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Synthesis and photocatalytic activity of BiOBr hierarchical structures constructed by porous nanosheets with exposed (110) facets
摘要： BiOBr hierarchical structures were successfully synthesized through a solvothermal process assisted with citric acid using methanol as a solvent. The as-synthesized BiOBr hierarchical structures have diameters of ca. 1 μm, and assembled by numerous porous nanosheets with exposed (110) facets. Results indicated that the crystal growth and morphology structures of BiOBr were significantly influenced by the amount of citric acid, the solvothermal time and the solvent used in reaction. In addition, the as-synthesized BiOBr hierarchical structures exhibited high photocatalytic activity on the degradation of methyl orange under either UV light or simulated sunlight illumination, due to the larger specific surface area and unique hierarchical structures assembled by numerous BiOBr porous nanosheets.
关键词： photocatalytic,citric acid,hierarchical structures,solvothermal,BiOBr
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Copper doped nickel aluminate: Synthesis, characterisation, optical and colour properties
摘要： Novel environment friendly inorganic nano green pigments, Ni1-xCuxAl2O4 (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1) were successfully synthesized by simple, cost effective sol-gel method using citric acid as a gelling agent. Synthesized nano pigments were characterised by powder XRD, FT-IR, UV-DRS, SEM-EDX and TEM. Distribution of elements such as Ni, Cu, Al and O for the pigment Ni0.98Cu0.02Al2O4 was authenticated by elemental mapping analysis. The color parameters were studied using CIE-LAB parameters. It is evident from the DRS measurement that the band gap energy of NiAl2O4 (3.11eV) has been massively diminished to 2.63 eV when x = 0.02, unexpectedly changed the color of the pigment from cyan to green. While x = 0.1 the pigment color has turned into grey and the corresponding band gap condensed into 2.17 eV. Effect of mineralisers like NaF, CaF2, NH4H2PO4 and Li2CO3 on the color of Ni0.98Cu0.02Al2O4 was investigated.
关键词： chemical resistance,sol-gel,citric acid,Nickel aluminate,green pigment
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Acid-treated Ti4+ doped hematite photoanode for efficient solar water oxidation—Insight into surface states and charge separation
摘要： Acid-treatment has been proved to be an efficient approach to improve the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of hematite. However, efforts to optimize hematite photoanode have been limited by an inadequate understanding of the semiconductor surface. Here we make efforts to understand the microscopic charge separation processes of Ti4+ doped Fe2O3 photoanode before and after acid-treatment. Surface photovoltage (SPV) transient and the work function measurements directly reveal that acid-treatment leads to passivation of the surface states. Surface photovoltage (SPV) spectroscopic studies coupled to open-circuit photovoltage (OPV) measurements indicate that the surface states of hematite photoanode before acid-treatment result in the pinning of the Fermi level, which reduce the intensity of interfacial electric field at the semiconductor-electrolyte interface.
关键词： Water oxidation,Charge separation,Surface states,Hematite,Acid-treatment
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Functionalized fluorescent carbon nanoparticles for sensitively targeted of folate-receptor-positive cancer cells
摘要： The folic acid-functionalized fluorescent carbon dots (FA-CDs) was synthesized via the assembly of FA to the surface of CDs. A facile hydrothermal method with proline and ethylenediamine as precursors was used to fabricate CDs. The as-prepared CDs possessed active amino groups where the CDs could be further engineered for the conjugation with FA. The uptake of the as-synthesized FA-CDs by FR positive MCF-7 cells (FR++) and HepG-2 cells (FR+) via receptor-mediated endocytosis was demonstrated by confocal laser scanning microscopy, which is further verified by a comparative study with FR-negative PC-12 cells (FR-). The bright fluorescence can be observed in FR positive MCF-7 cells while negligible fluorescence was observed in PC-12 cells with low-expressed FR, demonstrating that FA-CDs could accurately identify FR-positive cancer cells from normal cells. The FA-CDs shared favorable biocompatibility, excellent optical properties and ultra-low toxicity etc. Holding these superior properties, the FA-CDs was implemented as a highly effective platform for biological labeling and imaging, which may provide a innovative vision for cancer diagnosis and succeeding personalized therapy.
关键词： Folic acid-functionalized,Targeted bioimaging,Cancer cells,Carbon dots
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Selective recovery of indium via continuous counter-current foam separation from sulfuric acid solutions I – Application of anionic organophosphate surfactant as metal collector
摘要： Continuous counter-current foam separation (CCFS) with simultaneous injections of metal and surfactant solutions respectively into rising foam bed was applied to In(III) recovery from sulfuric acid solutions containing ternary metal ions of In/Cu/Zn. Through the screening tests of the surfactants in both conventional batch foam separation and CCFS, anionic organophosphate surfactant which has similar structure to phosphoric acid extractant (D2EHPA) was selected as the metal collector, with an addition of a nonionic co-surfactant as the foam stabilizer. The optimized surfactant combination was shown anionic A219B/nonionic POOE20 in this study; the complete recovery of In(III) was attained with the enrichment ratio of 5.5, whereas those of the other metals were suppressed in trace level, resulting in the excellent selective recovery. Moreover, metal solutions of quaternary In/Fe/Cu/Zn were also examined, and a dose of reductant for interfering Fe(III) into the metal solution was executed for improving the separation efficiency; the dose of ascorbic acid could invert the affinity order of A219B from Fe > In to In > Fe. The percent recovery and enrichment ratio of In(III) were 97% and 5.5, while the separation factors of In/Fe, In/Cu and In/Zn were 93, 1300 and 1300 respectively. This is our first favorable case for expanding the choice range of target metal ions in CCFS using anionic surfactants.
关键词： Foam fractionation,Indium recovery,Anionic organophosphate surfactant,Phosphorus acid extractant,Foam separation
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Backbone Degradable Poly(aryl acetal) Photoresist Polymers: Synthesis, Acid Sensitivity, and Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography Performance
摘要： A new class of acid labile poly(aryl acetal) polymers has been developed that can be used in photoresist formulations for next-generation microlithography techniques including extreme ultraviolet (EUV) or electron beam lithography. Example polymers have been synthesized by an optimized Suzuki polycondensation protocol. They are soluble in common photoresist solvents but are insoluble in water or aqueous bases that are used to develop positive photoresists. The structural design includes further elements that are aimed at improving photoresist resolution, stability, and etch resistance. Upon acid exposure, the acetal linkages are cleaved, and the polymers degrade into phenolic terphenyl fragments, which are readily soluble in a photoresist developer. Polymer degradation has been studied by NMR and LC-MS. Lithographic formulations have been developed and tested in line-and-space patterning experiments using EUV photolithography. Optimized resist formulations achieved 22 nm resolution with line width roughness values of 5.7 nm.
关键词： poly(aryl acetal),resolution,EUV lithography,acid degradation,photoresist,line width roughness,Suzuki polycondensation
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Bulk-or-interface assignment of heterodyne-detected chiral vibrational sum frequency generation signal by its polarization dependence
摘要： Polarization dependence of heterodyne-detected chiral vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) was examined for thin films of polylactic acids and neat limonene liquid far from electronic resonance. The enantiomers of polylactic acid films on silica substrates were successfully distinguished, and their chiral VSFG signals were ascribed not to bulk but to the interfaces by comparing chiral signals observed in reflection in the S-polarized VSFG, P-polarized visible, and P-polarized infrared and P-polarized VSFG, S-polarized visible, and P-polarized infrared polarization combinations with theoretical model calculations. In the same way, the chiral VSFG signal of neat limonene was assigned to bulk, which is consistent with the previous assignment. The method employed for assigning the source of chiral signals to the bulk or the interface may be useful for organic films on substrates with low refractive indices and thick samples.
关键词： limonene,chiral vibrational sum frequency generation,polarization dependence,bulk-or-interface assignment,heterodyne detection,polylactic acid
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Oxidative Degradation of Tannic Acid in Aqueous Solution by UV/S2O82? and UV/H2O2/Fe2+ Processes: A Comparative Study
摘要： Tannic acid (TA) is a major pollutant present in the wastewater generated from vegetable tanneries process and food processing. This work studied TA degradation by two advanced oxidation processes (APOs): UV irradiation at the wavelength of 254 nm in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ferrous iron (photo-Fenton) and in the presence of potassium persulfate. The in?uence of certain experimental parameters such as K2S2O8, H2O2, Fe2+, and TA concentrations, initial pH and temperature was evaluated in order to obtain the highest ef?ciency in terms of aromatics (decay in UV absorbance at 276 nm) and TOC removals. Chemical oxidation of TA (0.1 mM) by UV/persulfate achieved 96.32% of aromatics removal and 54.41% of TOC removal under optimized conditions of pH = 9 and 53.10 mM of K2S2O8 after 60 min. The treatment of TA by photo-Fenton process successfully led to almost complete aromatics removal (99.32%) and high TOC removal (94.27%) from aqueous solutions containing 0.1 mM of TA at natural pH = 3 using 29.4 mM of H2O2 and 0.18 mM of Fe2+ at 25 ?C after 120 min. More ef?cient degradation of TA by photo-Fenton process than UV/persulfate was obtained, which con?rms that hydroxyl radicals are more powerful oxidants than sulfate radicals. The complete removal of organic pollution from natural waters can be accomplished by direct chemical oxidation via hydroxyl radicals generated from photocatalytic decomposition of H2O2.
关键词： hydroxyl radicals,degradation,photo-fenton,mineralization,UV/persulfate,sulfate radicals,Tannic acid
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Development of Ion Exchange Ligands with High Separation Performance and Colorimetric Analysis Using Gold Nanoparticles Decorated with The Functional Ligands
摘要： Development of metal separating reagents with high selectivity is necessary for efficient separation and recovery of valuable metals contained in industrial wastes, and removal and detection of toxic metals. We have developed novel metal separating ligands with a diglycolamic acid (DGAA) framework. The ligands have a tridentate coordination structure consisting of an amide group and a carboxy group connected by an ether chain and provide a metal separation ability superior to that of commercial ligands. Since the ligands can be synthesized simply in one step, this helps to reduce the production costs of the ligands. In the present review article, we report the extraction characteristics of DGAA-type ligand for 56 kinds of metal ions, extraction separation of rare-earth metal ions, and removal of toxic metal ions. Furthermore, a one-pot biological approach to fabricate DGAA-decorated gold nanoparticles has been developed using the DGAA-type ligand fused to the N-terminus of a gold-binding peptide. It was found that the DGAA-decorated gold nanoparticles can act as a high-sensitive colorimetric sensor for detecting toxic metal ions with color change.
关键词： Ion-exchange materials,Gold nanoparticles,Diglycolamic acid,Colorimetric detection,Metal separating reagents,Separation and recovery
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Regression Analysis of Protoporphyrin IX Measurements Obtained During Dermatological Photodynamic Therapy
摘要： Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a light activated drug therapy that can be used to treat a number of dermatological cancers and precancers. Improvement of efficacy is required to widen its application. Clinical protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence data were obtained using a pre-validated, non-invasive imaging system during routine methyl aminolevulinate (MAL)-PDT treatment of 172 patients with licensed dermatological indications (37.2% actinic keratosis, 27.3% superficial basal cell carcinoma and 35.5% Bowen’s disease). Linear and logistic regressions were employed to model any relationships between variables that may have affected PpIX accumulation and/or PpIX photobleaching during irradiation and thus clinical outcome at three months. Patient age was found to be associated with lower PpIX accumulation/photobleaching, however only a reduction in PpIX photobleaching appeared to consistently adversely affect treatment efficacy. Clinical clearance was reduced in lesions located on the limbs, hands and feet with lower PpIX accumulation and subsequent photobleaching adversely affecting the outcome achieved. If air cooling pain relief was employed during light irradiation, PpIX photobleaching was lower and this resulted in an approximate three-fold reduction in the likelihood of achieving clinical clearance. PpIX photobleaching during the first treatment was concluded to be an excellent predictor of clinical outcome across all lesion types.
关键词： photobleaching,aminolevulinic acid (ALA; Ameluz),dermatology,protoporphyrin IX (PpIX),imaging,methyl aminolevulinate (MAL; Metvix),photodynamic therapy (PDT),fluorescence,non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC)
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29