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- International Islamic University Malaysia
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Spectral Optimization to Minimize Light Absorbed by Artwork
摘要： Light is needed to appreciate artwork, but visible radiation causes damage by photochemical action. Photons trigger photochemical action only when they are absorbed by the object. Damage to sensitive materials can be reduced by optimizing the spectrum of a light source to the reflectance factor of a museum artifact. Absorption minimization approaches can be utilized to quantify and optimize typically conflicting parameters, such as damage due to light absorption, color quality of artwork, and energy consumption. In this project, seven narrowband light emitting diodes (LEDs) are optimized using a multi-objective genetic algorithm to reduce light absorption and energy consumption, while maintaining the color appearance of five paints (blue, green, yellow, orange, red). Results indicate that optimized test spectra can reduce light absorption between 18% and 48%, without causing perceptible color or hue shifts in the paintings. Parallel to absorption, energy consumption is almost halved for all of the paints (between 42% and 48%). Optimizing the light source spectrum can aid in conservation of art collections in museums by reducing damage caused by optical radiation while preserving color fidelity.
关键词： color perception,LED sources and systems,Art conservation,museum lighting,color rendition
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Reactive ion etching of single crystal diamond by inductively coupled plasma: State of the art and catalog of recipes
摘要： Significant technology advances in the growth of single crystal diamond (SCD) have over the past decade led to commercial offerings of high quality SCD substrates, typically available in the form of well specified plates of several square millimeters in size [1]. At the same time, the cost of such plates has considerably decreased [2], which has triggered important research and development efforts aiming to exploit the exceptional optical [3], thermal [4] and mechanical properties [5] of SCD for a variety of applications in electronics [6], photonics [7–10], optics and opto-mechanics [11] and quantum technologies [12].
关键词： Single Crystal Diamond,State of the Art,Reactive Ion Etching,Catalog of Recipes,Inductively Coupled Plasma
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Perovskite solar cell devices on flexible stainless-steel substrate
摘要： Mixed-type categorical and numerical data are a challenge in many applications. This general area of mixed-type data is among the frontier areas, where computational intelligence approaches are often brittle compared with the capabilities of living creatures. In this paper, unsupervised feature learning (UFL) is applied to the mixed-type data to achieve a sparse representation, which makes it easier for clustering algorithms to separate the data. Unlike other UFL methods that work with homogeneous data, such as image and video data, the presented UFL works with the mixed-type data using fuzzy adaptive resonance theory (ART). UFL with fuzzy ART (UFLA) obtains a better clustering result by removing the differences in treating categorical and numeric features. The advantages of doing this are demonstrated with several real-world data sets with ground truth, including heart disease, teaching assistant evaluation, and credit approval. The approach is also demonstrated on noisy, mixed-type petroleum industry data. UFLA is compared with several alternative methods. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time UFL has been extended to accomplish the fusion of mixed data types.
关键词： fuzzy ART,mixed-type data,unsupervised feature learning,Clustering
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 International Conference on Computer, Communication, Chemical, Materials and Electronic Engineering (IC4ME2) - Rajshahi, Bangladesh (2019.7.11-2019.7.12)] 2019 International Conference on Computer, Communication, Chemical, Materials and Electronic Engineering (IC4ME2) - Wet Chemical etching for edge Isolation of Solar cell using HNA
摘要： Embedded software is at the core of current and future telecommunication, automotive, multimedia, and industrial automation systems. The success of practically any industrial application depends on the embedded software system’s dependability, and one method to verify the dependability of a system is testing its robustness. The motivation behind this paper is to provide a knowledge base of the state of the practice in robustness testing of embedded software systems and to compare this to the state of the art. We have gathered the information on the state of the practice in robustness testing from seven different industrial domains (telecommunication, automotive, multimedia, critical infrastructure, aerospace, consumer products, and banking) by conducting 13 semi-structured interviews. We investigate the different aspects of robustness testing, such as the general view of robustness, relation to requirements engineering and design, test execution, failures, and tools. We highlight knowledge from the state of the practice of robustness testing of embedded software systems. We found different robustness testing practices that have not been previously described. This paper shows that the state of the practice, when it comes to robustness testing, differs between organizations and is quite different from the state of the art described in the scienti?c literature. For example, methods commonly described in the literature (e.g., the fuzzy approach) are not used in the organizations we studied. Instead, the interviewees described several ad hoc approaches that take speci?c scenarios into account (e.g., power failure or overload). Other differences we found concern the classi?cation of robustness failures, the hypothesized root causes of robustness failures, and the types of tools used for robustness testing. This paper is a ?rst step in capturing the state of the practice of robustness testing of embedded software systems. The results can be used by both researchers and practitioners. Researchers can use our ?ndings to understand the gap between the state of the art and the state of the practice and develop their studies to ?ll this gap. Practitioners can also learn from this knowledge base regarding how they can improve their practice and acquire other practices.
关键词： interviews,survey,embedded systems,robustness,state of the practice,Testing,state of the art
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT) - Vellore, India (2019.3.22-2019.3.23)] 2019 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT) - Photovoltaic supplied push pull converter for wireless power transfer applications
摘要： Embedded software is at the core of current and future telecommunication, automotive, multimedia, and industrial automation systems. The success of practically any industrial application depends on the embedded software system’s dependability, and one method to verify the dependability of a system is testing its robustness. The motivation behind this paper is to provide a knowledge base of the state of the practice in robustness testing of embedded software systems and to compare this to the state of the art. We have gathered the information on the state of the practice in robustness testing from seven different industrial domains (telecommunication, automotive, multimedia, critical infrastructure, aerospace, consumer products, and banking) by conducting 13 semi-structured interviews. We investigate the different aspects of robustness testing, such as the general view of robustness, relation to requirements engineering and design, test execution, failures, and tools. We highlight knowledge from the state of the practice of robustness testing of embedded software systems. We found different robustness testing practices that have not been previously described. This paper shows that the state of the practice, when it comes to robustness testing, differs between organizations and is quite different from the state of the art described in the scienti?c literature. For example, methods commonly described in the literature (e.g., the fuzzy approach) are not used in the organizations we studied. Instead, the interviewees described several ad hoc approaches that take speci?c scenarios into account (e.g., power failure or overload). Other differences we found concern the classi?cation of robustness failures, the hypothesized root causes of robustness failures, and the types of tools used for robustness testing. This paper is a ?rst step in capturing the state of the practice of robustness testing of embedded software systems. The results can be used by both researchers and practitioners. Researchers can use our ?ndings to understand the gap between the state of the art and the state of the practice and develop their studies to ?ll this gap. Practitioners can also learn from this knowledge base regarding how they can improve their practice and acquire other practices.
关键词： interviews,robustness,state of the practice,Testing,state of the art,survey,embedded systems
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Recomposing Art and Science (artists-in-labs) || Overlapping Waves and New Knowledge Difference, Diffraction, and the Dialog between Art and Science
摘要： Hierarchy and stereotyping still appear to determine the relationship between art and science today, even if the attitude towards scientific research processes and artistic practice has changed in the meantime, leading to a new assessment of these different epistemic cultures. The images of science as universal, objective, and steadily advancing, on the one hand, and of art as predominantly individual, dominated by subjectivity and intuition, on the other, have lost considerable credibility and become less distinct. The various deconstructions of science in the 1960s and 1970s, stemming from linguistics and postmodern relativism and placing emphasis on historical contingency and the social construction of scientific findings, theories and objects of knowledge, were not the sole cause for this development, but also more recent investigations of scientific practice inspired by anthropology. Constituting knowledge “no longer within the abstract space of conceptual history and the history of ideas”, they present it “within its contingency and local situatedness, within the historic context of its production” (Rheinberger, Wahring-Schmidt, Hagner 1997, p. 8). Furthermore, the capacity of art to generate knowledge and engage competently in research has been increasingly recognized over the course of the last decade, while emphasis has been placed on its rational and intersubjective aspects. Regarding the relationship between art and science, the present discourse on artistic research clearly shows, however, that certain presumptions and hierarchizing comparisons still persist. For example, artistic research is frequently analyzed in a one-sided manner and construed as something that generates implicit, practical, or sensual knowledge — a knowledge that is difficult to verbalize and rather shown or felt, a knowledge that, although credited with cognitive and rational qualities, nevertheless must be distinguished from a theoretical-discursive knowledge (insight through terms). We must cast a critical view on these generalizing and polarizing descriptions.1 Based on sensible and conceptual differences, they go hand in hand with the reflexive reference to a concept of scientific research with which artistic research contends and from which it feels compelled to distinguish itself. This operation frequently entails the concern that scientific research practices could ultimately take the upper hand and deprive artistic research of its specific artistic-aesthetic qualities.
关键词： stereotyping,interdisciplinary,hierarchy,science,knowledge generation,art,epistemic cultures
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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The Dynamic Display of Art Holography
摘要： Holograms have been displayed in single-artist and group exhibitions, since the late 1960’s. The content within a holographic image can be greatly compromised if the hologram is not displayed correctly. Holography exhibitions can either enhance or diminish the impact of the images depending on how the exhibit layout and lighting are designed. This paper looks at art holography from the exhibition installation perspective and offers methods for assuring dynamic displays.
关键词： art holograms,hologram exhibitions,reconstructed holograms,holograms
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on teeth with molar incisor hypomineralization—controlled clinical trial
摘要： Background: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a change in the formation of dental enamel of systemic origin that affects at least one of the first 4 permanent molars and usually affects incisors. During the eruption, the affected surfaces tend to fracture, exposing the dentin, which causes excessive sensitivity in addition to making the region very susceptible to the appearance of carious lesions. The objective of this research will be to evaluate the clinical effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in permanent teeth with severe and sensitive MIH. Methods: The methodology will be based on the selection of patients from 6 to 12 years of age with permanent molar teeth, randomly divided in 2 groups. The selected teeth should have MIH on the occlusal surface, indicated for clinical restorative treatment. In Group 1, aPDT will be applied for the treatment of infected dentin. Afterward, the teeth will be restored with high viscosity glass ionomer cement. In Group 2, the removal of the softened dentin around the side walls of the cavity with sharp dentine curettes and posterior restoration with high viscosity glass ionomer cement will be performed. All patients will have clinical and radiographic follow-up with a time interval of 6 and 12 months. The data obtained will be submitted to descriptive statistical analysis to evaluate the association of categorical variables. Chi-square test and Fisher exact test will be applied, to analyze the correlation between the continuous variables, Pearson correlation test will be applied. For the analysis of dentin density in the scanned radiographic images and the microbiological results for colony-forming units, ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis will be applied. Discussion: Often in the presence of severe MIH, the presence of dentin sensitivity is also associated with caries lesion, making it even more necessary to respect the principles of minimal intervention.
关键词： MIH,PDT,laser therapy,ART
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Solar e-Cooking: A Proposition for Solar Home System Integrated Clean Cooking
摘要： This paper presents the feasibility of using solar photovoltaics (Solar PV) as the energy source for cooking with special focus on the loss mechanisms and possible remedial measures. If the heat loss is minimized, to reduce the temperature losses, it is possible to cook with a low power source less than 500 W. A slogan has been adopted by the researchers—‘It is temperature that cooks food not heat’, meaning that it is not the flow of energy that cooks food, but rather, that food is cooked when held at a key temperature for a time. The slogan draws attention to the core concept that if heat loss is minimized, maintaining the temperature inside the cooker and the cooking pan, then the cooking process becomes very energy efficient. The paper considers ways to maintain temperature, but with due reference to the ‘art of cooking’, those all-important cultural processes that determine how meals are made. A prototype solar home system e-cooker was designed, fabricated and tested for cooking different foods in Bangladesh. Experimental results are presented to show that cooking is possible using much less power and energy than is commonly thought. A cost analysis is also presented to show that such a cooker can be cost effective in off-grid areas if connected to a properly designed Solar Home System.
关键词： Solar Home System,clean cooking,solar e-cooker,energy loss in cooking,science and art of cooking
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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A novel algorithm for second-order calibration of three-way data in fluorescence assays of multiple breast cancer-related DNAs
摘要： Fluorescent probes have been valuable tools for bioanalytical multiplex assays. However, as a common phenomenon in multiplex fluorescence assays, spectral overlap usually leads to difficulty in spectral analysis for multiple analytes. Although multiway calibrations have provided mathematic approaches for complex spectral analysis, it remains a grand challenge for these methods in practical applications because of the problems such as prior rank estimation. Herein, we report a novel second-order calibration algorithm of alternating residual trilinearization (ART) for the decomposition of complex spectra generated from multiplex fluorescence assays. By alternating iterative convergence to the spectral profiles of each component in convergence process, ART enables automatic rank estimation for second-order calibration, thus able to avoid the risk of chemical meaningless fitting of component spectra. Combined with fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy, the performance of ART has been demonstrated by a simulated example and an analytical experiment performed using molecular beacons (MBs) for the simultaneous assay of three breast cancer related DNA targets. The results revealed that the proposed algorithm is capable of automatic estimating the number of underlying components during its convergence process to produce acceptable performance in spectral profile resolution and concentration estimation. Compared with other existing iterative trilinear decomposition strategies such as parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) requiring a prior rank estimation, the proposed ART therefore provides a robust second-order calibration strategy for complex spectral analysis in multiplex fluorescence assays.
关键词： Alternating residual trilinearization (ART),Molecular beacon,Fluorescence spectroscopy,Second-order calibration,Multiplex assay
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36