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[IEEE 2019 12th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE) - Kazan, Russia (2019.10.7-2019.10.10)] 2019 12th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE) - The Effects of Al-Doped ZnO Layer on the Performance of Organic Solar Cell
摘要： The interface properties as well as the solar cell properties of inverted organic solar cells based on PCDTBT:PCBM blends were investigated using sol-gel aluminum doped ZnO as electron transport layers. The effects of Al concentration on the optical, structural and morphological properties of AZO layer were investigated. The results indicate that Al concentration has influenced the grain size growth leading to different surface morphology. High doping concentration resulted in higher charge carrier density and wider band gap. Using AZO layers in organic solar cell has increased their performance; the best performance was observed for the device with 0.5% Al-doped ZnO layer with efficiency of 3.24%, short circuit current density of 8.82mA.cm-2, fill factor of 0.46% and open circuit voltage of 0.81V, whereas the reference device has exhibited an efficiency of 2.9%, short circuit current density of 7.6mA.cm-2, fill factor of 0.48 % and open circuit voltage of 0.785V.
关键词： Electron Transport layer,PCDTBT:PCBM,Organic solar cell,AZO thin films
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Enhanced UV and visible light - driven Photocatalytic degradation of Tartrazine by Nickel-doped Cerium oxide Nanoparticles
摘要： Nickel-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via a simple aqueous coprecipitation method. The synthesized nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized by PXRD, TEM, SEM, EDX, Raman, and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques. XRD study confirmed the doping of nickel in the cerium oxide lattice. The shift in Raman spectra revealed the formation of nanoparticles in their pure phase with fluorite structure. EDX revealed the formation of a solid solution on doping Ni- to CeO2. SEM images revealed considerable agglomeration. TEM analysis asserted the average particle size of 8-10 nm with a well-defined spherical shape. The particle size was found to be sensitive to dopant concentration, i.e., it decreased with increase in the concentration of the dopant. A comparative UV-visible spectroscopic analysis showed the remarkable red shift in the band gap of nickel-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles. Investigation of photocatalytic activity towards degradation of azo dye tartrazine showed that 3 mol% and 5 mol% Ni- CeO2 nanoparticles exhibited 53.4% and 63.7% photodegradation respectively under visible irradiation while 57.4% and 65.4% respectively under UV irradiation. The study suggests that the band gap of cerium oxide nanoparticles can be easily tuned (decreased) by doping of nickel at different concentrations. The observed improved photocatalytic activity upon Nickel doping is attributed to the narrow band gap.
关键词： azo dye,mechanism,tartrazine,photocatalysis,Nickel-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Synthesis and photochromic properties of some N-phthalimide azo-azomethine dyes. A DFT quantum mechanical calculations on imine-enamine tautomerism and trans-cis photoisomerization
摘要： This paper presents synthesis, photophysical characterization and quantum mechanical calculations of some N-phthalimide azo-azomethine dyes. The dyes were synthesized via azo coupling reaction between 2,4-substituted aromatic anilines and salicylic aldehyde followed by condensation reactions between azo dyes and N-aminophtalimide. Quantum chemical calculations to optimise the molecular geometry and to determine the electron densities of the trans (E) imine ? enamine and the cis (Z) imine ? enamine isomers and their vibrational frequencies have been computed by using DFT at B3LYP/6–31 + G(d,p) level of theory in vacuo. The effect of the used DMF solvent on the molecular structure and bond energies has been determined by using the IEFPCM model. Thermodynamic parameters such as total electronic energy E(RB3LYP), enthalpy H298 (sum of electronic and thermal enthalpies), free Gibbs energy G298 (sum of electronic and thermal free Gibbs energies) and dipole moment μ were computed in order to estimate the ΔE, Δμ, ΔH, ΔG and ΔS values. The NBO analysis was performed in order to understand the intramolecular charge transfer and the energy of resonance stabilization. After molecular geometry optimization, the electronic spectra were obtained by TD-DFT calculations at the above mentioned basis set using the IEFPCM model of DMF as a solvent. The solvatochromic effect of the dyes in four solvents with different polarity has been studied by UV–VIS spectroscopy and compared with the theoretically predicted. The coincidence between measured and calculated spectra is satisfactory. The dynamic photoisomerization experiments were performed in DMF under irradiation with UV light at λ = 365 nm (mostly E → Z) and with VIS light at λ = 400–800 nm (mostly Z → E). The spectra were recorded in the spectral region from 300 to 800 nm at identical sample concentrations of the three dyes and illumination times in order to investigate the photodynamical E → Z → E conversion of the\N_N\chromophore group of the dyes as well as the imine ? enamine tautomerization.
关键词： Tautomerism,DFT calculations,Schiff bases,Azo-azomethine dyes,Photochromism,Trans-cis photoisomerization
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Photovoltaic cells with various azo dyes as components of the active layer
摘要： The photovoltaic response of six cells with an active layer of heterocyclic azo dyes is presented for the first time. The active azo layers differed in the type of substituent (i.e. electron-donating: CH3, OCH3 and electron withdrawing: Br). We showed that by changing the substituent in the heterocyclic azo dye we change the power efficiency of the device. It should be mentioned that all presented data showed high potential of heterocyclic azo dyes for effective photovoltaic output. The studied heterocyclic azo dyes have higher photovoltaic parameters than those obtained for photovoltaic cell with 4-Diethoxyphenylsilylazobenzene.
关键词： Theoretical DFT calculations,Photovoltaic cell,Thin films,Heterocyclic azo dyes,Current density-voltage characteristics
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Construction of ultraviolet protection, thermal insulation, superhydrophobic and aromatic textile with Al-doped ZnO–embedded lemon microcapsule coatings
摘要： Multifunctional textiles combining ultraviolet protection, thermal insulation, superhydrophobic and aromatic performance were successfully prepared using an aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO)-embedded lemon microcapsule and SiO2 dual-layer coating. AZO-loaded lemon microcapsules with average diameter of 1.5 mm were obtained via interfacial polymerization. Results showed that the high concentration of the AZO-embedded lemon microcapsule contributed to enhancing the waterproof property, aromatic performance, and visible and near-infrared light transmittance. The lemon content was up to 2.789 mg/g (weight of essence:weight of fabric). The water contact angle was high at 153.35°, exhibiting an outstanding superhydrophobic performance. The light transmittance decreased as the amount of AZO-embedded lemon microcapsule increased. The ultraviolet protection factor value reached 88.78 when the dosage of the AZO-embedded lemon microcapsule was 6%. Given the above research results, the cotton fabric coated with the AZO-embedded lemon microcapsule and SiO2 dual-layer composite coating would have potential applications in the water/oil purification field and functional protective fabrics.
关键词： AZO-embedded lemon microcapsule,aromatic textile,superhydrophobic,thermal insulation,ultraviolet protection
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Pulsed light for a cleaner dyeing industry: Azo dye degradation by an advanced oxidation process driven by pulsed light
摘要： Water pollution by wastewater containing dyes is an environmental issue that can be mitigated by the use of advanced oxidation processes (AOP). Pulsed light (PL) is an emerging food processing technology that uses eco-friendly lamps and can potentially be adapted as light source of an UV-based AOP. In the present work, a PL/H2O2 process was tested for the decolourization of two azo dyes, and a pulsed light/H2O2/ferrioxalate process was tested for the decolourization of one azo dye. The efficiency of the PL/H2O2 process in a batch reactor under different parametric values: dye concentration, pH, H2O2 and salt doses was followed by spectrophotometry and fitted to first-order kinetics; and several degradation products were detected. In the PL/H2O2 process, decolourization rates increased at low dye concentrations and high H2O2 doses, were pH-dependent and were inhibited by the addition of NaCl, Na2SO3 or Na2CO3. More than 50 % decolouration was achieved with the PL/H2O2 process for both dyes after applying 54 J/cm2 (25 light pulses). The PL/H2O2/ferrioxalate process achieved > 95 % decolouration for Methyl orange when applying 21 J/cm2 (10 pulses); that level of energy can be supplied by PL commercial systems in nine and four seconds respectively. No known toxic degradation products were detected. Results show that a PL/H2O2 process has potential to be used for the efficient degradation of dyes from wastewater. Furthermore, the efficacy of this process can be improved by the use of ferrioxalate. PL technology could become an alternative light source to contribute to decrease the environmental impact of wastewater produced by the dyeing industry.
关键词： pulsed light,ferrioxalate,advanced oxidation process,azo dye,wastewater remediation
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Bending control of liquid-crystal elastomers based on doped azo derivatives synthesized via controlled gradient polymerization
摘要： The intelligence, complexity, and diversification of nature is a continuous source of inspiration for humankind. Imitating natural intelligence to devise bionic microrobots with self-regulated features remains an enormous challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a biomimetic soft material that uses light to trigger mechanical motion. This light-sensitive mimosa mimetic film was designed based on liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) and photoisomerizable azo compounds. To control the bending direction, a predesigned UV-induced gradient polymerization was used. The energy-controlled polymerized film comprises one high-density and one low-density liquid crystal mesogen face. Similar to mimosas, the fabricated films achieved stimuli-responsive actuation, exhibiting shape deformation upon light illumination. The elastic network undergoes reversible shape changes via photochemical trans-cis isomerization of an azo compound in response to a stimulus. In this study, only a small amount of photoisomerizable 1-Hydroxy-n-(4-nitro-azobenzene-4′-oxy)hexane (AZO) was used; however, the domino effect caused a significant reversible actuation. The mesogen density of the top and bottom faces was found to be an important factor for the bending control. This study explores a new way to fabricate films that can bend in controlled directions during light irradiation. This phototunable film is expected to be used for applications in microrobotics and micromachinery.
关键词： smart polymers,azo derivatives,liquid crystal elastomers,photopolymerization
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Influence of Silicon Layers on the Growth of ITO and AZO in Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells
摘要： In this article, we report on the properties of indium tin oxide (ITO) deposited on thin-film silicon layers designed for the application as carrier selective contacts for silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. We find that ITO deposited on hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) layers presents a significant drop on electron mobility μe in comparison to layers deposited on hydrogenated amorphous silicon films (a-Si:H). The nc-Si:H layers are not only found to exhibit a larger crystallinity than a-Si:H, but are also characterized by a considerably increased surface rms roughness. As we can see from transmission electron microscopy (TEM), this promotes the growth of smaller and fractured features in the initial stages of ITO growth. Furthermore, secondary ion mass spectrometry profiles show different penetration depths of hydrogen from the thin film silicon layers into the ITO, which might both influence ITO and device passivation properties. Comparing ITO to aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO), we find that AZO can actually exhibit superior properties on nc-Si:H layers. We assess the impact of the modified ITO Rsh on the series resistance Rs of SHJ solar cells with >23% efficiency for optimized devices. This behavior should be considered when designing solar cells with amorphous or nanocrystalline layers as carrier selective contacts.
关键词： secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS),indium tin oxide (ITO),series resistance,Aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO),transparent conductive oxide (TCO),transmission electron microscopy (TEM),silicon heterojunction (SHJ)
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Intermolecular Interactions of Hybrid Organic Dyes Based on Coumarin 343 for Optoelectronic Applications
摘要： Understanding the intermolecular interactions in the organic dye mixtures could be critical for the design of high-performance optoelectronic devices. In the present study, we investigate the intermolecular interactions in dye systems combining two kinds of organic dyes, using the coumarin 343 (C343) as an example. The study employs the first principles calculations and the spectroscopic/electrochemical experiments to explore the intermolecular interactions (either synergistic or antagonistic) and their effects on the electronic and optical properties of the hybrid dye systems. The interactions between the coumarin dye and four other dyes, either as free dyes or as self-assembled monolayers that are adsorbed onto semiconductor substrate, are analyzed via the UV–Vis absorption, the emission and the photocurrent measurements. The four dyes include 4-(4-diethylaminophenylazo)pyridine, chlorophosphonazo III, methyl red, and catechol, which have been applied to optoelectronic devices. In particular, the interaction between C343 and 4-(4-diethylaminophenylazo)pyridine is found to be synergistic for the photocurrent generation using the aqueous electrolyte, which is not observed in other systems. The study suggests importance of the intermolecular interactions in the hybrid-dye systems, and might provide fundamental insights on the intermolecular interactions that could be leveraged to design optoelectronic devices.
关键词： synergistic,coumarin,optoelectronic,azo,TiO2 intermolecular
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Preparation of highly transparent conductive aluminum-doped zinc oxide thin films using a low-temperature aqueous solution process for thin-film solar cells applications
摘要： In this work, we developed a facile route to fabricate highly transparent conductive AZO thin films by using an aqueous solution process followed by an ultraviolet (UV) exposure technique at an annealing temperature as low as 200 °C, where the aluminum citrate complex was used as the Al doping source. Various of deposition parameters in the AZO thin films fabrication process were studied and optimized. The mechanisms on UV exposure and heat treatment to the conductivity improvement and conductivity stability of the AZO films were analysed. Results showed that the AZO thin films under the best parameters conditions demonstrated an optical transmittance higher than 85% in the visible spectra region and a lowest electrical resistivity of 4.8 × 10?3 Ω cm, while exhibited densely oriented columnar grains and uniform surface morphology as well as uniform composition distribution. The UV exposure could remove carbon species from the surface of the AZO thin films to reduce oxygen-related defects and release free carriers at the boundaries and interfaces, thereby improving the conductivity of the AZO thin films. The simultaneous treatment of the AZO thin film by ultraviolet exposure and heat treatment could remove carbon species at a deeper thickness, thereby improving the conductive stability of the AZO thin films. Kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film solar cells incorporating the optimal AZO thin films as top electrodes demonstrated a best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.15%, which was comparable to the PCE value obtained by using the sputtering deposited AZO thin films as top electrodes.
关键词： AZO thin films,Aqueous solution process,Photoelectric properties,Ultraviolet exposure,Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film solar cells
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52