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Assessment of Different Sampling Methods for Measuring and Representing Macular Cone Density Using Flood-Illuminated Adaptive Optics
摘要： PURPOSE. To describe a standardized flood-illuminated adaptive optics (AO) imaging protocol suitable for the clinical setting and to assess sampling methods for measuring cone density. METHODS. Cone density was calculated following three measurement protocols: 50 × 50-μm sampling window values every 0.5° along the horizontal and vertical meridians (fixed-interval method), the mean density of expanding 0.5°-wide arcuate areas in the nasal, temporal, superior, and inferior quadrants (arcuate mean method), and the peak cone density of a 50 × 50-μm sampling window within expanding arcuate areas near the meridian (peak density method). Repeated imaging was performed in nine subjects to determine intersession repeatability of cone density. RESULTS. Cone density montages could be created for 67 of the 74 subjects. Image quality was determined to be adequate for automated cone counting for 35 (52%) of the 67 subjects. We found that cone density varied with different sampling methods and regions tested. In the nasal and temporal quadrants, peak density most closely resembled histological data, whereas the arcuate mean and fixed-interval methods tended to underestimate the density compared with histological data. However, in the inferior and superior quadrants, arcuate mean and fixed-interval methods most closely matched histological data, whereas the peak density method overestimated cone density compared with histological data. Intersession repeatability testing showed that repeatability was greatest when sampling by arcuate mean and lowest when sampling by fixed interval. CONCLUSIONS. We show that different methods of sampling can significantly affect cone density measurements. Therefore, care must be taken when interpreting cone density results, even in a normal population.
关键词： cone photoreceptor density,retina,adaptive optics
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Adaptive Solar Power Forecasting based on Machine Learning Methods
摘要： Due to the existence of predicting errors in the power systems, such as solar power, wind power and load demand, the economic performance of power systems can be weakened accordingly. In this paper, we propose an adaptive solar power forecasting (ASPF) method for precise solar power forecasting, which captures the characteristics of forecasting errors and revises the predictions accordingly by combining data clustering, variable selection, and neural network. The proposed ASPF is thus quite general, and does not require any specific original forecasting method. We first propose the framework of ASPF, featuring the data identification and data updating. We then present the applied improved k-means clustering, the least angular regression algorithm, and BPNN, followed by the realization of ASPF, which is shown to improve as more data collected. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed ASPF based on the trace-driven data.
关键词： machine learning,k-means,BPNN,adaptive solar power forecasting,LARS
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2017 4th International Conference on Opto-Electronics and Applied Optics (Optronix) - Kolkata (2017.11.2-2017.11.3)] 2017 4th International Conference on Opto-Electronics and Applied Optics (Optronix) - A noble approach to light the path trail using swarm technology
摘要： Swarm intelligence (Intro SI) is the collective behaviour of decentralized, self-organized systems, natural or artificial. It is many minds working together. It is the first step in allowing people to pool their knowledge and insights into a single elevated intelligence. The objective is to light on a path trail by the leading robot, so that the rest of the robots could follow the trail to work as a unified system, thereby reducing time and manpower.
关键词： adaptive path exploration,swarm intelligence,Robot sensing systems,cognitive map generation,neighbouring robots,path trail information
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Objective Quality Assessment of Image Enhancement Methods in Digital Mammography - A Comparative Study
摘要： Mammography is the primary and most reliable technique for detection of breast cancer. Mammograms are examined for the presence of malignant masses and indirect signs of malignancy such as micro calcifications, architectural distortion and bilateral asymmetry. However, Mammograms are X-ray images taken with low radiation dosage which results in low contrast, noisy images. Also, malignancies in dense breast are difficult to detect due to opaque uniform background in mammograms. Hence, techniques for improving visual screening of mammograms are essential. Image enhancement techniques are used to improve the visual quality of the images. This paper presents the comparative study of different pre-processing techniques used for enhancement of mammograms in mini-MIAS data base. Performance of the image enhancement techniques is evaluated using objective image quality assessment techniques. They include simple statistical error metrics like PSNR and human visual system (HVS) feature based metrics such as SSIM, NCC, UIQI, and Discrete Entropy
关键词： Adaptive median filter,HE,Contrast stretching,Wavelet transforms,CLAHE
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Research on Spatially Adaptive High-Order Total Variation Model for Weak Fluorescence Image Restoration
摘要： Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) has emerged as one of the most advanced ?uorescence cell imaging techniques in the ?eld of biomedicine. However, ?uorescence cell imaging is limited by spatial blur and additive white noise induced by the excitation light. In this paper, a spatially adaptive high-order total variation (SA-HOTV) model for weak ?uorescence image restoration is proposed to conduct image restoration. The method consists of two steps: optimizing the deconvolution model of the ?uorescence image by the generalized Lagrange equation and alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM); using spatially adaptive parameters to balance the image ?delity and the staircase e?ect. Finally, an comparison of SA-HOTV model and Richardson-Lucy model with total variation (RL-TV model) indicates that the proposed method can preserve the image details ultimately, reduce the staircase e?ect substantially and further upgrade the quality of the restored weak ?uorescence image.
关键词： weak ?uorescence,spatially adaptive high-order total variation (SA-HOTV),image restoration,confocal microscopy
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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A novel dynamical approach in continuous cuffless blood pressure estimation based on ECG and PPG signals
摘要： Continuous cu?ess blood pressure (BP) monitoring has attracted much interest in ?nding the ideal treatment of diseases and the prevention of premature death. This paper presents a novel dynamical method, based on pulse transit time (PTT) and photoplethysmogram intensity ratio (PIR), for the continuous cu?ess BP estimation. By taking the advantages of both the modeling and the prediction approaches, the proposed framework e?ectively estimates diastolic BP (DBP), mean BP (BP), and systolic BP (SBP). Adding past states of the cardiopulmonary system as well as present states of the cardiac system to our model caused two main improvements. First, high accuracy of the method in the beat to beat BP estimation. Second, notwithstanding noticeable BP changes, the performance of the model is preserved over time. The experimental setup includes comparative studies on a large, standard dataset. Moreover, the proposed method outperformed the most recent and cited algorithms with improved accuracy.
关键词： Cu?ess blood pressure estimation,Taken’s theorem,Multivariate adaptive regression spline,Pulse transit time,Photoplethysmogram intensity ratio
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Using the multi-object adaptive optics demonstrator RAVEN to observe metal-poor stars in and towards the Galactic Centre
摘要： The chemical abundances for five metal-poor stars in and towards the Galactic bulge have been determined from the H-band infrared spectroscopy taken with the RAVEN multi-object adaptive optics science demonstrator and the Infrared Camera and Spectrograph at the Subaru 8.2-m telescope. Three of these stars are in the Galactic bulge and have metallicities between ?2.1 < [Fe/H] < ?1.5, and high [α/Fe] ～ +0.3, typical of Galactic disc and bulge stars in this metallicity range; [Al/Fe] and [N/Fe] are also high, whereas [C/Fe] < +0.3. An examination of their orbits suggests that two of these stars may be confined to the Galactic bulge and one is a halo trespasser, though proper motion values used to calculate orbits are quite uncertain. An additional two stars in the globular cluster M22 show [Fe/H] values consistent to within 1σ, although one of these two stars has [Fe/H] = ?2.01 ± 0.09, which is on the low end for this cluster. The [α/Fe] and [Ni/Fe] values differ by 2σ, with the most metal-poor star showing significantly higher values for these elements. M22 is known to show element abundance variations, consistent with a multipopulation scenario though our results cannot discriminate this clearly given our abundance uncertainties. This is the first science demonstration of multi-object adaptive optics with high-resolution infrared spectroscopy, and we also discuss the feasibility of this technique for use in the upcoming era of 30-m class telescope facilities.
关键词： stars: abundances,Galaxy: centre,instrumentation: adaptive optics,globular clusters: individual: M22,techniques: spectroscopic
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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A stacked autoencoders-based adaptive subspace model for hyperspectral anomaly detection
摘要： In recent years, some adaptive subspace models perform well for hyperspectral anomaly detection (AD). In this paper, a stacked autoencoders-based adaptive subspace model (SAEASM) is proposed. First, three windows, namely, inner, outer and dictionary window, centered at the test point are used to obtain the local background pixel points and dictionary in the hyperspectral image (HSI). Second, the deep features of differences between the test point and the local dictionary pixels are first acquired by the use of SAE architectures. Then, the deep features of differences between the local background pixels and the local dictionary pixels are also acquired by the use of SAE architectures. Finally, the detection result is obtained by the stacked autoencoders-based adaptive subspace model that is based on the 2-norm of the above two deep features. The experimental results carried out on real and synthetic HSI demonstrate that the proposed SAEASM generally performs better than the comparison algorithms.
关键词： Hyperspectral image,Stacked autoencoders,Adaptive subspace,Anomaly detection
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Real time video image enhancement approach using particle swarm optimisation technique with adaptive cumulative distribution function based histogram equalization
摘要： Recent years, real time videos are playing an important role in different applications such as pattern recognition, security purpose, news analysis, weather digest, and video browser and so on. Due to the importance of real time video applications, the quality of the real time video must be improved for making effective results in real time video analysis process. This paper introduces the particle optimization with adaptive cumulative distribution based histogram enhancement technique (PACDHE) for improving the real time video quality. Initially the videos are collected, each incoming frame has been analyzed and noise present in the video frame is eliminated by applying the non-divisional median filter. After that, quality of real time video is enhanced iteratively by examining each pixel present in video frames using the optimized fitness and cumulative distribution function. This process is repeated continuously until to enhance the real time video frames contrast and quality. Then the performance of the system is analyzed by using CV online video database and the efficiency is examined in terms of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), Absolute Mean Brightness Error (AMBE) and Entropy. The experimental results of PSO are compared with genetic algorithm based approach and found that PSO outperforms the GA approach and the existing histogram equalization approach and the existing histogram equalization approaches.
关键词： contrast enhancement,particle optimization based adaptive cumulative distribution based histogram enhancement technique (PACDHE),fitness and cumulative distribution function,CV online video database,Video quality
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Rational Electron Transmission Structure in an Ag <sub/>2</sub> O/TiO <sub/>2</sub> (anatase-B) System for Effective Enhancement of Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity
摘要： Efficient optical flow estimation with high accuracy is a challenging problem in computer vision. In this paper, we present a simple but efficient segmentation-based PatchMatch framework to address this issue. Specifically, it firstly generates sparse seeds without losing important motion information by oversegmentation, and then yields sparse matches by adopting a coarse-to-fine PatchMatch with sparse seeds. Such a scheme enhances the robustness of global regularization and yields better matching results compared with the existing NNF techniques while leading to a significant speed-up due to the sparsity of these seeds. Simultaneously, we introduce an extended nonlocal propagation and adaptive random search to address the basic limitation of traditional coarse-to-fine framework in handing motion details that often vanish at coarser levels. Finally, we obtain dense matches at the finest level through an efficient sparse-to-dense matching according to the cues of oversegmentation. While performing an efficient approximation for oversegmentation, the proposed algorithm runs significantly fast and are robust to large displacements while preserving important motion details. It also achieves good performance on the challenging MPI-Sintel and Kitti flow 2015 datasets.
关键词： extended nonlocal propagation,adaptive random search,Optical flow,PatchMatch,oversegmentation
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52