systems,water splitting,photocatalytic,charge transfer,solar energy conversion
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Dual-Phase Molybdenum Nitride Nanorambutans for Solar Steam Generation under One Sun Illumination
摘要： Water evaporation and steam production have been recognized to be considerably crucial due to the vast applications, ranging from waste water treatment, water purification, to alternative green energy solutions by water splitting, catalysis, and in-door heating. Albeit the big variety of photothermal conversion materials (PCMs) developed for this purpose, certain drawbacks, e.g. high cost, complicated synthesis, weak/narrow absorbance, bulkiness, and low evaporation rate, have hindered the application potential. Herein, we report the dual-phase molybdenum nitride nanorambutans, synthesized by a facile method, for solar steam generation. Not only the inherent properties, including strong full-spectrum absorbance, high-efficiency photothermal conversion, and super-hydrophilicity, benefit their water evaporation performance, the interconnected open mesopores of the nanorambutans further boost their capability of light harvesting and water/vapor transportation. Solar energy conversion efficiency of ～97% under one sun together with excellent cycling stability has been demonstrated. In the desalination systems, integrating with the high salt rejection rate, the nanorambutans film can produce a water evaporation rate as high as ～1.70 kg m?2 h?1 with an efficiency of ～98%. Besides its compact size, the record-breaking water evaporation performance of these nanorambutans has exceeded the previous best inorganic PCM. This work introduces molybdenum nitride as a new PCM for efficient solar steam generation and all applications that can benefit from highly localized heating from nano to macro scale.
关键词： desalination,water evaporation,photothermal conversion,molybdenum nitride,solar energy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Metal–Organic Frameworks for Photocatalysis and Photothermal Catalysis
摘要： To meet the ever-increasing global demand for energy, conversion of solar energy to chemical/thermal energy is very promising. Light-mediated catalysis, including photocatalysis (organic transformations, water splitting, CO2 reduction, etc.) and photothermal catalysis play key roles in solar to chemical/thermal energy conversion via the light?matter interaction. The major challenges in traditional semiconductor photocatalysts include insufficient sunlight utilization, charge carrier recombination, limited exposure of active sites, and particularly the difficulty of understanding the structure?activity relationship. Metal?organic frameworks (MOFs), featuring semiconductor-like behavior, have recently captured broad interest toward photocatalysis and photothermal catalysis because of their well-defined and tailorable porous structures, high surface areas, etc. These advantages are beneficial for rational structural modulation for improved light harvesting and charge separation as well as other effects, greatly helping to address the aforementioned challenges and especially facilitating the establishment of the structure?activity relationship. Therefore, it is increasingly important to summarize this research field and provide in-depth insight into MOF-based photocatalysis and photothermal catalysis to accelerate the future development.
关键词： Charge separation,Photocatalysis,Light harvesting,Solar energy conversion,Photothermal catalysis,Metal?organic frameworks
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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A porous Ni-O/Ni/Si photoanode for stable and efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting
摘要： Excellent photoelectrochemical activity was demonstrated for an easily prepared porous Ni-O/Ni/Si photoanode with an onset potential of 0.93 VRHE, a photocurrent of 39.7 mA cm?2 at 1.23 VRHE, an energy conversion efficiency of 3.2% and a stability above 100 h.
关键词： stability,water splitting,porous Ni-O/Ni/Si photoanode,energy conversion efficiency,photoelectrochemical
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 6th Workshop on Wide Bandgap Power Devices and Applications (WiPDA) - Atlanta, GA, USA (2018.10.31-2018.11.2)] 2018 IEEE 6th Workshop on Wide Bandgap Power Devices and Applications (WiPDA) - Experimental Comparison of the Efficiency, Power Density and Thermal Performance of Two BIPV Converter Prototypes
摘要： This paper presents an experimental comparison between two series resonant full bridge converters for use in BIPV applications. The first converter employs Si MOSFETS and the second converter uses GaN HEMTs for the switches of the full bridge. The practical implementation and design of the boards and the trade-offs between components are highlighted. The efficiency, power density and thermal performance of the converters are discussed in detail. Practical issues, such as secondary oscillatory behaviour, in the development of a phase-shifted full bridge are highlighted. The used transformer is modeled, including all parasitic elements. Several solutions to avoid transient oscillations in the secondary are set forward. To mitigate these high-frequency voltage transient overshoots, the best solution was found to equip the primary of the converter with a series resonant tank.
关键词： transformer modeling,GaN,BIPV,resonant conversion
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Frequency Conversion in KTP Crystal and Its Isomorphs
摘要： We report the results of an analysis of the functional capabilities of the KTP crystal and its isomorphs for nonlinear-optical frequency conversion of all types of interactions in the transparency range of the crystal. The possibility of implementing angle, wavelength (frequency), and temperature-noncritical phase matching is shown.
关键词： temperature-noncritical mode,nonlinear crystals,frequency conversion,KTP and isomorphs,functional capabilities
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Rational design of yolk–shell nanostructures for photocatalysis
摘要： Photocatalysis is a promising route to convert solar energy into chemical energy directly, providing an alternative solution to environment and natural resource problems. Theoretically, all photocatalytic reactions are driven by charge carriers whose behavior can be divided into charge generation, separation, migration and surface reactions. Efficiencies of charge utilization in every step determine the overall performance of photocatalysis. Yolk–shell (YS) structures can provide an ideal platform for the efficient utilization of charge carriers. Typically, a YS structure is constructed from a hollow shell and an inner core, which can enhance light scattering in the hollow space and provide a large surface to create sufficient active sites, both of which can significantly improve the efficacy of charge utilization. Additionally, many strategies can be adopted to modify the YS structure for further enhancement of charge behaviors in every step. Existing reviews about YS structures mainly concentrate on the universality of the application of YSs, while the strategies to improve photocatalytic performance based on YSs have not been elaborately illustrated. This review describes the classification, synthesis, formation mechanism of YS structures and the rational regulation of the behaviors of photogenerated charge carriers, aiming at their effective utilization based on YS structures in heterogeneous photocatalytic reactions.
关键词： Charge carriers,Heterogeneous photocatalytic reactions,Solar energy conversion,Yolk–shell structures,Photocatalysis
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14