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Treatment of port wine stain with Tixel‐induced rapamycin delivery following pulsed dye laser application
摘要： Background: Although pulsed dye laser (PDL) is considered the gold standard treatment for port wine stains (PWS), post PDL revascularization is one of the main causes of incomplete regression and recurrence. Recently, topical sirolimus have been shown to improve treatment outcome probably through minimizing post-laser revascularization. Objectives: We sought to evaluate the added value of the Tixel drug delivery system (DDS) to the PDL and topical rapamycin treatment for PWS. Materials and Methods: This case series includes 3 teenager patients with previously treated PWS with PDL. Upon enrollment, every stain was divided into A and B halves for treatment assignments to the following regimens: (A) PDL + DDS + Rapamycin; (B) PDL+ Rapamycin. Subjects were instructed to apply Rapamycin topically over the PWS twice daily for the entire treatment period. Assessment of the treatment and adverse reactions as well as photographs was performed at baseline and before every PDL treatment. Results: There were clinically significant differences in blanching responses favoring PWS receiving PDL + DDS + Rapamycin as compared to PDL + Rapamycin alone. Transient hyperpigmentation was noted in 1 patient. Two patients developed mild transient irritation and dermatitis following the treatment on both halves. Conclusion: The use of drug delivery system combined with topical rapamycin has no remarkable adverse effects, improves the results of PDL treatment for port wine stains, and can reduce the total number of required PDL sessions.
关键词： tixel,port wine stain,pulsed dye laser,Drug delivery,Rapamycin
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Application of Spectroscopic UV-Vis and FT-IR Screening Techniques Coupled with Multivariate Statistical Analysis for Red Wine Authentication: Varietal and Vintage Year Discrimination
摘要： One of the most important issues in the wine sector and prevention of adulterations of wines are discrimination of grape varieties, geographical origin of wine, and year of vintage. In this experimental research study, UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopic screening analytical approaches together with chemometric pattern recognition techniques were applied and compared in addressing two wine authentication problems: discrimination of (i) varietal and (ii) year of vintage of red wines produced in the same oenological region. UV-Vis and FT-IR spectra of red wines were registered for all the samples and the principal features related to chemical composition of the samples were identi?ed. Furthermore, for the discrimination and classi?cation of red wines a multivariate data analysis was developed. Spectral UV-Vis and FT-IR data were reduced to a small number of principal components (PCs) using principal component analysis (PCA) and then partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were performed in order to develop qualitative classi?cation and regression models. The ?rst three PCs used to build the models explained 89% of the total variance in the case of UV-Vis data and 98% of the total variance for FR-IR data. PLS-DA results show that acceptable linear regression ?ts were observed for the varietal classi?cation of wines based on FT-IR data. According to the obtained LDA classi?cation rates, it can be a?rmed that UV-Vis spectroscopy works better than FT-IR spectroscopy for the discrimination of red wines according to the grape variety, while classi?cation of wines according to year of vintage was better for the LDA based FT-IR data model. A clear discrimination of aged wines (over six years) was observed. The proposed methodologies can be used as accessible tools for the wine identity assurance without the need for costly and laborious chemical analysis, which makes them more accessible to many laboratories.
关键词： chemometrics,FT-IR,wine authentication,spectroscopic techniques,UV-Vis
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Criteria of pressure and thermal damage during laser irradiation of port wine stains: Which is dominant to vascular lesions?
摘要： Port wine stains (PWSs) are congenital dermal vessel proliferations mainly treated with laser therapy. The complete removal of the vessel lesions is rarely achieved because of a lack of discriminatory analysis of the two competitive laser damages to blood vessels, namely, pressure damage and thermal damage. Unlike complete vessel constriction, which is caused by thermal damage that can be measured by temperature-related integral X, vessel rupture results from pressure damage, which has been seldom studied. In this study, the rupture potential index based on wall pressure (RPIP) was calculated as the ratio of locally acting pressure to the pressure threshold. RPIP > 1 and X > 103 were adopted as benchmarks to judge pressure damage (vessel rupture) and thermal damage (complete vessel constriction), respectively. A computational fluid dynamics simulation was carried out to provide the temperature and pressure field in the PWS vessel model during irradiation by 595 nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) or 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser. Numerical results showed that for the 595 nm laser, vessels constantly underwent rupture. The area of high RPIP determined the degree of rupture by predicting the large and multiple rupture locations of the vessel. By contrast, for the 1064 nm laser, complete constriction was the main damage type. To a single vessel of 100 lm diameter, the optimized laser parameters were E = 10 J/cm2 with tp = 6 ms for 595 nm PDL and E = 180 J/cm2 with tp = 6 ms 1064 nm for Nd:YAG laser.
关键词： Port wine stains,Vessel rupture,Vessel constriction,Computational fluid dynamics,Laser treatment
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Quantitative Analysis of Multiple Components in Wine Fermentation using Raman Spectroscopy
摘要： Glucose and ethanol are critical quality control components in the wine fermentation process. In this study, we present a novel method in which Fourier Transform (FT)-Raman spectroscopy and chemometric techniques are used to quantitatively analyze ethanolic beverages produced by fermentation. Chromium (VI) Oxide (CrO3) was flame-sealed into a fused silica cuvette and used as external standard. Band ratios between the Raman bands of the target molecule and that of CrO3 were calculated and found to be proportional to the concentration of ethanol and glucose. This method can eliminate factors such as laser power or instrumental effects. After pre-processing the spectra, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares (PLS) were selected as the multivariate calibration models. The prediction models proved to be robust resulting in a desirable mapping between the spectra and output attributes. This method could predict the ethanol and glucose concentrations simultaneously and produced a more linear calibration curve. As a result, there is a great potential to use Raman spectroscopy in wine fermentation process and on line fermentation control.
关键词： Raman spectroscopy,principal component analysis,Partial least squares,wine fermentation,quantitative analysis
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Piezoelectric-Based Support Transducer Design to Enable High-Performance Bulk Mode Resonators
摘要： An innovative topology to realize high-performance bulk mode devices made up of low-defect material by driving them into resonance using piezoelectric thin-film transduction is proposed and implemented in this paper. Here, the piezoelectric transducer is uniquely positioned at the bulk mode’s support location. To realize the resonators, MEMSCAP Inc.’s PiezoMUMPS platform was utilized. Wine-glass and Lamé bulk mode devices are demonstrated to establish the feasibility of the support transducer drive/sense mechanism. Several drive/sense combinations of the balanced–unbalanced setup were measured. For the differential-in differential-out configuration, reduced feedthrough and enhanced stop-band rejection was observed. As a result, the Wine-glass and Lamé mode resonators having a resonance frequency ( fr ) of 20.943 and 21.15 MHz with a motional resistance (Rm) of 1.68 and 3.88 kΩ and a loaded quality factor ( Ql ) of 9940 and 6840, respectively, operating in vacuum at 0-dBm driving power are demonstrated. Temperature Coefficient of Frequency of ?26.4 and ?25 ppm/K is recorded for Wine-glass and Lamé mode resonators, respectively. To characterize the closed-loop response of the devices, they were connected to a lock-in amplifier with phase-locked loop, and a phase noise of ?122 and ?118 dBc/Hz at 1-kHz offset were measured for Wine-glass and Lamé mode resonators, respectively.
关键词： Bulk mode,wine-glass,transducer,differential-in,piezoelectric,Lamé mode,differential-out,phase noise,temperature coefficient of frequency
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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A photoresponsive molecularly imprinted polymer with rapid visible-light-induced photoswitching for 4-ethylphenol in red wine
摘要： The trans to cis isomerization of the azobenzene chromophore in most azobenzene-based photoresponsive molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) is initiated by UV irradiation. This limits the application of these materials in cases where UV light toxicity is an issue, such as in biological systems, food monitoring, and drug delivery. Herein we report a tetra-ortho-methyl substituted azobenzene, (4-[(4-methacryloyloxy)-2,6-dimethyl phenylazo]-3,5-dimethyl benzenesulfonic acid (MADPADSA). The photoswitching of MADPADSA could be induced by visible-light in 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer-ethanol (4:1, v/v) at pH 7.0, however, the photo-isomerization was slow. With the use of MADPADSA as a functional monomer, NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ as a substrate, 4-ethylphenol (4-EP) as a template, a novel photoresponsive surface molecularly imprinted polymer NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+@MIP was obtained. The NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+@MIP displayed rapid visible-light-induced photoswitching. The NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ substrate could efficiently increase the trans to cis isomerization rate of the photoresponsive MIP on its surface, which was faster than that of the corresponding azobenzene monomer MADPADSA. Possible reasons for this effect were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+@MIP displayed good specificity toward 4-EP with a specific binding constant (Kd) of 3.67 × 10?6 mol L?1 and an apparent maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) of 10.73 μmol g?1, respectively. NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+@MIP was applied to determine the concentration of 4-EP in red wine with good efficiency and a limit of detection lower than the value that could cause an unpleasant off-flavor.
关键词： Molecularly imprinted polymer,Visible-light-induced photoswitching,4-Ethylphenol,Red wine,Azobenzene
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14