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- 2019
- Topological change
- Multi-hop routing
- low latency
- Wearable Wireless Sensor Network
- wearable devices
- Communication Engineering
- Shenyang Ligong University
- Northeastern University
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Design of zinc oxide-based surface acoustic wave sensors using a graphene electrode
摘要： Continuous monitoring of skin moisture by using a wearable moisture sensor consisting of the materials that have no risk of skin sensitization, such as zinc oxide (ZnO), is essential to optimize the healing process in wound care. Here we tackled the investigation of the optimum electrode for ZnO-based surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors to achieve this goal. Al and Au electrodes commonly used were compared with a graphene electrode by simulation in terms of the frequency characteristics of the SAW device. Graphene and Al showed the same tendency in frequency characteristics as the 0 thickness electrode (ideal electrode). Since graphene is suitable for flexible devices due to its stretchability and for the long-term stability due to its chemical innerness, it was concluded that graphene is more suitable than the conventional Al and Au electrodes for flexible SAW sensor devices.
关键词： flexible devices,surface acoustic wave sensors,wearable moisture sensor,zinc oxide,graphene electrode
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[IEEE 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) - Honolulu, HI (2018.7.18-2018.7.21)] 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) - A 5-ms Error, 22-μA Photoplethysmography Sensor using Current Integration Circuit and Correlated Double Sampling
摘要： This paper presents a low-power Photoplethysmography (PPG) sensing method. The PPG is commonly used in recent wearable devices to detect cardiovascular information including heartbeat. The heartbeat is useful for physical activity and stress monitoring. However, the PPG circuit consumes large power because it consists of LED and photodiode. To reduce its power consumption without accuracy degradation, a cooperative design of circuits and algorithms is proposed in this work. A straightforward way to reduce the power is intermittent driving of LED, but there is a disadvantage that the signal is contaminated by a noise while circuit switching. To overcome this problem, we introduce correlated double sampling (CDS) method, which samples an integration circuit output twice with short intervals after the LED turns on and uses the difference of these voltage. Furthermore, an up-conversion method using linear interpolation, and an error correction using autocorrelation are introduced. The proposed PPG sensor, which consists of the LED, the photodiode, the current integration circuit, a CMOS switch, an A/D converter, and an MCU, is prototyped. It is evaluated by actual measurement with 22-year-old subject. The measurement results show that 22-μA total current consumption is achieved with 5-ms mean absolute error.
关键词： wearable devices,low-power,heartbeat monitoring,Photoplethysmography (PPG),autocorrelation,correlated double sampling (CDS)
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[Institution of Engineering and Technology 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018) - London, UK (9-13 April 2018)] 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018) - Design and Analysis of Conformal Antennas for Smart Glasses
摘要： The goal of this communication is to present novel wearable antenna integration in smart glasses. The conformal antennas are optimized to cover the triple frequency bands of mobile communication under -6dB, single band of WiFi and GPS below -10dB reflection coefficient. The measurement of the prototype, created in 3D printing technology, showed good agreement with the numerical simulation. The full wave simulation including the human head phantom exhibited minor effect on the antenna performance. SAR performance of the three antennas is investigated for the smart glasses application in the presence of the head phantom and it respects the corresponding FCC regulation.
关键词： 4G,phantom,conformal,triple band,WiFi,GPS,head,wearable,SAR,antenna
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[Institution of Engineering and Technology 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018) - London, UK (9-13 April 2018)] 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018) - Finger Ring Phased Antenna Array for 5G IoT and Sensor Networks at 28 GHz
摘要： In this paper, a circular phased antenna array has been constructed on the finger ring for the 28 GHz 5G communication systems. The antenna array has been verified in free space and with user’s hand phantom on three fingers by the simulations. It has been found that such antenna structure is resilient towards the user effects and has a stable coverage efficiency characteristics. The coverage efficiency of 80 % with the realized gain of 5 dBi has been observed when the ring simulated with the user’s hand. The correlation between high power loss density with antenna de-tuning has also been observed.
关键词： 5G,Wearable Antennas,Sensor Networks,28 GHz,Phased Array,IoT,Finger Ring Antenna,User effects,Antennas
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[Institution of Engineering and Technology 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018) - London, UK (9-13 April 2018)] 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018) - Design of a Dual-band Wearable Planar Inverted F Antenna Based on Characteristic Mode Theory
摘要： This paper proposes a new wearable planar inverted F antenna (PIFA). The antenna is co-designed with the ground plane based on characteristic mode theory. To obtain a wide matching bandwidth around 433 MHz, the ground is operated as the main radiator. The 2.4 GHz operating band is realized by embedding a slot within the PIFA patch. The final design shows an extremely small electrical size, relatively wide bandwidths, and reasonable radiation efficiencies in both bands. An analysis of the effect of bending shows the robust performance of the antenna.
关键词： wearable antenna,planar inverted F antenna (PIFA),characteristic mode theory,dual-band antenna
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[Institution of Engineering and Technology 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018) - London, UK (9-13 April 2018)] 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018) - Fabric Based Beam Steering Wearable Antenna Array
摘要： A beam steering fabric based parasitic antenna array is introduced for operation at around 4.4 GHz. The array designed and built using conductive and nonconductive fabric materials and PIN diode switches show steering along 90, 0, and 270 degrees along the azimuth with measured peak gain between 6.8 to 8.5 dBi.
关键词： wearable antenna,beam steering Array,parasitic array,fabric antenna
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[Institution of Engineering and Technology 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018) - London, UK (9-13 April 2018)] 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018) - Thin Cavity-Backed Slot Antenna for Deeply Implantable Devices
摘要： Active implantable medical devices have tremendously improved the life quality and span of millions of people. Wireless power and/or information transfer between implanted and external devices bring huge benefits to patients, clinicians and researchers in terms of comfortability, mobility, implanted device performance optimisation, transferring critical physiological information for treatment, understanding desease, drug development and so on. In this context, implanted and wearable antennas are critical components for building a robust link between implanted and external devices. This paper reports on a thin cavity-backed slot wearable antenna that was designed for communication with a deeply implanted device. Apart from general requirement of antenna performance, the wearable antenna design places emphasis on ergonomics and user comfort. The fabricated thin and light weight circular cavity-backed slot antenna was assembled with a breathable foam and a flexible conductive sheet. The measured antenna bandwidth overlaps with implanted device operating frequency range. A computer model was used to estimate the path loss in tissue. The antenna was placed on the human model chest wall and the path loss to the target implantation site was calculated. The simulation results suggest that the path loss at an implantation depth of 6 cm from skin is about 25 dB.
关键词： wearable antenna,transmission characterisation,implantable device,cavity-back antenna
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Augmented System for Immersive 3D Expansion and Interaction
摘要： In the field of augmented reality technologies, commercial optical see-through-type wearable displays have difficulty providing immersive visual experiences, because users perceive different depths between virtual views on display surfaces and see-through views to the real world. Many cases of augmented reality applications have adopted eyeglasses-type displays (EGDs) for visualizing simple 2D information, or video see-through-type displays for minimizing virtual- and real-scene mismatch errors. In this paper, we introduce an innovative optical see-through-type wearable display hardware, called an EGD. In contrast to common head-mounted displays, which are intended for a wide field of view, our EGD provides more comfortable visual feedback at close range. Users of an EGD device can accurately manipulate close-range virtual objects and expand their view to distant real environments. To verify the feasibility of the EGD technology, subject-based experiments and analysis are performed. The analysis results and EGD-related application examples show that EGD is useful for visually expanding immersive 3D augmented environments consisting of multiple displays.
关键词： eyeglasses-type display,3D stereoscopic display,Wearable display,close-range interaction
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[Institution of Engineering and Technology 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018) - London, UK (9-13 April 2018)] 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018) - Textile-based UHF RFID patch antenna with H-slot
摘要： The paper presents an analysis and fabrication of two wearable textile-based UHF patch antennas with H-shaped slot for RFID applications. Both prototypes are fabricated by embroidering conductive yarn into denim textile. The two antennas differ in embroidered grid density. Performance of the designed and fabricated textile antennas have been evaluated in terms of the antenna gain, input impedance and radiation patterns. The RFID chip was integrated with the antennas and read-range was tested.
关键词： Radio Frequency Identification,wearable antenna,low profile antenna,RFID,textile antenna
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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ESTIMATION OF SPECIFIC ABSORPTION RATE USING INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY FOR THE BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF WEARABLE WIRELESS DEVICES
摘要： Wearable wireless technology has developed as an exciting topic over the last couple of years. With the extensive use of Wearable Wireless Devices (WWD) in greater proximity to the body for various wireless applications, the concern about biological effects due to the interaction of human tissues with the radiations is growing. In this research, we investigate the application of Infrared Thermography (IRT) to obtain temperature dynamics and reconstruct Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) to evaluate the exposure amenability of WWDs. A microstrip monopole antenna on a wearable substrate is used to determine the biological effects of the interaction of electromagnetic (EM) waves on the body. SAR is obtained using EM field simulations and by reconstruction from thermal measurements with the use of bio-heat equations for a continuous exposure of 300 s. Validation of IRT to reconstruct SAR is demonstrated by comparison with EM computations. The maximum SAR was 32 mW/kg, for simulations and 35 mW/kg, from reconstruction after IRT experiments. The maximum temperature change in both cases was always less than 1?C. The difference between the SAR obtained through IRT and simulation tools accounted for an average of 8.7%. Information acquired using IR temperature dynamics can yield SAR values which can assess radio frequency exposure compliance for WWD at frequencies used for modern wireless technologies, with reliability.
关键词： Specific Absorption Rate,Bio-heat equations,Wearable Wireless Devices,EM field simulations,Infrared Thermography
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14