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- 2019
- Topological change
- Multi-hop routing
- low latency
- Wearable Wireless Sensor Network
- wearable devices
- Communication Engineering
- Shenyang Ligong University
- Northeastern University
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Plastics Get Flexible for Electronics
摘要： Integrated circuitry, “wraparound” electronics, and other conductive applications are being made possible using plastics. Whether plastics are in electronics—or even are the electronics—in consumer and industrial applications, novel conductive polymers and processing methods are helping 21st-century plastics engineers realize new performance and aesthetics benchmarks. In particular, the skyrocketing popularity of portable, personal, or more visually pleasing electronics is driving industry innovation across the board—from flexible electronics used in wearable, automotive, or appliance displays, to high-impact plastics for protecting sensitive electronics on the go. Conductive inks for in-mold use and polymers modified with conductive metal nanoparticles are also spurring searches for commercial uses of novel materials.
关键词： conductive polymers,flexible electronics,automotive displays,plastics,wearable electronics,in-mold electronic inks
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Wireless and mobile optical chemical sensors and biosensors
摘要： This review explores the current state-of-the-art wireless and mobile optical chemical sensors and biosensors. The review is organised into three sections, each of which investigates a major class of wireless and/or mobile optical chemical sensor: (i) optical sensors integrated with a radio transmitter/transceiver, (ii) wearable optical sensors, and (iii) smartphone camera-based sensors. In each section, the specific challenges and trade-offs surrounding the (bio)chemical sensing mechanism and material architecture, miniaturisation, integration, power requirements, readout, and sensitivity are explored with detailed examples of sensor systems from the literature. The analysis of 77 original research articles published between 2007 and 2017 reveals that healthcare and medicine, environmental monitoring, food quality, and sport and fitness are the target markets for wireless and mobile optical chemical sensor systems. In particular, the current trend for personal fitness tracking is driving research into novel colourimetric wearable sensors with smartphone readout. We conclude that despite the challenges, mobile and wearable optical chemical sensor systems are set to play a major role in the sensor Internet of Things.
关键词： smartphone,chemical sensors,optical sensors,wearable,biosensors
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) - Honolulu, HI, USA (2018.7.18-2018.7.21)] 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) - Fusing non-contact vital sign sensing modalities - first results*
摘要： A wearable multi-sensor system allowing synchronized unobtrusive measurements of 4 vital signs at a dedicated location of interest is presented. The 4xU sensor is capable of synchronously measuring magnetic impedance, reflective photoplethysmography, capacitive electrocardiogram and seismocardiography (ballistocardiography). The hardware of all modalities is described and some preliminary results are reported.
关键词： ballistocardiography,vital signs,reflective photoplethysmography,magnetic impedance,seismocardiography,wearable multi-sensor system,capacitive electrocardiogram
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) - Honolulu, HI (2018.7.18-2018.7.21)] 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) - Respiratory and cardiac monitoring at night using a wrist wearable optical system
摘要： Sleep monitoring provides valuable insights into the general health of an individual and helps in the diagnostic of sleep-derived illnesses. Polysomnography, is considered the gold standard for such task. However, it is very unwieldy and therefore not suitable for long-term analysis. Here, we present a non-intrusive wearable system that, by using photoplethysmography, it can estimate beat-to-beat intervals, pulse rate, and breathing rate reliably during the night. The performance of the proposed approach was evaluated empirically in the Department of Psychology at the University of Fribourg. Each participant was wearing two smart-bracelets from Ava as well as a complete polysomnographic setup as reference. The resulting mean absolute errors are 17.4 ms (MAPE 1.8%) for the beat-to-beat intervals, 0.13 beats-per-minute (MAPE 0.20%) for the pulse rate, and 0.9 breaths-per-minute (MAPE 6.7%) for the breath rate.
关键词： pulse rate,beat-to-beat intervals,wearable system,sleep monitoring,photoplethysmography,breathing rate
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Motion Artifact Cancellation in Wearable Photoplethysmography Using Gyroscope
摘要： Wearable reflectance-type photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors, in the form of a band or watch, have recently gained significant attention for real-time heart rate (HR) monitoring applications. To accurately estimate the HR, even during intensive exercise, much effort has focused on simultaneously measured accelerometer signals that cancel out motion artifacts (MAs) from the PPG signal. However, the accelerometer does not always measure true MAs, as it measures not only the acceleration of motion but also gravitational acceleration corresponding to each axis of the accelerometer. In addition, the measured acceleration of the motion itself does not always coincide with the true motion. In this paper, we address the limitations of accelerometers and present an approach using a gyroscope to overcome the issues described. To our knowledge, the limitations of the acceleration signals for MA cancellation have not been addressed in-depth. Here we describe our developed wearable reflectance-type PPG sensor and compare the HR estimation performance between using a gyroscope and an accelerometer from 24 subjects. Our results showed that the gyroscope-assisted approach exhibited better performance than the accelerometer-assisted approach, especially for exercise involving walking.
关键词： wearable device,motion artifacts,photoplethysmography,Accelerometer,gyroscope
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Fusing Near-Infrared Spectroscopy with Wearable Hemodynamic Measurements Improves Classification of Mental Stress
摘要： Human-computer interaction (HCI) technology, and the automatic classification of a person’s mental state, are of interest to multiple industries. In this work, the fusion of sensing modalities that monitor the oxygenation of the human prefrontal cortex (PFC) and cardiovascular physiology was evaluated to differentiate between rest, mental arithmetic and N-back memory tasks. A flexible headband to measure near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for quantifying PFC oxygenation, and forehead photo-plethysmography (PPG) for assessing peripheral cardiovascular activity was designed. Physiological signals such as the electrocardiogram (ECG) and seismocardiogram (SCG) were collected, along with the measurements obtained using the headband. The setup was tested and validated with a total of 16 human subjects performing a series of arithmetic and N-back memory tasks. Features extracted were related to cardiac and peripheral sympathetic activity, vasomotor tone, pulse wave propagation, and oxygenation. Machine learning techniques were utilized to classify rest, arithmetic, and N-back tasks, using leave-one-subject-out cross validation. Macro-averaged accuracy of 85%, precision of 84%, recall rate of 83%, and F1 score of 80% were obtained from the classification of the three states. Statistical analyses on the subject-based results demonstrate that the fusion of NIRS and peripheral cardiovascular sensing significantly improves the accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores, compared to using NIRS sensing alone. Moreover, the fusion significantly improves the precision compared to peripheral cardiovascular sensing alone. The results of this work can be used in the future to design a multi-modal wearable sensing system for classifying mental state for applications such as acute stress detection.
关键词： wearable sensing,mental stress classification,near-infrared spectroscopy,Sensor fusion
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Rearrangeable and exchangeable optical module with system-on-chip for wearable functional near-infrared spectroscopy system
摘要： We developed a system-on-chip (SoC)-incorporated light-emitting diode (LED) and avalanche photo-diode (APD) modules to improve the usability and flexibility of a fiberless wearable functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) system. The SoC has a microprocessing unit and programmable circuits. The time division method and the lock-in method were used for separately detecting signals from different positions and signals of different wavelengths, respectively. Each module autonomously works for this time-divided-lock-in measurement with a high sensitivity for haired regions. By supplying t3.3 V of power and base and data clocks, the LED module emits both 730- and 855-nm wavelengths of light, amplitudes of which are modulated in each lock-in frequency generated from the base clock, and the APD module provides the lock-in detected signals synchronizing with the data clock. The SoC provided many functions, including automatic-power-control of the LED, automatic judgment of detected power level, and automatic-gain-control of the programmable gain amplifier. The number and the arrangement of modules can be adaptively changed by connecting this exchangeable modules in a daisy chain and setting the parameters dependent on the probing position. Therefore, users can configure a variety of arrangements (single- or multidistance combinations) of them with this module-based system.
关键词： wearable,functional near-infrared spectroscopy,system-on-chip,module-based system
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Stretchable Conjugated Polymers: A Case Study in Topic Selection for New Research Groups
摘要： The field of π-conjugated (semiconducting) polymers has been underwritten largely because of the promise of flexible (and increasingly, stretchable) devices for energy and health care. Our research group has spent much of the past six years studying the mechanical properties of conjugated polymers. Mechanically robust materials can extend the life spans of devices such as solar cells and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) panels and enable high throughput processing techniques such as roll-to-roll printing. Additionally, wearable and implantable devices, including electronic skin, implantable pressure sensors, and haptic actuators, benefit by having moduli and extensibilities close to those of biological tissue. At the time of our laboratory’s inception, however, the optoelectronic properties of conjugated polymers were understood in much greater depth than their mechanical properties. We therefore set out, as our laboratory’s first research topic, to understand the molecular and microstructural determinants of the mechanical properties of conjugated polymers. This is an Account not only of our scientific findings but also of the pragmatic aspects, including personnel, funding, and time constraints, behind our studies as a nascent research group. We hope that this Account will provide information to newly independent scientists about the process of starting a new research laboratory.
关键词： π-conjugated polymers,stretchable electronics,organic semiconductors,mechanical properties,wearable devices
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Study on the Oxidation of Copper Nanowire Network Electrodes for Skin Mounttable Flexible, Stretchable and Wearable Electronics Applications
摘要： Copper nanowires (Cu NWs) are suitable material as an electrode for flexible, stretchable and wearable devices due to their excellent mechanical properties, high transparency, good conductivity, and low cost, but oxidation problem limits their practical use and application. In order to use Cu NWs as an electrode for advanced flexible, stretchable and wearable devices attached directly to the skin, the influence of the body temperature on the oxidation of Cu NWs needs to be investigated. In this paper, the oxidation behavior of Cu NWs at high temperature (more than 80 °C) as well as body temperature is studied which has been remained largely questionable to date, and an effective encapsulation method is proposed to prevent the oxidation of Cu NWs electrode in the range of body temperatures.
关键词： Copper nanowires,x-ray diffraction,encapsulation,oxidation,wearable electronics
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[IEEE 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) - Honolulu, HI (2018.7.18-2018.7.21)] 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) - Kick LL: A Smartwatch for Monitoring Respiration and Heart Rate using Photoplethysmography
摘要： With the growing popularity of wearable devices in the consumer space, interest in leveraging this technological platform in the medical field is rising. In this report, we describe a smartwatch capable of measuring respiration and heart rate using photoplethysmography (PPG). The device couples a photosensor, specifically tuned bandpass filters, and frequency content analysis to extract respiration and heart rate from the PPG signal. The results from the experimental device were compared to a commercial chest strap heart rate monitor. Respiratory rate measurements agreed within 1 breath per minute and heart rate measurements agreed within 3-4 beats per minute of the reference device. Furthermore, the device was packaged in an untethered wristwatch allowing for real-time measurements and analysis.
关键词： heart rate,respiration rate,smartwatch,photoplethysmography,wearable devices
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46