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On the Role of a ZDDP in the Tribological Performance of Femtosecond Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures on Titanium Alloy against Different Counterbody Materials
摘要： Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS, ripples) with ~500–700 nm period were produced on titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) surfaces upon scan processing in air by a Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser. The tribological performance of the surfaces were quali?ed in linear reciprocating sliding tribological tests against balls made of di?erent materials using di?erent oil-based lubricants. The corresponding wear tracks were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy and confocal pro?lometry. Extending our previous work, we studied the admixture of the additive 2-ethylhexyl-zinc-dithiophosphate to a base oil containing only anti-oxidants and temperature stabilizers. The presence of this additive along with the variation of the chemical composition of the counterbodies allows us to explore the synergy of the additive with the laser-oxidized nanostructures.
关键词： laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS),friction,lubricant additives,wear
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Graphdiyne Derivative as Multifunctional Solid Additive in Binary Organic Solar Cells with 17.3% Efficiency and High Reproductivity
摘要： Morphology tuning of the blend film in organic solar cells (OSCs) is a key approach to improve device efficiencies. Among various strategies, solid additive is proposed as a simple and new way to enable morphology tuning. However, there exist few solid additives reported to meet such expectations. Herein, chlorine-functionalized graphdiyne (GCl) is successfully applied as a multifunctional solid additive to fine-tune the morphology and improve device efficiency as well as reproductivity for the first time. Compared with 15.6% efficiency for control devices, a record high efficiency of 17.3% with the certified one of 17.1% is obtained along with the simultaneous increase of short-circuit current (Jsc) and fill factor (FF), displaying the state-of-the-art binary organic solar cells at present. The redshift of the film absorption, enhanced crystallinity, prominent phase separation, improved mobility, and decreased charge recombination synergistically account for the increase of Jsc and FF after introducing GCl into the blend film. Moreover, the addition of GCl dramatically reduces batch-to-batch variations benefiting mass production owing to the nonvolatile property of GCl. All these results confirm the efficacy of GCl to enhance device performance, demonstrating a promising application of GCl as a multifunctional solid additive in the field of OSCs.
关键词： graphdiyne derivative,binary organic solar cells,high fill factor,high efficiency,solid additives
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Hole Transfer Promoted by a Viscosity Additive in an All-Polymer Photovoltaic Blend
摘要： Viscosity modi?ers are widely applied to improve the mechanical compliance of organic optoelectronic devices. However, the e?ect of the viscosity additives on the charge dynamics remains poorly understood. Here, we report the observation of markedly di?erent e?ects of a high-viscosity polymeric additive on the electron- and hole-transfer dynamics in all-polymer organic photovoltaic blends. By using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy, we determine that hole transfer from charge-transfer excitations in the acceptor is markedly promoted while the electron transfer from local excitations in the donor remains nearly unchanged upon introduction of viscosity additives into the blends. We argue that the modi?cation of dielectric screening is the mechanism underlying the e?ect of the additive on the charge dynamics. This ?nding suggests a new strategy for designing high-performance ?exible organic photovoltaic devices by manipulating the dielectric environment.
关键词： electron transfer,hole transfer,viscosity additives,dielectric screening,all-polymer photovoltaic blends
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Metal–Organic Framework‐Derived N‐Rich Porous Carbon as an Auxiliary Additive of Hole Transport Layers for Highly Efficient and Long‐Term Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： As the standard bidopants of hole transport layers (HTLs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), bis(tri?uoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt (Li-TFSI) and 4-tert-butylpyridine not only induce adverse in?uence on the quality of thin ?lms, but also seriously impair the long-term stability of devices. Herein, a metal–organic framework-derived 2D graphitic N-rich porous carbon (NPC) is ?rst introduced into the HTLs as an effective auxiliary additive. The introduction of NPC signi?cantly reduces the aggregation of lithium salts and the formation of HTL defects, optimizing ?lm quality for rapid hole extraction and migration. Furthermore, inherent porosity and hydrophobicity of NPCs are extremely bene?cial to restrict the permeation of Li ions and anode metals, and prevent the moisture from eroding the HTLs and perovskite layers, enhancing the stability of PSCs. As expected, the PSCs with NPC realize a satisfactory ?ll factor of 0.76 and power conversion ef?ciency (PCE) of 18.51%, apparently higher than that of pristine devices (0.70% and 16.47%). In addition, over 85% of the initial PCE for optimized PSCs is maintained after 720 h of exposure to air. Obviously, an innovative strategy for highly ef?cient and long-term stable PSC devices is provided.
关键词： metal–organic frameworks,perovskite solar cells,auxiliary additives,hole transport layers,N-rich porous carbons
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Fluorinated solid additives enable high efficiency non-fullerene organic solar cells
摘要： The use of processing additives to optimize active layer morphology in organic solar cells (OSCs) is a simple and impactful way to improve photovoltaic performance. However, the retention of high boiling point liquid additives affects the stability and lifetime of OSCs, necessitating the development of volatilizable additives that can improve efficiency at no cost to long-term device stability. In this study, three novel volatilizable solid additives, INB-1F, INB-3F, INB-5F, with different degrees of fluorination are rationally designed, synthesized, and added into photovoltaic solutions to fabricate OSCs. These additives evaporate upon thermal annealing and exhibit higher volatility as the number of fluorine atoms increases. Our device studies show that these additives can enhance the efficiency of PBDB-T-2F:BTP-4F binary cells from 15.2% to 16.5%, and those of PBDB-T-2F:IT-4F from 12.1% to 13.4%. Molecular dynamic simulations reveal attractive interactions between these additives and the non-fullerene acceptor BTP-4F, leading to enhanced intermolecular π–π stacking among BTP-4Fs, which is a favorable morphology change that we attribute as the origin of the enhanced performance and long-term stability. Our work presents a novel strategy to design new solid additives to replace liquid additives.
关键词： fluorinated solid additives,morphology,power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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17.1% Efficient Singlea??Junction Organic Solar Cells Enabled by na??Type Doping of the Bulka??Heterojunction
摘要： Molecular doping is often used in organic semiconductors to tune their (opto)electronic properties. Despite its versatility, however, its application in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) remains limited and restricted to p-type dopants. In an effort to control the charge transport within the bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) of OPVs, the n-type dopant benzyl viologen (BV) is incorporated in a BHJ composed of the donor polymer PM6 and the small-molecule acceptor IT-4F. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the cells is found to increase from 13.2% to 14.4% upon addition of 0.004 wt% BV. Analysis of the photoactive materials and devices reveals that BV acts simultaneously as n-type dopant and microstructure modifier for the BHJ. Under optimal BV concentrations, these synergistic effects result in balanced hole and electron mobilities, higher absorption coefficients and increased charge-carrier density within the BHJ, while significantly extending the cells’ shelf-lifetime. The n-type doping strategy is applied to five additional BHJ systems, for which similarly remarkable performance improvements are obtained. OPVs of particular interest are based on the ternary PM6:Y6:PC71BM:BV(0.004 wt%) blend for which a maximum PCE of 17.1%, is obtained. The effectiveness of the n-doping strategy highlights electron transport in NFA-based OPVs as being a key issue.
关键词： nonfullerene acceptors,molecular doping,additives,organic photovoltaics
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Performance data of CH3NH3PbI3 Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells via Ammonium Halide Additives
摘要： The data provided in this data set is the study of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells fabricated through incorporating the small amounts of ammonium halide NH4X (X=F, Cl, Br, I) additives into a CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) perovskite solution and is published as “High-Performance CH3NH3PbI3 Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells via Ammonium Halide Additives”, available in Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry [1]. A compact and uniform perovskite absorber layer with large perovskite crystalline grains, is realized by simply incorporating small amounts of additives into precursor solutions, and utilizing the anti-solvent engineering technique to control the nucleation and growth of perovskite crystal, turning out the enhanced device efficiency (NH4F: 14.88 ± 0.33 %, NH4Cl: 16.63 ± 0.21 %, NH4Br: 16.64 ± 0.35 %, and NH4I: 17.28 ± 0.15 %) compared to that of a reference MAPbI3 device (Ref.: 12.95 ± 0.48 %). In addition, this simple technique of ammonium halide addition to precursor solutions increase the device reproducibility as well as long term stability.
关键词： perovskite grain size,inverted planar structure,CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite,ammonium halide additives,anti-solvent engineering
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Influence of Surface Modification of Granules of Powder Material on the Dynamics of Selective Laser Melting
摘要： The method for increasing the efficiency of layer-by-layer laser melting of aluminum powders is proposed in this paper. The analysis of the starting material (powder distribution by size and morphology of the granule surface) is carried out. The possibility of changing the absorbing capacity of a powder composition using highly absorbent materials has been studied. Conclusions were made about the effectiveness of the method for modifying particles of a powder composition based on the data obtained. On the expressed effect of the morphology of the powder material and on the presence of absorbing coatings on the surface of the granules upon absorption of laser radiation energy, data are obtained.
关键词： absorption of laser radiation,particle modification,carbon additives,laser fusion
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Growth of 4-N,N-Dimethylamino-4'-N'-methyl-stilbazolium Tosylate (DAST) Organic Single Crystals Controlled by Oleic Acid
摘要： 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4'-N'-methyl-stilbazolium tosylate (DAST) organic single crystals controlled by (Z)-Octadec-9-enoic acid (oleic acid, OA) was grown by a slow-cooling method. The as-grown DAST single crystals were systematically characterized by FTIR, X-ray diffraction, second harmonic generation, and UV-vis spectroscopy. Results indicate that addition of OA into the DAST solutions leads to the controlled growth of DAST single crystals and consequently, the crystal quality and optical properties can be modified. Particularly, the DAST crystals grown under the control of OA exhibit larger sizes, higher crystallinities, and better optical qualities with higher optical band gaps and lower defect density, compared with those grown in the absence of OA. These results are helpful for better understanding the controlled growth of DAST organic single crystals and modifying their properties for practical applications.
关键词： nonlinear optical materials,crystal growth,additives,DAST single crystals
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Amide Additives Induced Fermi Level Shift for Improved Performance of Hole-Conductor-Free, Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Solution-processable organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells have attracted much attention in the past few years. Energy level alignment is of great importance for performance improvement of perovskite solar cells since it greatly influences charge separation and recombination processes. In this report, we introduce three amide additives, namely, formamide, acetamide, and urea into MAPbI3 perovskite by mixing them directly in perovskite precursor solutions. The Fermi level of MAPbI3 shifts from -4.36 eV to -4.63 eV, -4.65 eV and -4.61 eV respectively with these additives. The charge transfer between perovskite and mp-TiO2 is found to be promoted via TRPL spectra and the recombination process in perovskite is suppressed. As a result, the built-in electric field (Vbi) of the printable, hole-conductor-free mesoscopic perovskite solar cells based on these perovskites with amide additives is enhanced and a highest power conversion efficiency of 15.57% is obtained.
关键词： amide additives,Fermi level shift,printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52