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P1217Zirconium-89 labelled probe for molecular imaging of inflammation in experimental atherosclerosis
摘要： Early detection of in?amed atherosclerotic lesions by molecular imaging might improve risk assessment beyond that of vascular stenosis and plaque morphology imaging, and improve the clinical management of high-risk patients. To target the key features of unstable atherosclerotic lesions, we studied the feasibility of our radiotracer, based on modi?ed human serum albumin (HSA), to identify in?amed atherosclerotic lesions by in vivo molecular imaging. We applied a maleylated HSA (Mal-HSA) probe, recognised by scavenger receptors on macrophages, in an experimental imaging study of atherosclerosis. Mal-HSA was coupled with a positron-emitting metal ion, Zirconium-89 (89Zr). The targeting potential of this probe was evaluated and compared with unspeci?c 89Zr-HSA and 18F-FDG in a mouse model of atherosclerosis (Apoe?/?, n=22) and compared with wild-type (WT) mice (C57BL/6, n=21) as controls. Radiotracer accumulation in the aortic arch was analysed in vivo by the fusion of positron emission tomography–magnetic resonance imaging (PET-MRI), radiotracer bio-distribution was measured ex vivo by gamma counter, and plaque uptake was evaluated by phosphor imaging (PI) autoradiography (ARG). PET-MRI, gamma counter measurements, and PI-ARG showed the accumulation of 89Zr-Mal-HSA in the atherosclerotic lesions of Apoe?/? mice. The maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax) for 89Zr-Mal-HSA at 16 and 20 weeks were 26% and 20% higher (P<0.05) in Apoe?/? mice than control WT mice, whereas no difference in SUVmax was found for 18F-FDG in the same animals. 89Zr-Mal-HSA uptake in the aorta as evaluated by gamma counter 48 h post-injection was 32% higher (P<0.01) for Apoe?/? mice compared to WT mice, and the aorta-to-blood ratio was 10-fold higher (P<0.001) for 89Zr-Mal-HSA compared with unspeci?c 89Zr-HSA. HSA probes were mainly distributed to the liver, spleen, kidneys, bone and lymph nodes. The PI-ARG results corroborated the PET and gamma counter measurements, showing higher accumulation of 89Zr-Mal-HSA in the aortas of Apoe?/? mice compared to WT mice; 9.4±1.4 vs 0.8±0.3% (P<0.001). The modi?ed HSA-based radiotracer showed in vivo targeting of in?amed atherosclerotic lesions of mouse aorta, which could also be veri?ed ex vivo. 89Zr-Mal-HSA seems to be a promising diagnostic tool for the identi?cation of vascular in?ammation. Further methodological studies are needed to verify its applicability for detecting rupture-prone plaques.
关键词： atherosclerosis,inflammation,Zirconium-89,PET-MRI,molecular imaging,Nuclear cardiology
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Coa??Integration of Single Mode Waveguides and Embedded Electrical Interconnects for High Bandwidth Communications
摘要： Valid characterization of carotid atherosclerosis (CA) is a crucial public health issue, which would limit the major risks held by CA for both patient safety and state economies. This paper investigated the unexplored potential of kinematic features in assisting the diagnostic decision for CA in the framework of a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) tool. To this end, 15 CAD schemes were designed and were fed with a wide variety of kinematic features of the atherosclerotic plaque and the arterial wall adjacent to the plaque for 56 patients from two different hospitals. The CAD schemes were benchmarked in terms of their ability to discriminate between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients and the combination of the Fisher discriminant ratio, as a feature-selection strategy, and support vector machines, in the classification module, was revealed as the optimal motion-based CAD tool. The particular CAD tool was evaluated with several cross-validation strategies and yielded higher than 88% classification accuracy; the texture-based CAD performance in the same dataset was 80%. The incorporation of kinematic features of the arterial wall in CAD seems to have a particularly favorable impact on the performance of image-data-driven diagnosis for CA, which remains to be further elucidated in future prospective studies on large datasets.
关键词： motion analysis,Carotid atherosclerosis (CA),kinematic features,ultrasound (US),computer-aided diagnosis (CAD)
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Extending the Use of Coronary Calcium Scanning to Clinical Rather Than Just Screening Populations
摘要： Twenty-five years after its initial development, coronary artery calcium (CAC) scanning has become a relatively inexpensive test that has been extensively validated as a potent noninvasive means for assessing the burden of coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic individuals. A proportional relationship between the magnitude of CAC abnormality and the frequency of subsequent cardiac events over long-term follow-up has been consistently demonstrated, including observations from large patient and population-based cohorts.1–3 Incremental prognostic value over standard clinical assessments including the Framingham Risk Score and other scores of global risk has also been consistently reported.3,4 Consequently, the application of CAC scanning for assessing asymptomatic patients with intermediate clinical risk has now become part of clinical guidelines.5,6
关键词： tomography, emission-computed, single-photon,myocardial perfusion imaging,coronary angiography,atherosclerosis,Editorials,coronary artery disease
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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<i>In vivo</i> multiplex molecular imaging of vascular inflammation using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
摘要： Vascular immune-inflammatory responses play a crucial role in the progression and outcome of atherosclerosis. The ability to assess localized inflammation through detection of specific vascular inflammatory biomarkers would significantly improve cardiovascular risk assessment and management; however, no multi-parameter molecular imaging technologies have been established to date. Here, we report the targeted in vivo imaging of multiple vascular biomarkers using antibody-functionalized nanoparticles and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Methods: A series of antibody-functionalized gold nanoprobes (BFNP) were designed containing unique Raman signals in order to detect intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and P-selectin using SERS. Results: SERS and BFNP were utilized to detect, discriminate and quantify ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and P-selectin in vitro on human endothelial cells and ex vivo in human coronary arteries. Ultimately, non-invasive multiplex imaging of adhesion molecules in a humanized mouse model was demonstrated in vivo following intravenous injection of the nanoprobes. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that multiplexed SERS-based molecular imaging can indicate the status of vascular inflammation in vivo and gives promise for SERS as a clinical imaging technique for cardiovascular disease in the future.
关键词： vascular inflammation,molecular imaging,multiplexing,atherosclerosis,surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Characterization of coronary atherosclerosis by intravascular imaging modalities
摘要： Coronary artery disease (CAD) is highly prevalent in Western countries and is associated with morbidity, mortality, and a significant economic burden. Despite the development of anti-atherosclerotic medical therapies, many patients still continue to suffer from coronary events. This residual risk indicates the need for better risk stratification and additional therapies to achieve more reductions in cardiovascular risk. Recent advances in imaging modalities have contributed to visualizing atherosclerotic plaques and defining lesion characteristics in vivo. This innovation has been applied to refining revascularization procedure, assessment of anti-atherosclerotic drug efficacy and the detection of high-risk plaques. As such, intravascular imaging plays an important role in further improvement of cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CAD. The current article reviews available intravascular imaging modalities with regard to its method, advantage and disadvantage.
关键词： imaging,Atherosclerosis,plaque
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Intravascular Molecular Imaging to Detect High-Risk Vulnerable Plaques: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives
摘要： Purpose of Review To describe vulnerable plaque pathobiology and summarize potential targets for molecular imaging with a focus on intravascular near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) and its translatable applications. Recent Findings Structural imaging alone is unable to precisely identify high-risk plaques in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Intravascular near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging is an emerging translational approach that can image specific in vivo molecular processes and cells that characterize vulnerable plaques. High-priority NIRF targets imaged by intravascular NIRF imaging thus far include macrophages, cathepsin protease activity, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), and abnormal endothelial permeability. The newest generation of NIRF catheters is multimodal in nature and combines NIRF with either IVUS or OCT, providing simultaneous co-registered morphological and pathobiological assessment of atherosclerotic plaques. While most intravascular NIRF studies have been performed in a preclinical environment, a first-in-human NIR autofluorescence-OCT trial has recently been performed. These developments suggest that clinical intravascular NIRF molecular imaging will be available within the next 3 years. Summary Molecular imaging is a powerful approach to enhance our understanding of atherosclerosis pathophysiology. Intravascular NIRF/OCT and NIRF/IVUS molecular imaging is nearing its use in atherosclerosis patients and will initially leverage indocyanine green (ICG) as an FDA-approved NIRF agent that reports on abnormal plaque permeability. Clinical trials are needed to assess the value of intravascular NIRF imaging using ICG as well as other novel NIRF imaging agents to better understand vulnerable plaque pathobiology, event prediction, and to enable personalized pharmacotherapy of high-risk plaques and patients.
关键词： Molecular imaging,Vulnerable plaque,Near-infrared spectroscopy,OCT,Atherosclerosis,Near-infrared fluorescence,IVUS
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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An Ultra-Wideband Power Combining in Ridge Waveguide for Millimeter Wave
摘要： Valid characterization of carotid atherosclerosis (CA) is a crucial public health issue, which would limit the major risks held by CA for both patient safety and state economies. This paper investigated the unexplored potential of kinematic features in assisting the diagnostic decision for CA in the framework of a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) tool. To this end, 15 CAD schemes were designed and were fed with a wide variety of kinematic features of the atherosclerotic plaque and the arterial wall adjacent to the plaque for 56 patients from two different hospitals. The CAD schemes were benchmarked in terms of their ability to discriminate between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients and the combination of the Fisher discriminant ratio, as a feature-selection strategy, and support vector machines, in the classification module, was revealed as the optimal motion-based CAD tool. The particular CAD tool was evaluated with several cross-validation strategies and yielded higher than 88% classification accuracy; the texture-based CAD performance in the same dataset was 80%. The incorporation of kinematic features of the arterial wall in CAD seems to have a particularly favorable impact on the performance of image-data-driven diagnosis for CA, which remains to be further elucidated in future prospective studies on large datasets.
关键词： motion analysis,Carotid atherosclerosis (CA),kinematic features,ultrasound (US),computer-aided diagnosis (CAD)
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Coronary computed tomography: current role and future perspectives for cardiovascular risk stratification
摘要： Coronary computed tomography: current role and future perspectives for cardiovascular risk stratification. F. Musella, R. Formisano, G. Mattiello, E. Iardino, L. Petraglia, A. Vitagliano, I. Fabiani, A.P. Cirillo, M. Petito, P. Perrone-Filardi. Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The majority of cardiovascular events, more than 50% of CAD deaths, occur in previously asymptomatic individuals at intermediate cardiovascular risk, highlighting the relevance of accurate individual risk assessment to decrease cardiovascular events through more appropriate targeting of preventive measures. In the last decades, the development of non-invasive imaging techniques have prompted interest in imaging of atherosclerosis. Coronary computed tomography provides the opportunity to assess the deposition of calcium in the coronary tree and to non-invasively image coronary vessels. Both information are useful for risk stratification of asymptomatic subjects or of subjects with suspected CAD.
关键词： cardiovascular imaging,coronary artery disease,coronary calcium score,atherosclerosis,coronary CT angiography.
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Comparative Quantification of Arterial Lipid by Intravascular Photoacoustic-Ultrasound Imaging and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-Intravascular Ultrasound
摘要： Intravascular photoacoustic-ultrasound (IVPA-US) imaging and near-infrared spectroscopy-intravascular ultrasound (NIRS-IVUS) are two hybrid modalities that detect arterial lipid, with comparison necessary to understand the relative advantages of each. We performed in vivo and ex vivo IVPA-US imaging of the iliac arteries of Ossabaw swine with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and lean swine to investigate sensitivity for early-stage atherosclerosis. We repeated imaging ex vivo with NIRS-IVUS for comparison to IVPA-US and histology. Both modalities showed significantly greater lipid in MetS vs. lean swine, but only IVPA-US localized the lipid as perivascular. To investigate late-stage atherosclerosis, we performed ex vivo IVPA-US imaging of a human coronary artery with comparison to NIRS-IVUS and histology. Two advanced fibroatheromas were identified, with agreement between IVPA-measured lipid area and NIRS-derived lipid content. As confirmed histologically, IVPA-US has sensitivity to detect lipid content similar to NIRS-IVUS and provides additional depth resolution, enabling quantification and localization of lipid cores within plaques.
关键词： Swine,Lipid core plaque,Near-infrared spectroscopy,Human,Intravascular imaging,Photoacoustic imaging,Atherosclerosis,Perivascular adipose tissue
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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IVOCT Has a Bright Future in the Identification of Vulnerable Plaques
摘要： Using intravascular imaging to identify the impact of statins on vulnerable plaques has a long and rich history. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging of coronary arteries first provided a more comprehensive assessment of atherosclerotic plaques in vivo than coronary angiography. Subsequent advances in tissue characterization of gray-scale IVUS allowed observers to visually identify the composition of plaques as lipid cores, fibrous tissue, and even thick fibrous caps. Early IVUS trials demonstrated a slowing or halting of progression and even regression of atherosclerosis during statin treatment. The advent of three-dimensional (3D) IVUS image reconstructions allowed more precise characterization of a reduction in lipid volume and increases in fibrous volume as a result of high-dose statin therapy. Following the introduction of virtual histology-intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS), with its ability to detect various types of plaques in an automated fashion, statin therapy studies indicated a reduced external elastic membrane area and calcium volume but, surprisingly, decreased fibrous plaque volume and had no effect on necrotic core volume. An obvious question is why this meta-analysis of 9 VH-IVUS trials did not demonstrate the anticipated beneficial effects of statins. Furthermore, the major limitation with IVUS in those studies was the inability to identify changes in thin-cap fibroatheroma(s) (TCFA) thickness due to limited spatial resolution of approximately 100 mm. TCFAs are the lesions most likely to rupture and are strongly predictive of major adverse cardiovascular events.
关键词： optical coherence tomography,atherosclerosis,statin,myocardial infarction
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46