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Design and Evaluation of Stamping Module to Pattern Alignment Marks for LED Post-Processing
摘要： LED (Light Emitting Device) is one of the most important and popular unit in display goods. Until now, the LED process could not make LED from broken substrates during production. This is because the damaged substrate cannot be post-processed by losing alignment mark on itself. After the substrate is pre-processed the substrate having LED dies are glued on blue tape. Therefore, if additional mark printed on the blue tape, it will be able to process the following post-process. In this paper, a precision stamping module to pattern the alignment mark on the blue tape is designed, fabricated and verified.
关键词： Light Emitting Device,Alignment mark,Precision positioning
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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High‐precision alignment procedures for patterning processes in solar cell production
摘要： We present two approaches for high-accuracy aligning of patterning processes with each other when fabricating solar cells. We introduce the approaches on the example of two different patterning processes of which one is adjustable (laser process) and one is not adjustable (screen-printing process). The basic idea is to measure the coordinates of the applied structures of each involved patterning process at discrete grid points with respect to a reference coordinate system. We chose the grid points such that they completely define the final cell pattern. Then, we adjust the grid point coordinates of one of the patterning processes (the laser process) according to the pattern of the other process (the screen-printing process). The laser then performs the patterning by connecting the corrected grid points with each other in the desired direction. We perform the associated high-precision measurement of the patterns' coordinates by using either a high-precision offline coordinate measuring machine or a high-resolution inline camera system with subsequent computer-based data processing. The latter inline method enables high throughput and is, in turn, of great interest for mass production of solar cells. In this paper, we demonstrate the alignment procedure approaches on “pPassDop” solar cells by adjusting a locally applied laser process to the directly following screen-printing step. This proof of principle includes both above-mentioned methods for coordinate determination in separate cell batches. Our innovative alignment procedures so far demonstrated the successful matching of 40-μm-wide screen-printed contact fingers to 70-μm-wide laser-processed lines over the entire area of 6-inch solar cells.
关键词： PERL,coordinate correction,silicon solar cells,patterning processes,selective emitter,PERC,bifacial,alignment,screen printing,pPassDop,laser
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Highly efficient Zn <sub/>2</sub> SnO <sub/>4</sub> perovskite solar cells through band alignment engineering
摘要： An active absorption layer with a narrow band gap has been achieved through adjusting the halide ratio in a halide perovskite, and it had better energy alignment with the Zn2SnO4 electron transport layer. An e?ciency of 19.37% can be obtained, and this has also been improved to 20.26% through the incorporation of cesium, giving a new triple cation perovskite.
关键词： band alignment engineering,perovskite solar cells,efficiency,Zn2SnO4
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Vertically aligned laser sliced MWCNTs
摘要： Applications of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) benefit from the availability of specific lengths of the material while keeping the outer walls pristine, for example, for applications requiring vertically aligned tubes. To this end, a simple and effective continuous flow ‘top down’ process to control the length of sliced MWCNTs has been developed using a vortex fluidic device (VFD) coupled with a 1064 nm pulse laser, with the process in the absence of chemicals and any auxiliary substances. Three different length distributions of the sliced MWCNTs, centered at 75 ± 2.1 nm, 300 ± 1.8 nm and 550 ± 1.4 nm, have been generated with the length depending on the VFD operating parameters and laser energy, with the processing resulting in a decrease in side wall defects of the material. We also show the ability to vertically self assemble short MWCNTs on a silicon substrate with control of the surface density coverage using a simple dipping and rinsing method.
关键词： multi-walled carbon nanotubes,vortex fluidic device,nanotechnology,vertical alignment,laser slicing
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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On efficiency of earth-abundant chalcogenide photovoltaic materials buffered with CdS: the limiting effect of band alignment
摘要： Earth-abundant and environmentally-friendly Cu2–II–IV–VI4 (II = Sr, Ba; IV = Ge, Sn; VI = S,Se) are considered materials for the absorber layers in thin film solar cells. Attempts to understand and improve optoelectronic properties of these newly emerged absorbers resulted in an efficiency of 5.2% in less than two years. However, the energy band alignment at the buffer/absorber interface has not been studied yet; an information which is of crucial importance for designing high performance devices. Therefore, current study focuses on the band offsets between these materials and the CdS buffer. Using first-principles calculations, band discontinuities are calculated at the buffer/absorber interface. The results yield a type-II band alignment between all Cu2–II–IV–VI4 absorbers and CdS, hence a negative DEc. Adoption of a negative DEc (cliff-like conduction band offset) at the buffer/absorber interface, however, gives rise to low open circuit voltage and high interface-related recombinations. Therefore, it is necessary to search for an alternative buffer material that forms a type-I band alignment with these absorbers, where the conduction band minimum and the valence band maximum are both localized on the absorber side.
关键词： buffer/absorber interface,earth-abundant chalcogenides,band alignment,first-principles calculations
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Modeling and Analysis of the Electro-Optic Modulator With Alignment Errors
摘要： Electro-optic modulators have enabled a wide range of emerging applications that place greater demands on the alignment of the modulators. In this paper, for the ?rst time to the best of our knowledge, we construct a theoretical model to describe the electro-optic modulator with alignment errors, which helps us to quantitatively analyze the distribution characteristics of the exiting intensity of the electro-optic modulator under different alignment errors and different applied voltages. The alignment errors in the theoretical model are divided into three kinds, namely, the horizontal error, the vertical error, and the rotation error. The theoretical results show that the model and the distribution characteristics of the exiting intensity are useful to align the electro-optic modulator precisely in practical applications. Furthermore, an experimental setup is proposed to align the electro-optic modulator based on a lithium niobite crystal and to verify the correctness of the model presented in this paper. An excellent agreement is found between the theoretical results and the experimental results.
关键词： Electro-optic modulator,alignment error,polarization ray tracing
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structure Enhances Neuroelectrode Charge Transfer Capabilities and Modulates Astrocyte Function
摘要： The brain machine interface (BMI) describes a group of technologies capable of communicating with excitable nervous tissue within the central nervous system (CNS). BMI’s have seen major advances in recent years but these advances have been impeded due to a temporal deterioration in the signal to noise ratio of recording electrodes following insertion into the CNS. This deterioration has been attributed to an intrinsic host tissue response, namely reactive gliosis which involves a complex series of immune mediators resulting in implant encapsulation via the synthesis of pro-inflammatory signaling molecules and the recruitment of glial cells. There is a clinical need to reduce tissue encapsulation in situ and improve long-term neuroelectrode functionality. Physical modification of the electrode surface at the nanoscale could satisfy these requirements by integrating electrochemical and topographical signals to modulate neural cell behavior. In this study, commercially available platinum iridium (Pt/Ir) microelectrode probes were nanotopographically (NT) functionalized using femto/picosecond laser processing to generate laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). Three different topographies and their physical properties were assessed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The electrochemical properties of these interfaces were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The in vitro response of mixed cortical cultures (embryonic rat E14/E17), was subsequently assessed by confocal microscopy, ELISA and multiplex protein array analysis. Overall LIPSS features improved the electrochemical properties of the electrodes, promoted cell alignment and modulated the expression of multiple ion channels involved in key neuronal functions.
关键词： astrogliosis,electrochemical impedance,platinum/iridium,neuroelectrode,cell alignment,LIPSS
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - The Role of Second Life Li-ion Batteries in Avoiding Generation Curtailment in Utility-scale Wind + Solar Parks in Brazil
摘要： An intelligent hybrid Taguchi-genetic algorithm (IHTGA) is used to optimize bearing offsets and shaft alignment in a marine vessel propulsion system. The objectives are to minimize normal shaft stress and shear force. The constraints are permissible reaction force, bearing stress, shear force, and bending moment in the shaft thrust ?ange under cold and hot operating conditions. Accurate alignment of the shaft for a main propulsion system is important for ensuring the safe operation of a vessel. To obtain a set of acceptable forces and stresses for the bearings and shaft under operating conditions, the optimal bearing offsets must be determined. Instead of the time-consuming classical local search methods with some trial-and-error procedures used in most shipyards to optimize bearing offsets, this paper used IHTGA. The proposed IHTGA performs Taguchi method between the crossover operation of the conventional GA. Incorporating the systematic reasoning ability of Taguchi method in the crossover operation enables intelligent selection of genes used to achieve crossover, which enhances the performance of the IHTGA in terms of robustness, statistical performance, and convergence speed. A penalty function method is performed using the ?tness function as a pseudo-objective function comprising a linear combination of design objectives and constraints. A ?nite-element method is also used to determine the reaction forces and stresses in the bearings and to determine normal stresses, bending moments, and shear forces in the shaft. Computational experiments in a 2200 TEU container vessel show that the results obtained by the proposed IHTGA are signi?cantly better than those obtained by the conventional local search methods with some trial-and-error procedures.
关键词： genetic algorithm,shaft alignment,Marine vessel propulsion system,bearing offsets,optimal design
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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A Bilayer Plasmonic Metasurface for Polarizationa??Insensitive Bidirectional Perfect Absorption
摘要： The implementation of perfect absorption of optical waves in artificial nanostructures has attracted tremendous attention among the scientific community. Traditional approaches based on metamaterials can only absorb optical waves in one direction while reflecting optical waves in the other direction. Here, a polarization-insensitive bidirectional perfect absorber that is composed of bilayer gold nano disks embedded into a silicon nitride substrate is demonstrated. The bidirectional perfect absorption in the proposed bilayer metasurface, which is irrelevant to the coherent of optical waves, is attributed to the multiple reflections and interference of optical waves in the bilayer structures. The proposed perfect absorber shall boost its applications in optical anti-counterfeiting, integrated photodetectors, and solar thermal applications.
关键词： alignment-free,few-layer metasurfaces,polarization-insensitive,bidirectional perfect absorption
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Synergistic Interface Energy Band Alignment Optimization and Defect Passivation toward Efficient and Simplea??Structured Perovskite Solar Cell
摘要： Efficient electron transport layer–free perovskite solar cells (ETL-free PSCs) with cost-effective and simplified design can greatly promote the large area flexible application of PSCs. However, the absence of ETL usually leads to the mismatched indium tin oxide (ITO)/perovskite interface energy levels, which limits charge transfer and collection, and results in severe energy loss and poor device performance. To address this, a polar nonconjugated small-molecule modifier is introduced to lower the work function of ITO and optimize interface energy level alignment by virtue of an inherent dipole, as verified by photoemission spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements. The resultant barrier-free ITO/perovskite contact favors efficient charge transfer and suppresses nonradiative recombination, endowing the device with enhanced open circuit voltage, short circuit current density, and fill factor, simultaneously. Accordingly, power conversion efficiency increases greatly from 12.81% to a record breaking 20.55%, comparable to state-of-the-art PSCs with a sophisticated ETL. Also, the stability is enhanced with decreased hysteresis effect due to interface defect passivation and inhibited interface charge accumulation. This work facilitates the further development of highly efficient, flexible, and recyclable ETL-free PSCs with simplified design and low cost by interface electronic structure engineering through facile electrode modification.
关键词： perovskite solar cells,energy level alignment,work function,nonconjugated small molecules,electron transport layers
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52