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<p>Photoluminescent And Self-Assembled Hyaluronic Acid-Zinc Oxide-Ginsenoside Rh2 Nanoparticles And Their Potential Caspase-9 Apoptotic Mechanism Towards Cancer Cell Lines</p>
摘要： Background: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are used in modern cancer therapy based on their specific target, efficacy, low toxicity and biocompatibility. The photocatalytic performance of Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposites with hyaluronic acid (HA) was used to study anticancer properties against various human cancer cell lines. Methods: Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposites functionalized by hyaluronic acid (HA) were prepared by a co-precipitation method (HA-ZnONcs). The submicron-flower-shaped nanocomposites were further functionalized with ginsenoside Rh2 by a cleavable ester bond via carbodiimide chemistry to form Rh2HAZnO. The physicochemical behaviors of the synthesized ZnO nanocomposites were characterized by various analytical and spectroscopic techniques. We carried out 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to evaluate the toxicity of Rh2HAZnO in various human cancer cells (A549, MCF-7, and HT29). Furthermore, to confirm the apoptotic effects of Rh2HAZnO and to determine the role of the Caspase-9/p38 MAPK pathways by various molecular techniques such as RT-PCR and Western blotting. Furthermore, Rh2HAZnO induced morphological changes of these cell lines, mainly intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were observed by ROS staining and nucleus by Hoechst staining. Results: We confirmed that Rh2HAZnO exhibits the anti-cancer effects on A549 lung cancer, HT29 colon cancer, and MCF7 breast cancer cells. Moreover, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were observed in three cancer cell lines. Rh2HAZnO induced apoptotic process through p53-mediated pathway by upregulating p53 and BAX and downregulating BCL2. Specifically, Rh2HAZnO induced activation of cleaved PARP (Asp214) in A549 lung cancer cells and upregulated Caspase-9/phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in other cell lines (HT29 and MCF-7). Furthermore, Rh2HAZnO induced morphological changes in the nucleus of these cell lines. Conclusion: These results suggest that the potential anticancer activity of novel Rh2HAZnO nanoparticles might be linked to induction of apoptosis through the generation of ROS by activation of the Caspase-9/p38 MAPK pathway.
关键词： anticancer activity,ginsenoside Rh2,zinc oxide nanocomposites,drug delivery,cytotoxicity,Dendropanax morbifera Léveille
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Growth of Zinc Oxide Nanorods with the Thickness of Less than or Equal to 1? <i>μ</i> m through Zinc Acetate or Zinc Nitrate for Perovskite Solar Cell Applications
摘要： Arrays of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod (NR) were fabricated in a vertical axis direction through the two-step method of seed layer’s deposition and growth of the NR. The seed layer was applied by spin coating with a three-time repetition (n) and rotational speed (v) at 3000 rpm. After the seed layer had grown, ZnO NRs were grown with a growth solution made by combining one zinc source with one hydroxide source. There were two di?erent zinc sources, i.e., zinc acetate dehydrate and zinc nitrate hexahydrate and, for comparison, zinc acetate (ZA) and zinc nitrate (ZN) were each combined with the same hydroxide source, hexamethylene-tetramine (HMT). Later, the growth solutions were processed by the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method using a waterbath machine. The CBD method was started at room temperature until it reached the designated temperature at 85°C. At that point, the growth time was calculated from the zero-minute condition. It was found that ZnO NRs had already grown at a thickness of about 100 nm for both ZA and ZN sources. The growth time varied at 15, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after the zero-minute point. By using two separate and independent zinc sources while growing ZnO NRs at various growth periods, several ZnO NRs’ thicknesses were controlled. According to a paper by Lee et al., the lower thickness of ZnO NRs boosted the charge transfer properties of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because the series resistance between ZnO/perovskite interfaces was lessened. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were observed to analyze the morphological shape of the ZnO NRs. X-ray di?raction (XRD) pro?les were characterized to obtain the data for ZnO NR crystallinity. Full width at half maximum (FWHM) analysis was performed at the (002) ZnO peak to calculate the crystal size of the peak. From the results, the smallest crystallite sizes for ZnO NRs grown from ZA and ZN sources were 10.70 nm and 19.29 nm, respectively, which would be the most suitable condition for PSC application.
关键词： zinc oxide nanorods,perovskite solar cells,chemical bath deposition,spin coating,seed layer
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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ZnO nanocrystals shuttled by extracellular vesicles as effective Trojan nano-horses against cancer cells
摘要： The effective application of nanoparticles in cancer theranostics is jeopardized by their aggregation in biological media, rapid degradation and clearance. The design of biomimetic nanoconstructs with enhanced colloidal stability and non-immunogenicity is therefore essential. We propose naturally stable cell-derived extracellular vesicles to encapsulate zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocrystals as efficacious nanodrugs, to obtain highly biomimetic and stable Trojan nano-horses (TNHs). Materials & methods: Coupling efficiency, biostability, cellular cytotoxicity and internalization were tested. Results: In vitro studies showed a high internalization of TNHs into cancer cells and efficient cytotoxic activity thanks to ZnO intracellular release. Conclusion: TNHs represent an efficient biomimetic platform for future nanotheranostic applications, with biomimetic extracellular vesicle-lipid envelope, facilitated ZnO cellular uptake and potential therapeutic implications.
关键词： biomimetics,extracellular vesicles,colloidal stability,cytotoxicity,nanocrystals,zinc oxide
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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The enhanced light harvesting performance of dye-sensitized solar cells based on ZnO nanorod-TiO2 nanotube hybrid photoanodes
摘要： In this study, TiO2/ZnO hybrid nanocomposites (TZ) were fabricated by two step synthesis route for potential applications as photoanode in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Titania nanotubes were grown on titanium sheets by electrochemical oxidation. ZnO nanorods were decorated with hydrothermal method by equimolar (0.1M) precursors on TiO2 nanotubes. Hydrothermal temperatures values were changed to find the optimal ZnO hydrothermal reaction temperature can dramatically enhance the decoration density to increase photo conversion efficiency. The characterization of the photoanode was reached 1.67% for hydrothermal temperature of 130 °C which is twofold performance of TZ photoanodes. The photo conversation efficiency of DSSC by TZ were decorated with hydrothermal method by equimolar (0.1M) precursors on TiO2 photoanodes was made using FE-SEM, XRD and XPS technics. The results show that, higher than that of DSSC by TiO2 nanotubes (0.81%). The improvement in photo conversation conversion efficiency can be assigned to synergetic effect in TZ photoanode, lower recombination rate and charge transfer resistance.
关键词： TiO2 nanotube array,light harvesting,hydrothermal method,Zinc oxide,DSSC
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Multistage Degradation Mechanisms in Cu(In, Ga)Se2 Photovoltaic Modules Prepared by Co-Evaporation: Toward High Performances and Enhanced Stability
摘要： This study compared the stability and durability of copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS)-type solar cells prepared using one-step and three-step co-evaporation methods by investigating the causes of degradation in each layer in detail. Measurements recorded using a solar simulator showed that the sample prepared using the three-step method had better device performance owing to the large-grained structure of the CIGS absorber layer, which reduced the carrier recombination. Focusing on the discrepancy in grain size, multifarious degradation tests were conducted according to the IEC 61646 standard to evaluate the stability of the cells under harsh environments such as high humidity (85 %), high temperature (85 ℃), and mechanical load. Damp heat (85 %/85 ℃) did not affect the CIGS resistivities in either sample, whereas all the aluminum-doped zinc oxide layers degraded, as determined by confirming the chemisorbed oxygen by exposure to a hot, humid environment. After 200 thermal cycles, the CIGS layers in both samples were mainly degraded while there were no changes in the resistivities of the AZO layer in either sample. The thermal cycling test highlights that the initial resistivities of the one-step sample showed a decisive change before and after thermal cycling compared to the three-step sample. This change might be caused carriers being scattered at the grain boundaries. Although there were no big differences in the FT-IR spectra before and after thermal cycling, both XRD and XPS results confirmed that not only copper indium sulfide selenium elements of secondary phase were newly observed by sulfide diffusion from the CdS layer, but also that each element (Cu, In, Ga, and Se) was slightly oxidized by the rapid temperature variation from ?45 ℃ to 85 ℃. These results prove that the three-step co-evaporation method can produce cells with much higher stability and durability, even when operated under high humidity and temperature conditions.
关键词： Degradation mechanism,Copper indium gallium selenide,Co-evaporation,Grain size,Stability,Aluminum-doped zinc oxide
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Solution-Processed Phototransistors Combining Organic Absorber and Charge Transporting Oxide for Visible to Infrared Light Detection
摘要： This report demonstrates high-performance infrared phototransistors that uses a broadband absorbing organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) layer responsive from the visible to the shortwave infrared, from 500 nm to 1400 nm. The device structure is based on a bilayer transistor channel that decouples charge photogeneration and transport, enabling independent optimization of each process. The organic BHJ layer is improved by incorporating camphor, a highly polarizable additive that increases carrier lifetime. An indium zinc oxide transport layer with high electron mobility is employed for rapid charge transport. As a result, the phototransistors achieve a dynamic range of 127 dB and reach a specific detectivity of 5×1012 Jones under low power illumination of 20 nW/cm2, outperforming commercial germanium photodiodes in the spectral range below 1300 nm. The photodetector metrics are measured with respect to the applied voltage, incident light power, and temporal bandwidth, demonstrating operation at the video-frame rate of 50 Hz. In particular, the frequency and light dependence of the phototransistor characteristics are analyzed to understand the change in photoconductive gain under different working conditions.
关键词： shortwave infrared,phototransistor,indium zinc oxide,bulk heterojunction,carrier lifetime,semiconducting polymer,camphor
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Coupling of Ag2CO3 to an optimized ZnO photocatalyst: Advantages vs. disadvantages
摘要： With the aim of improving the photocatalytic properties of a previously optimized zinc oxide photocatalyst, the effect of the incorporation of different amounts of Ag2CO3 on the aforementioned ZnO has been studied. For this purpose we report the synthesis, by means of simple precipitation procedures, of bare ZnO and Ag2CO3 samples as well as the coupled materials ZnO/Ag2CO3 (X) (where X = 1%, 2%, 4% and 5% in molar percentages). Both, single and coupled materials have been characterized by different techniques (XRD, XRF, N2-absorption, SEM, TEM, UV–vis/DRS and XPS). To assess the advantages or disadvantages that Ag2CO3 addition could have over the optimized ZnO, the photocatalytic properties have been established by following the photo-degradation of selected toxic molecules, both in the UV and in the visible, as well as using complementary techniques of liquid medium analyses (TOC and Atomic Emission Spectrometry with plasma ICP). Three selected substrates were chosen: Rhodamine B (RhB) as a dye, and phenol and caffeine as colourless recalcitrant toxic molecules.
关键词： Visible-Photocatalysis,Zinc oxide,Dyes,Ag2CO3,Caffeine,Phenol
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Effect of Annealing on Optical Properties of Zinc Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Homemade Spin Coater
摘要： Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were deposited on the ordinary glass substrates by spin coating method. The precursor solution was prepared by mixing zinc acetate dihydrate in appropriate proportions with ethanol and diethanolamine (DEA). The obtained thin films were dried at 200oC for 15 minutes in hot air oven. Crystalline ZnO thin films were achieved following annealing process at temperatures 300o, 400o and 500oC for 2 hours. Thin films as- prepared were studied by X-ray diffraction and UV-visible spectroscopy. The films were transparent from near ultraviolet to infrared region. Optical band gap energy of ZnO was obtained 3.22 eV at 300oC. On annealing at 400o and 500oC, band gap energy was shifted at 3.14 eV and 3.05 eV respectively.
关键词： annealing,absorption spectra,sol-gel method,zinc oxide,band gap energy
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Transparent and Flexible Thin-Film Transistors with High Performance Prepared at Ultralow Temperatures by Atomic Layer Deposition
摘要： High-performance, transparent, and flexible thin-film transistors (TFTs) with polycrystalline channels in a bottom-gate structure are successfully fabricated at extremely low temperatures of 80, 90, and 100 °C by atomic layer deposition (ALD) in which ZnO and Al2O3 are used as channels and dielectric layers, respectively. The transistors are superior to silicon-based TFTs in which high temperatures are necessarily involved in both preparation and postgrowth annealing. Among all devices, TFTs grown at 100 °C exhibit the best performance which can be attributed to the lowest grain boundary trap density. Additionally, the TFTs are successfully transferred to plastic substrates without any performance degradation, which shows a high mobility of 37.1 cm2 V?1 s?1, a high on/off-state current ratio of 107 at VDS = 0.1 V, a small subthreshold swing of 0.38 V dec?1, and a proper threshold voltage of 1.34 V as well as an excellent bias stability.
关键词： bottom gate/top contacts,thin-film transistors,oxide,atomic layer deposition,zinc oxide,aluminum
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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High performance acetone sensor based on γ-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/Al-ZnO nanocomposites
摘要： Ternary nanocomposites made of γ-iron oxide and aluminium-doped zinc oxide (γ-Fe2O3/Al-ZnO NCs), with different metal oxides ratio (0-100%) were prepared through a solvothermal sol-gel process. The synthesized γ-Fe2O3/Al-ZnO NCs were employed to prepare conductometric gas sensors, then their sensing performances toward acetone were also investigated. Results revealed enhanced sensing performance of nanocomposites than both pure γ-Fe2O3 and Al-ZnO phases. In particular, the γ-Fe2O3(33%)/Al-ZnO based gas sensor showed the best sensing properties, like a high response of Rair/Rgas = 29, a short response time of 3 s, in addition to an improved selectivity toward acetone vs. ethanol at an operating temperature of 200 °C. Overall, ternary γ-Fe2O3/Al-ZnO NCs appear to be promising for the development of conductometric acetone sensors.
关键词： Nanocomposite,Iron oxide,Aluminium doped zinc oxide,γ-Fe2O3,Al-ZnO,Acetone,Gas sensor
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36