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Formation mechanism of porous rose-like WO3 and its photoresponse and stability study
摘要： WO3 materials are widely used in photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. In this work, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) was used to control the growth of H2WO4 during chemical bath deposition fabrication process. The as-prepared H2WO4 material showed a rose-like morphology and after annealing the obtained WO3 sample was porous with oxygen defects. XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS and some other method were used to characterize the samples. A possible growth mechanism was given depending on the characterization results. The addition of SDBS resulted in a simultaneous growth of plenty H2WO4 nucleus, which caused a uniform distribution. Compared with normal WO3, the as-fabricated porous rose-like WO3 showed a higher stability to photocorrosion and a narrower band gap.
关键词： porous,photocatalysis,electrocatalysis,oxygen defects,WO3,SDBS
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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WO3 quantum dots enhanced the photocatalytic performances of graphene oxide/TiO2 films under flowing dye solution
摘要： It is maximal difficult for the application of powdery nanocatalyst in sewage treatment to retrieve powder catalyst from the reaction solution. In this paper, after synthesized graphene oxide/WO3 quantum dots/TiO2 (GOWT) composite with high catalytic performance under visible light, GOWT composite powder was used to fabricate GOWT films by using Al(H2PO4)3 as adhesive and cheap gauze as substrates, and studied the effect of Rhodamine B (RhB) concentration on the removal ability of GOWT film by evaluating flowing liquid of RhB. Experimental results show that GOWT films possess higher photocatalytic efficiency in contrast to graphene oxide/TiO2 (GOT) films under sunlight, and the degradation rate of RhB is 2.6 times as GOT films under UV light. Furthermore, GOWT film possess higher removal ability than GOT film under high concentration, but completely degrade RhB under flowing solution of low concentration, which is ascribed to the unique structure and superior performance of WO3 quantum dots. Besides, GOWT films have the potential application in sewage treatment without further contamination.
关键词： Thin films,Graphene oxide/TiO2,WO3 quantum dots,Photocatalytic degradation
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Phase-Control-Enabled Enhancement in Hydrophilicity and Mechanical Toughness in Nanocrystalline Tungsten Oxide Films for Energy-Related Applications
摘要： We report on the phase-control-enabled enhancement in the hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of nanostructured WO3 films for energy-related applications. Nanostructured WO3 films were fabricated by utilizing reactive magnetron sputter deposition onto silicon (100) substrates with varying deposition temperature (Ts = 25?500 °C) at a fixed oxygen partial pressure of ～4 mTorr. Extensive characterization performed indicates that the fundamental surface/interface structure?phase?hydrophilicity?mechanical property correlation enables tailoring nanocrystalline WO3 films to meet the requirements of various technological applications. Crystal structure, surface/interface morphology, and microstructure characterization indicate the deposition processing conditions induce phase transformations and surface/interface quality variation, which in turn controls the hydrophilicity and mechanical behavior of WO3 films. Carefully tuned processing conditions induce an amorphous to crystalline structural transformation, which progresses through amorphous to monoclinic to tetragonal phases, coupled with variation in surface roughness and crystallite size. Mechanical characterization using nanoindentation reveals that the mechanical response, in terms of hardness (H), elastic modulus (E), and scratch parameters, of WO3 films is highly sensitive to their phase and microstructure evolution. Nanostructured WO3 films crystallized in monoclinic phase exhibit superior mechanical response compared to either amorphous or tetragonal phase WO3 films. The maximum hardness (～38 GPa) and elastic modulus (～320 GPa) values were obtained for WO3 films deposited at Ts = 400 °C. The phase transformation sequence coupled with surface/interface structure affects the contact angle values significantly. The contact angle decreases significantly from 70° to nearly 5° with variation in phase, microstructure, and surface/interface quality of WO3 films. A direct structure?phase?microstructure?hydrophilicity?mechanical property relationship found suggest that tuning properties of WO3 films for photoelectrochemical, photocatalytic, and energy-related applications can be achieved by tuning the deposition conditions and controlling the phase at the nanoscale dimensions.
关键词： WO3 thin films,hydrophilicity,phase transformation,nanostructure
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Tungsten tri-oxide (WO <sub/>3</sub> ) film absorber for generating Q-switched pulses in erbium laser
摘要： This paper reports a new type of passive saturable absorber (SA) made of transition metal oxide (TMO) embedded in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The Tungsten trioxide (WO3)-PVA SA is placed in an erbium-doped fibre laser cavity to produce Q-switched pulses operating at 1562.82 nm. The pulse laser starts to manifest at the threshold pump power of 40 mW and continues to exist until the maximum pump power of 195 mW. Within that pump power range, its pulse energy, repetition rate and pulse width vary from 98 to 142.85 nJ, 29.86 to 56.7 kHz and 5.032 to 1.85 μs, respectively. The pulse train is stable with a signal to noise ratio of 70 dB. This is the first demonstration of a Q-switched laser using such a SA.
关键词： saturable absorber,WO3,Q-switched,Erbium-doped fibre laser
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Ultra-Sensitive H<sub>2</sub>S Gas Sensor Based on WO<sub>3</sub> Nanocubes with Low Operating Temperature
摘要： WO3 nanostructure with nanocube morphology was synthesized through acidification of Na2WO4·2H2O, which were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the result of the present work implied that the sensor fabricated by nanocube WO3 could detect the level of 330 ppb H2S, which is much lower than the threshold limit value of 10 ppm. Compared with other results, the nanocube WO3 sensor shows higher sensitivity, excellent selectivity and faster response/recovery to H2S. Especially, the best operating temperature of this nanocube WO3 for H2S detection is 100 oC.
关键词： H2S,Gas sensor,Nanomaterials,WO3
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Enhanced photoelectrocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A and simultaneous production of hydrogen peroxide in saline wastewater treatment
摘要： The degradation of organic pollutants in saline wastewater has been a challenge for environmental remediation. In this study, a two-chamber cell was structured to simultaneously degrade organic contaminants (bisphenol A, BPA) from saline wastewater and produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In the anode chamber, a new solar-light-driven system was devised using chloride ions (Cl?) as a medium and WO3 photoanode as a radical initiator. Under solar light irradiation, photogenerated holes yielded at the WO3 photoanode promoted the conversion of Cl? to reactive chlorine species, which could oxidize BPA more rapidly. The results indicated that the BPA removal can be significantly enhanced by increasing pH to 10.8 or increasing the Cl? concentration to 200 mM. At these conditions, 92% BPA was degraded into CO2 and H2O in 120 min. In the cathode chamber, a new dopamine modified carbon felt (CF-DPA) cathode was employed to produce H2O2, obtaining a high concentration of 5.4 mM under optimum conditions. The electrochemical analyses for CF-DPA revealed that dopamine modification promoted electron transfer and enhanced the two-electron oxygen reduction to increase H2O2 yields.
关键词： WO3,H2O2,Photoelectrocatalysis,Dopamine,Organic pollutant,Saline wastewater
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Ag-Functionalized CuWO <sub/>4</sub> /WO <sub/>3</sub> nanocomposites for solar water splitting
摘要： Ag-Functionalized CuWO4/WO3 heterostructures were successfully prepared via a polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)-assisted sol–gel (PSG) route. Thin films prepared via electrophoretic deposition were used as photoanodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Compared to pristine CuWO4 and WO3 films, a significant enhancement of the photocurrent (3–4 times) at the thermodynamic potential for oxygen evolution (0.62 V vs. Ag/AgCl, pH 7) was obtained for the Ag-functionalized CuWO4/WO3 photoanodes. The obtained enhancement is shown to be derived from a synergic contribution of heterostructure formation (CuWO4/WO3) and improvements of light utilization by Ag-induced surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effects. Accordingly, a photocurrent of 0.205 mA cm?2 at 0.62 V vs. Ag/AgCl under neutral conditions (without hole scavengers) under front-side simulated AM1.5G illumination was achieved. A detailed analysis of the obtained PEC data alongside performed impedance measurements suggests that charge separation is significantly improved for the prepared Ag-functionalized CuWO4/WO3 photoanodes. Our work offers beneficial insights to design new plasmonic metal/heterostructured nanocomposites for energy conversion applications.
关键词： nanocomposites,surface plasmon resonance,photoelectrochemical,CuWO4/WO3,solar water splitting,Ag-functionalized,heterostructures
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of Fe3O4–WO3–CQD Multifunctional System
摘要： In this work, superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanocrystalline was prepared by using citric acid as an additive and co-precipitation method. The Fe3O4–WO3–carbon quantum dot (CQD) metal oxide porous structure was constructed, characterized and analyzed. When the amount of citric acid added was 22.7 wt%, the specific saturation magnetization of Fe3O4 nanocrystals was 52.567 emu/g, and the Fe3O4–WO3 composite structure was agglomerated into spheroids having a diameter of about 200 nm. The constructed Fe3O4–WO3–CQD metal oxide porous structure has a specific surface area of 166.78 m2/g. In the experiment of adsorption and degradation of rhodamine B solution (20 mg/L), the decolorization rate of the dye by Fe3O4–WO3–CQD system was 54.42% after 60 min of dark treatment. After 240 min of photocatalysis, the dye decolorization rate increased by 14.17% to 65.56%. This shows that the photocatalytic performance of the sample was improved after the compounding process. The results provided that Fe3O4–WO3–CQD composite structure has great application potential in the field of photo-catalytic degradation of organic pollutants.
关键词： Photocatalytic,Fe3O4 nanoparticles,Carbon quantum dot (CQD),WO3
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Synthesis of BiVO4/WO3 composite film for highly efficient visible light induced photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of norfloxacin
摘要： In this study, we synthesized BiVO4/WO3 composite film via a hydrothermal method and successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) for photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) degradation of norfloxacin (NOR) under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). The BiVO4/WO3 composite film was characterized by various techniques in details. These results suggested that BiVO4 was successfully assembled onto the WO3 film surface. The BiVO4/WO3 composite film exhibited enhanced PEC performance and the apparent rate constant for degradation of NOR was estimated to be 2.68 × 10-3 min-1, which was 3.52 and 2.39 times higher than that of WO3 and BiVO4 film, respectively. The superior PEC performance could be ascribed to the formation of n-n junction facilitating the interfacial charge transfer and separation rate, resulting in the enhanced light-harvesting capability. The generated h+, ?O2- and ?OH radicals were responsible for the PEC degradation of NOR confirmed by the radicals trapping experiments and ESR spin-trap technique. Analysis of the degradation intermediates implied that the piperazine ring of the norfloxacin was mainly attacked during the visible-light-driven degradation process.
关键词： SILAR,photoelectrocatalytic oxidation,BiVO4/WO3 composite film,norfloxacin
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Hierarchical WO3/ZnWO4 1D fibrous heterostructures with tunable in-situ growth of WO3 nanoparticles on surface for efficient low concentration HCHO detection
摘要： Hierarchical WO3/ZnWO4 1D fibrous heterostructures with tunable in-situ growth of WO3 nanoparticles on surface have been fabricated by the original one-step electrospinning technology combined with subsequent calcination process. Phase composition and morphology can be transformed from bead-like WO3 fibers to hierarchical WO3/ZnWO4 1D composites with the introduction of ZIF-8 into the precursor solution, which was mainly attributed to the combination of nucleation competition and crystal planes matching mechanisms during heat treatment. Compared with pure WO3 and WO3/ZnWO4-10%, WO3/ZnWO4-5% displayed the highest specific surface area value evaluated to be 268.57, indicating the prominent enhanced absorption behavior for targeted organic species. It is found that WO3/ZnWO4-5% composites have a response about 44.5 for 5 ppm HCHO, which was almost 8 times higher than that of sensor based on pure WO3 nanofibers at the optimal operating temperature. Meanwhile, the fast response/recovery time (12/14 s) and excellent stability characteristics (recycling, long-term, and humidity stability) towards HCHO can be also observed for WO3/ZnWO4-5% samples. The enhanced gas-sensing mechanism based on WO3/ZnWO4 composites can be ascribed to the synergistic effect of effective heterojunctions, large specific surface area, multiple reaction sites, and unique surface/interface electron transmission. The design and construction of hierarchical WO3/ZnWO4 1D materials attest to the significant potential of their use as novel gas sensors for detecting low concentration HCHO.
关键词： electrospinning,gas sensors,in-situ growth,HCHO,WO3/ZnWO4 heterostructures
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36