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Highly Efficient All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells with Appropriate Active Layer Morphology by Side Chain Engineering of Donor Molecules and Thermal Annealing
摘要： It is very important to fine-tune the nanoscale morphology of donor:acceptor blend active layers for improving the photovoltaic performance of all-small-molecule organic solar cells (SM-OSCs). In this work, two new small molecule donor materials are synthesized with different substituents on their thiophene conjugated side chains, including SM1-S with alkylthio and SM1-F with fluorine and alkyl substituents, and the previously reported donor molecule SM1 with an alkyl substituent, for investigating the effect of different conjugated side chains on the molecular aggregation and the photophysical, and photovoltaic properties of the donor molecules. As a result, an SM1-F-based SM-OSC with Y6 as the acceptor, and with thermal annealing (TA) at 120 °C for 10 min, demonstrates the highest power conversion efficiency value of 14.07%, which is one of the best values for SM-OSCs reported so far. Besides, these results also reveal that different side chains of the small molecules can distinctly influence the crystallinity characteristics and aggregation features, and TA treatment can effectively fine-tune the phase separation to form suitable donor–acceptor interpenetrating networks, which is beneficial for exciton dissociation and charge transportation, leading to highly efficient photovoltaic performance.
关键词： small molecule donor materials,all-small-molecule organic solar cells,interpenetrating networks,side-chain engineering,thermal annealing
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Small molecule donor based on alkoxylated benzothiadiazole unit: Synthesis and photovoltaics properties
摘要： Two small molecule donors (namely BTRO and BTCN) based on the benzothiadiazole unit were synthesized in this study. In comparison to BTRO, BTCN has a narrower absorption spectrum, however, BTCN has better crystallinity, higher carrier mobility, and better light absorption that is complementary to IDIC-4F. Non-fullerene all small molecule organic solar cells (SM-OSCs) based on BTCN: IDIC-4F exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.62% with short circuit current density (Jsc) of 11.46 mA/cm2, open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.89 V, and fill factor (FF) of 0.45. In contrast, non-fullerene SM-OSCs based on BTRO: IDIC-4F showed PCE, Jsc, Voc, and FF values of 4.08%, 11.04 mA/cm2, 0.91 V, and 0.41, respectively. Our results show that benzothiadiazole is a very good acceptor unit for regulating the absorption and energy levels of non-fullerene SM-OSCs.
关键词： benzothiadiazole,all small molecule organic solar cells,non-fullerene,small molecule donor
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells with an Ordered Liquid Crystalline Donor
摘要： A new small-molecule donor, namely BTR-Cl, which possesses a strong liquid crystalline property and high crystallinity, works well with the non-liquid crystalline acceptor Y6 and gives a record-high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.6% in single-junction all-small-molecule organic solar cells. The BTR-Cl:Y6-based device was certified at the National Institute of Metrology, certifying a PCE of 13.0%.
关键词： All-small-molecule organic solar cells,Phase separation,Liquid crystalline donor,Power conversion efficiency,High crystallinity
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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13.34% Efficiency Nonfullerene All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Modulating Crystallinity of Donors via a Fluorination Strategy
摘要： Nonfullerene all-small-molecule organic solar cells (NFSM-OSCs) have shown a promising potential towards the commercialization of OSCs, owing to their unique advantages of high purity, easy synthesis and good reproducibility. However, great challenges in the modulation of phase separation morphology have limited their future development. Herein, two novel small molecular donors of BTEC-1F and BTEC-2F, derived from the small molecule DCAO3TBDTT, were designed and synthesized. While using Y6 as the acceptor, the devices based on non-fluorinated DCAO3TBDTT showed an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.804 V and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.64%. Mono-fluorinated BTEC-1F showed an increased Voc of 0.870 V and a PCE of 11.33%. More impressively, the fill factor (FF) of di-fluorinated BTEC-2F based NFSM-OSC was largely improved to 72.35% resulting in an impressive PCE of 13.34%, which was much higher than that of BTEC-1F (61.35%) and DCAO3TBDTT (60.95%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest reported PCE to date for NFSM-OSCs. BTEC-2F depicted a more compact molecular stacking and a lower crystallinity as revealed from characterization studies, which was beneficial for enhancing phase separation and carrier transport. Those results demonstrated an effective strategy to improve the performance of NFSM-OSCs via fluorination of small molecular donors and modulation of crystallinity deviation between donors and acceptors.
关键词： morphology,all-small-molecule organic solar cells,crystallinity,fluorination,orientation modulation
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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13.34% Efficiency Nonfullerene All‐Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Modulating Crystallinity of Donors via a Fluorination Strategy
摘要： Nonfullerene all-small-molecule organic solar cells (NFSM-OSCs) have shown a promising potential towards the commercialization of OSCs, owing to their unique advantages of high purity, easy synthesis and good reproducibility. However, great challenges in the modulation of phase separation morphology have limited their future development. Herein, two novel small molecular donors of BTEC-1F and BTEC-2F, derived from the small molecule DCAO3TBDTT, were designed and synthesized. While using Y6 as the acceptor, the devices based on non-fluorinated DCAO3TBDTT showed an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.804 V and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.64%. Mono-fluorinated BTEC-1F showed an increased Voc of 0.870 V and a PCE of 11.33%. More impressively, the fill factor (FF) of di-fluorinated BTEC-2F based NFSM-OSC was largely improved to 72.35% resulting in an impressive PCE of 13.34%, which was much higher than that of BTEC-1F (61.35%) and DCAO3TBDTT (60.95%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest reported PCE to date for NFSM-OSCs. BTEC-2F depicted a more compact molecular stacking and a lower crystallinity as revealed from characterization studies, which was beneficial for enhancing phase separation and carrier transport. Those results demonstrated an effective strategy to improve the performance of NFSM-OSCs via fluorination of small molecular donors and modulation of crystallinity deviation between donors and acceptors.
关键词： morphology,all-small-molecule organic solar cells,crystallinity,fluorination,orientation modulation
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22