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Design and Comparative Studies of Z-Scheme and Type II Based Heterostructures of NaNbO <sub/>3</sub> /CuInS <sub/>2</sub> /In <sub/>2</sub> S <sub/>3</sub> for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Applications
摘要： Here, we report the fabrication of a new Z-scheme based core/shell/shell heterostructure of NaNbO3/CuInS2/In2S3 (core/shell/shell) for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting and also for degradation of organic pollutants. We have also performed a comparative study with a modified heterostructure of NaNbO3/In2S3/CuInS2 having Type II band alignment. The PEC measurements under visible light irradiation show increased photocatalytic performance for the NaNbO3/CuInS2/In2S3 heterostructures as revealed by a high current density of ～6.72 mA/cm2 at ?1.0 V versus Ag/AgCl and low photocurrent onset potential of ～?110 mV in comparison to the Type II system (～1.63 mA/cm2 and ?180 mV vs Ag/AgCl). Mott?Schottky plots confirmed the n?p?n type heterojunction formation in the NaNbO3/CuInS2/In2S3 heterostructure which reduces the charge carrier recombination (revealed by PL intensity and short lifetime). The Z-scheme based system also exhibits excellent degradation efficiency (～99.6%) of organic pollutants. This work shows that the Z-scheme charge separation mechanism in NaNbO3/CuInS2/In2S3 nanostructures is more efficient than the Type II based on NaNbO3/In2S3/CuInS2.
关键词： core/shell/shell heterostructure,photoelectrochemical water splitting,Type II band alignment,organic pollutants degradation,Z-scheme,NaNbO3/CuInS2/In2S3
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Pre-Processing MALDI/TOF Mass Spectra by Using Geena 2
摘要： Geena 2 is a tool for filtering, averaging, and aligning MALDI/TOF mass spectra, designed to assist scientists in the analysis of high volumes of data and support them for comparative studies. Three web interfaces are available with different levels of complexity. In this manuscript, we explain how to use Geena 2 with these three interfaces to perform analyses of one’s own data. Two support protocols showing how to check the example input file and how to create an input file with own data are also presented.
关键词： spectra alignment,mass spectrometry,pre-processing,MALDI/TOF
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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3D Measurement Simulation and Relative Pointing Error Verification of the Telescope Mount Assembly Subsystem for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope
摘要： An engineering validation of a large optical telescope consists of executing major performing tests at the subsystem level to verify the overall engineering performance of the observatory. Thus, the relative pointing error verification of the telescope mount assembly subsystem is of special interest to guarantee the absolute pointing performance of the large synoptic survey telescope. This paper presents a new verification method for the relative pointing error assessment of the telescope mount assembly, based on laser tracker technology and several fiducial points fixed to the floor. Monte-Carlo-based simulation results show that the presented methodology is fit for purpose, even if floor movement occurs due to temperature variation during the measurement acquisition process. A further research about laser tracker technology integration into the telescope structure may suggest that such laser tracker technology could be permanently installed in the telescope in order to provide an active alignment system that aims to detect and correct possible misalignment between mirrors or to provide the required mirror positioning verification accuracy after maintenance activities. The obtained results show that two on-board laser tracker systems combined with eight measurement targets could result in measurement uncertainties that are better than 1 arcsec, which would provide a reliable built-in metrology tool for large telescopes.
关键词： RPE,mirror positioning,laser tracker,telescope mount assembly (TMA),large synoptic survey telescope (LSST),active alignment system,simulation
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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A Bottom-Up Approach to Solution-Processed, Atomically Precise Graphitic Cylinders on Graphite
摘要： Extended carbon nanostructures, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), exhibit remarkable properties but are difficult to synthesize uniformly. Herein, we present a new class of carbon nanomaterials constructed via the bottom-up self-assembly of cylindrical, atomically-precise small molecules. Guided by supramolecular design principles and circle packing theory, we have designed and synthesized a fluorinated nanohoop that, in the solid-state, self-assembles into nanotube-like arrays with channel diameters of precisely 1.63 nm. A mild solution-casting technique is then used to construct vertical “forests” of these arrays on a highly-ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface through epitaxial growth. Furthermore, we show that a basic property of nanohoops, fluorescence, is readily transferred to the bulk phase, implying that the properties of these materials can be directly altered via precise functionalization of their nanohoop building blocks. The strategy presented is expected to have broader applications in the development of new graphitic nanomaterials with π-rich cavities reminiscent of CNTs.
关键词： epitaxial growth,nanohoop,self-assembly,carbon nanotube,Cycloparaphenylene,vertical alignment
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Substrate-Wide Confined Shear Alignment of Carbon Nanotubes for Thin Film Transistors
摘要： To exploit their charge transport properties in transistors, semiconducting carbon nanotubes must be assembled into aligned arrays comprised of individualized nanotubes at optimal packing densities. However, achieving this control on the wafer-scale is challenging. Here, solution-based shear in substrate-wide, confined channels is investigated to deposit continuous films of well-aligned, individualized, semiconducting nanotubes. Polymer-wrapped nanotubes in organic ink are forced through sub-mm tall channels, generating shear up to 10 000 s?1 uniformly aligning nanotubes across substrates. The ink volume and concentration, channel height, and shear rate dependencies are elucidated. Optimized conditions enable alignment within a ±32° window, at 50 nanotubes μm?1, on 10 × 10 cm2 substrates. Transistors (channel length of 1–5 μm) are fabricated parallel and perpendicular to the alignment. The parallel transistors perform with 7× faster charge carrier mobility (101 and 49 cm2 V?1 s?1 assuming array and parallel-plate capacitances, respectively) with high on/off ratio of 105. The spatial uniformity varies ±10% in density, ±2° in alignment, and ±7% in mobility. Deposition occurs within seconds per wafer, and further substrate scaling is viable. Compared to random networks, aligned nanotube films promise to be a superior platform for applications including sensors, flexible/stretchable electronics, and light emitting and harvesting devices.
关键词： electronics,alignment,mobility,field-effect transistors,semiconductors
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Electrical properties of α-Ir <sub/>2</sub> O <sub/>3</sub> /α-Ga <sub/>2</sub> O <sub/>3</sub> pn heterojunction diode and band alignment of the heterostructure
摘要： Corundum-structured iridium oxide (a-Ir2O3), showing p-type conductivity, is a strong candidate to form high-quality pn heterojunctions with a-Ga2O3. We fabricated a-Ir2O3/a-Ga2O3 pn heterojunction diodes and they showed well-defined rectifying current-voltage (I-V) characteristics with the turn-on voltage of about 2.0 V. The band alignment at the a-Ir2O3/a-Ga2O3 interface was investigated by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, revealing a staggered-gap (type-II) with the valence- and conduction-band offsets of 3.34 eV and 1.04 eV, respectively. The total barrier height for electrons was about 2.4 eV, which reasonably agreed with the turn-on voltage in the I-V characteristics. This means that electrons are mainly attributed to electrical conduction around the turn-on voltage.
关键词： pn heterojunction,a-Ir2O3,X-ray photoemission spectroscopy,a-Ga2O3,band alignment
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Ellipsometry - Principles and Techniques for Materials Characterization || The Development of Three-Intensity Measurement in PSA Ellipsometry and Photoelastic Modulation Ellipsometry
摘要： A three-intensity measurement technique in a polarizer-sample-analyzer (PSA) ellipsometry will be introduced. The alignment of the azimuth angle of polarizer and analyzer to the incident plane will be discussed. Its applications to measure the ellipsometric parameters for deducing the optical parameters will be stated. In addition to the PSA ellipsometry, one can insert a photoelastic modulator (PEM) in the PSA ellipsometry for developing a PEM ellipsometry. There is no moving part in the system and its measuring speed is only limited by a modulator. An in situ/real-time and post-flight ellipsometry can be established for monitoring the dynamically varying process.
关键词： real time,curved surface,alignment,calibrations
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Large range nano alignment for proximity lithography using complex grating
摘要： We propose a novel alignment method with nanoscale precision and hundreds of microns detecting range for proximity lithography. With this method, both coarse and ?nal alignments are realized by complex grating based on moiré fringe. For distinguishing the complex gratings in frequency spectrum, there is no interference between the coarse and the ?nal alignment parts. Within only one pattern, modulation of the coarse mark and phase of the ?nal mark can be calculated respectively. Combining the two results, we can do the alignment with nanoscale precision in large measurement range. Furthermore, the structure of our measurement system is simple. Simulation and experiments are carried out to validate the feasibility of the proposed method.
关键词： moiré techniques,Alignment,Gratings,Lithography
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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) van der Waals Heterojunctions
摘要： Van der Waals heterojunctions (vdWHs) have gained extensive attention because they can integrate the excellent characteristics of the stacked materials and most vdWHs exhibit type-II band alignment. However, type-III vdWHs with broken gaps are still very rare, which limits the development and application of two-dimensional (2D) materials in the fields of tunnel FETs (TFETs). Here, we theoretically demonstrate that 2D phosphorene/SnS2 (SnSe2) vdWHs possess type-III (broken-gap) band alignment, and their I-V curves present negative differential resistance (NDR) effects. The BTBT transport mechanism and its applications in TFETs are analyzed. Interestingly, a positive electric field can enlarge the tunnelling window and a negative electric field can realize multiple-band-alignment transformation (type I, type II, and type III). Thus, this work presents the intrinsic physics mechanism and electric field tunable multiple-band alignments in 2D type-III vdWHs and related electronic devices.
关键词： tunnel FETs,SnS2,phosphorene,type-III band alignment,Van der Waals heterojunctions,electric field,SnSe2
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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One-Dimensional Nanostructures: Microfluidic-Based Synthesis, Alignment and Integration towards Functional Sensing Devices
摘要： Micro?uidic-based synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures offers tremendous advantages over bulk approaches e.g., the laminar ?ow, reduced sample consumption and control of self-assembly of nanostructures. In addition to the synthesis, the integration of 1D nanomaterials into micro?uidic chips can enable the development of diverse functional microdevices. 1D nanomaterials have been used in applications such as catalysts, electronic instrumentation and sensors for physical parameters or chemical compounds and biomolecules and hence, can be considered as building blocks. Here, we outline and critically discuss promising strategies for micro?uidic-assisted synthesis, alignment and various chemical and biochemical applications of 1D nanostructures. In particular, the use of 1D nanostructures for sensing chemical/biological compounds are reviewed.
关键词： alignment,micro?uidics,nanosensor,one-dimensional nanostructures,continuous ?ow
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46