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[IEEE IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Valencia, Spain (2018.7.22-2018.7.27)] IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Effects of Nonuniform Vertical Profiles of Suspended Particles on Remote Sensing Reflectance of Turbid Water
摘要： The in situ data and forward radiative transfer model were applied to simulate the nonuniform vertical profiles of suspended particles in turbid Poyang Lake. The sensitivity of remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) associated with nonuniform water column showed correlation with suspended particulate matter (SPM), wavelength and water depth. Different nonuniform vertical profiles could cause more than 108% overestimation or 60% underestimation of Rrs at most. The uncertainties in Rrs decreased with the increase of water depth. The sensitive wavelength moved to longer wavelength and the maximum influence water depth let up, along with the increase in concentration of SPM in surface water. A dimensionless parameter made up of beam attenuation coefficient of surface water, water depth and SPM vertical distribution, was established to quantitatively describe the effects of vertically nonuniform water column on Rrs.
关键词： vertically nonuniform water column,water optical properties,remote sensing reflectance
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Optimization of synthesis condition of water-resistant and thin titanium oxide layer-coated Ni-rich layered cathode materials and their cathode performance
摘要： In this study, in order to develop water-resistant LiNiaCobAl1?a?bO2 (a > 0.85, NCA) cathode materials which exhibit high-rate performance, the surface coating of NCA with titanium oxide (TiOx) was examined. The synthesis conditions for the TiOx-coated NCA cathode materials were investigated, by taking into account some essential factors in the surface coating of NCA by TiOx, with a view to improving the rate performance. We successfully prepared the TiOx-coated NCA cathode material, the rate performance of which is superior to that of the conventionally prepared NCA cathode materials, typically using a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVdF) binder and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent. Their surface analysis suggested that the specific surface structure of TiOx layer coated on the NCA particle leads to both a water-resistant property and a high permeability of Li+ ions through it in the charging/discharging process.
关键词： Lithium ion secondary battery,Water-based hybrid polymer binder,TiOx coating layer,Water resistance,Ni-rich lithium transition metal oxide
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Flexible TiO2-coated nanocellulose membranes incorporated with CdTe as electrodes in photoelectrochemical cells
摘要： Incorporation of quantum dots (QDs) into porous matrices has triggered the development of novel optical devices. In this work, TiO2 sensitized by CdTe incorporated into bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) membranes were tested as photoelectrodes in a photoelectrochemical cell directed to the water splitting for hydrogen generation. The flexible membranes were produced by immersing BNC membranes in an aqueous solution of CdTe capped with glutathione (CdTe–GSH) and further deposited over a thin layer of TiO2. Incorporation of CdTe–GSH into BNC membranes was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the luminescence intensity increased with the immersion time in the CdTe–GSH solution. Field-emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) images revealed that the CdTe/QDs (5 nm) were homogeneously dispersed on the cellulose nanofibers. BNC/CdTe–GSH membranes was tested as photoelectrodes. Photoelectrochemical cells exhibited a significant photocurrent in wavelengths ranging from 400 to 800 nm, which indicates their potential for applications as flexible electrodes, sensors and photovoltaic systems.
关键词： Photoelectrochemical cell,Quantum dots,Bacterial nanocellulose,Water splitting,Hydrogen generation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Multi-responsive red solid emitter: Detection of trace water and sense of relative humidity; 刺激响应红色发光体: 痕量水及相对湿度的检测;
摘要： A multi-responsive D-A type compound (CYQ) based on pyrone and triphenylamine was designed and successfully synthesized. The target compound exhibited distinct aggregation-enhanced emission effect. Solvatochromic experiment and density functional theory (DFT) indicated CYQ possessed excellent intramolecular charge transfer ability. Besides, its mechano-fluorochromic property (MFC) was found with a 37 nm red-shift. Powder wide-angle X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements were performed to demonstrate the transformation from the crystalline to amorphous states upon grinding. Surprisingly, CYQ displayed a hypersensitive response to trace water in organic solvents with an excellent detection limit as low as 0.0096% in tetrahydrofuran (THF). Furthermore, it was found that the fluorescent intensity of CYQ declined progressively upon humidity rise, and its color change can be witnessed by naked eyes. Therefore, the relative humidity (RH) sensing strategy guarantees the AIEgen to become a colorimetric sensor under various conditions.
关键词： humidity,aggregation-enhanced emission,trace water,mechano-fluorochromic
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Enhanced Charge Transport and Increased Active Sites on α-Fe <sub/>2</sub> O <sub/>3</sub> (110) Nanorod Surface Containing Oxygen Vacancies for Improved Solar Water Oxidation Performance
摘要： The e?ect of oxygen vacancies (VO) on α-Fe2O3 (110) facet on the performance of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is researched by both experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The experimental results manifest that the enhancement in photocurrent density by the presence of VO is related with increased charge separation and charge-transfer e?ciencies. The electrochemical analysis reveals that the sample with VO demonstrates an enhanced carrier density and reduced charge-transfer resistance. The results of DFT calculation indicate that the better charge separation is also contributed by the decrease of potential on the VO surface, which improves the hole transport from the bulk to the surface. The reduced charge-transfer resistance is owing to the greatly increased number of active sites. The current study provides important insight into the roles of VO on α-Fe2O3 photoanode, especially on its surface catalysis. The generated lesson is also helpful for the improvement of other PEC photoanode materials.
关键词： oxygen vacancies,α-Fe2O3,photoelectrochemical water splitting,charge-transfer efficiencies,density functional theory,charge separation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Two-dimensional g-C3N4/TiO2 Nanocomposites as Vertical Z-scheme Heterojunction for Improved Photocatalytic Water Disinfection
摘要： Developing highly active photocatalysts towards effective microorganism inactivation is a green and energy-smart strategy in response to the growing demands to water quality under the background of the water crisis. Here, a vertical face-to-face heterojunction was fabricated by horizontally assembling TiO2 nanosheets with {001} facets exposed on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) sheets through a facile hydrothermal driving coupling. The vertical heterojunction could almost completely disinfect 103 CFU/mL E. coli within 30 min under solar light, which was more efficient than the physically mixed composite and pure g-C3N4 and TiO2. The two-dimensional (2D) morphology provides ample surface area in forming the vertical heterojunction and enables intimate contact which is advantageous to charge transfer between g-C3N4 and TiO2. A Z-scheme charge transportation mechanism is confirmed through band structure analysis and reactive species (RSs) probing and trapping experiments. In comparison with physically mixed composite and the single-phase counterparts, the nanocomposite based on Z-scheme electron transfer mode effectively prompts charge pair dissociation and subsequently encourages bacterial inactivation by boosting the generation of RSs. The constructing vertical Z-scheme heterojunction highlights the potential of 2D nanomaterials for accelerated water sterilization.
关键词： photocatalysis,Z-scheme heterojunction,vertical heterojunction,two-dimensional materials,water disinfection
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Solar hydrogen production via alkaline water electrolysis
摘要： Electricity generation via direct conversion of solar energy with zero carbon dioxide emission is essential from the aspect of energy supply security as well as from the aspect of environmental protection. Therefore, this paper presents a system for hydrogen production via water electrolysis using a 960 Wp solar power plant. The results obtained from the monitoring of photovoltaic modules mounted in pairs on a fixed, a single-axis and a dual-axis solar tracker were examined to determine if there is a possibility to couple them with an electrolyzer. Energy performance of each photovoltaic system was recorded and analyzed during a period of one year, and the data were monitored on an online software service. Estimated parameters, such as monthly solar irradiance, solar electricity production, optimal angle, monthly ambient temperature, and capacity factor were compared to the observed data. In order to get energy efficiency as high as possible, a novel alkaline electrolyzer of bipolar design was constructed. Its design and operating UI characteristic are described. The operating UI characteristics of photovoltaic modules were tuned to the electrolyzer operating UI characteristic to maximize production. The calculated hydrogen rate of production was 1.138 g per hour. During the study the system produced 1.234 MWh of energy, with calculated of 1.31 MWh, which could power 122 houses, and has offset 906 kg of carbon or an equivalent of 23 trees.
关键词： Solar tracker,Solar energy,Photovoltaic module,Hydrogen,Alkaline electrolyzer,Water electrolysis
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES 2017 (ISCPMS2017) - Bali, Indonesia (26–27 July 2017)] - Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) as counter electrode in the newly developed catalysis zone of modified cadmium sulfide (CdS) sensitized solar cell for hydrogen production
摘要： Recently we developed a modified quantum dot dyes sensitized solar cell (QD-DSSC) having catalysis zone extension for hydrogen production. The DSSC section comprised of CdS sensitized highly order Titanium dioxidenanotube (CdS-HOTN) immobilized on Ti plate, Na2S/S containing electrolyte, and Pt covered SnO-F (fluorine doped tin oxide) glass plate (hence Pt/SnO-F/Glass). While the catalysis zone comprised of an extension of Ti support, as cathode, and the respected counter electrode was an extension of SnO-F glass, which was covered by BiVO4 film, both from respected DSSC section. In this presentation, we will focus on the role of the BiVO4 in our newly developed system. The bismuth vanadate was prepared by co-precipitation method with ammonia and calcination to obtain a fine powder. The BiVO4 fine powder were then deposited onto SnO-F glass plate and characterized by FT-IR, UV–vis diffused reflectance spectroscopy, SEM and X-ray diffraction. The characterization results revealed that the BiVO4 film, typically, has a band gap of 2.35 eV, characteristic of IR peaks represent the –V-O-, and –Bi-O-V- bonds, having a crystal phase as BiVO4 monoclinic scheelite with a typically crystallite size of 74.06 nm. The photo-electro-chemical properties of the BiVO4 film photo-anode was investigated by a linear sweep voltammetry and multi pulse amperometry, which revealed that the current response under the visible light was 0.03 mA/cm2. Further investigation when the BiVO4 film was incorporated into the modified QD-DSSC, the system (catalysis zone section), under solely visible light, was able to split the water into hydrogen and molecular oxygen. A brief discussion of the newly developed modified QD-DSSC, especially on the role of BiVO4 counter electrode in the catalysis zone will be presented, to gain a better insight in our new type artificial photosynthesis.
关键词： water splitting,titanium dioxide nanotubes,cadmium sulfide,artificial photosynthesis,modified dyes sensitized solar cell,Bismuth vanadate
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Water Impact Resistant and Antireflective Superhydrophobic Surfaces Fabricated by Spray Coating of Nanoparticles: Interface Engineering via End-Grafted Polymers
摘要： Fully transparent and water impact resistant superhydrophobic coatings are of great importance for a range of applications including photovoltaics, photonics, automotive windshields, and building windows. A widely utilized approach to fabricate such coatings involves solution-based deposition of hydrophobic nanoparticles. A central challenge is that these coatings do not simultaneously offer high levels of water repellency, perfect transparence, and water impact resistance. Here we demonstrate that end-grafted polymers present excellent interfaces for spray-coated hydrophobic nanoparticles and enable fabrication of water impact resistant and antireflective superhydrophobic coatings (SHPARCs). Depending on the backbone chemistry and thickness, end-grafted polymers uniquely interacted with the fluorinated nanoparticles, resulting in nanostructured films that provided reduction of reflective losses and protection from the impact of water droplets. Counterintuitively, substrates modified with end-grafted hydrophilic polymers exhibited high water impact resistance: the sliding angle of SHPARC on 12 nm thick end-grafted poly(ethylene glycol) layer was <2° after exposure to 100000 water droplets. SHPARC increased the transparency of the glass substrate by ～5% through omnidirectional antireflectivity. We finally demonstrate application of SHPARC on a large area (156 × 156 mm2) silicon solar cell without significant (<0.23%) reduction of the power conversion efficiency, illustrating the promise of the presented approach in fabrication of self-cleaning photovoltaic modules.
关键词： water impact resistance,antireflective,spray coating,nanoparticles,end-grafted polymers,superhydrophobic coatings
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Image, Vision and Computing (ICIVC) - Chongqing, China (2018.6.27-2018.6.29)] 2018 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Image, Vision and Computing (ICIVC) - Research on Counting Algorithm of Residual Feeds in Aquaculture Based on Machine Vision
摘要： The waste of feed has always restricted the development of aquaculture. This paper presents an algorithm that can accurately obtain the residual information of feeds after a feeding event. With the purpose of applying the residual feed counting algorithm to the actual production, we focused on solving problems of counting feed pellets, such as turbid pond water, feed adhesion etc. We carry our experiments with different water turbidity levels and with feed adhesion, and some experiments have over 100 pellets. Experiments show that relative error can still be maintained at about 10% under the condition of turbid water and feed adhesion, which is much better than 20% obtained by other counting algorithm.
关键词： feed counting,turbid water,non-uniform illumination,feed identification,dark channel prior
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21