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Representing hydrodynamically important blocking features in coastal or riverine lidar topography
摘要： New automated methods are developed for identifying narrow landscape features that cause hydrodynamic blocking and might have critical impacts for management models of river flooding, coastal inundation, climate change, or extreme event analysis. Lidar data processed into a fine-resolution raster (1 m × 1 m) can resolve narrow blocking features in topography but typically cannot be directly used for hydrodynamic modeling. For practical applications such data are abstracted to larger scales, which can result in a loss of hydrodynamic blocking effects. The traditional approach to resolving hydrodynamic blocking features is to represent them as cell boundaries within a customized unstructured grid that is tuned to the spatial features. A new automated edge-blocking approach is developed, which allows application of an arbitrarily structured (Cartesian) mesh at coarser scales and provides contiguous representation of blocking features along Cartesian cell boundaries. This approach distorts the shape of a blocking feature (i.e., making it rectilinear along grid cell faces) but retains its critical hydrodynamic blocking height characteristics and spatial continuity within the topographic model.
关键词： coastal inundation,climate change,hydrodynamic blocking,river flooding,lidar topography,extreme event analysis
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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The Paris Agreement 2015 as a Primer for Developing Nigerian Off-grid Solar Electricity
摘要： The Paris Climate Change Agreement 2015 amassed diverse commentaries from renewable energy proponents and environmentalists. For environmentalists, it represents a vindication of environmental multilateralism given that for the first time in the history of international climate change law, over 196 sovereign states voluntarily subscribed to be bound by a treaty in furtherance of mitigation of climate change. In the same vein, renewable energy promoters applaud it for being the needed catalyst that will exfoliate greenhouse gases from the atmosphere by ushering in a new age dominated by renewable energy and other clean energy sources. The Nigerian government has joined the movement by signing the Agreement and undertaking to develop off-grid renewable solar electricity of 13,000 gigawatts by 2030 in their Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs). These targeted off-grid solar electricity would be functional in combating the electricity poverty in Nigeria. Some studies by renowned international bodies are pointers that only 45.6 per cent of the entire Nigerian population had access to electricity in 2016. Even the population that has access to electricity get an average of four hours of erratic supply daily. The electricity problem is largely due to the Nigerian electricity grid. The Nigerian electricity sector is centralised given that electricity is generated in large gas and hydro power stations. Consequently, it is distributed to consumers across Nigeria through a national grid. This grid is unsuitable for the electrification of 65 per cent of the Nigerian rural population because they are in remote rural areas. Secondly, the electricity infrastructures used in Nigeria are old and not adequately maintained. As a result, they frequently break down. Furthermore, these infrastructures are targets for vandals. Owing to the interconnectivity of the grid, regular breakdown or vandalism against a part of the infrastructure disrupts the quality of supply of power from the national grid. Hence, if a one hundred percent electrification rate were to be achieved, Nigeria would have to resort to decentralised electricity which dispenses with the need for the use of a national grid. Thus, the targeted off-grid solar electricity is a welcome development.
关键词： Nigerian Off-grid Solar Electricity,Renewable Energy,Climate Change,Electricity Poverty,Paris Agreement
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[EcoProduction] Biotechnology Products in Everyday Life || Performance Evaluation of Solar Energy-Based Distillation System for Groundwater Purification: A Green Concept for Rural Development of Indian Villages
摘要： Globally, increasing water pollution and lack of safe drinking water has raised an alarming situation. There are breaching water treatment systems which are increasing the rate of mortality by severely affecting the health and severe health effects due to lack of potable water. This guides us to develop and initiate sustainable solutions for both urban and rural communities. A common solution for many water-related key issues like an assurance to its availability, its reliability, and purity can be dealt with the development of low-tech systems which re?ect and promote long-term sustainable solutions. The following chapter discusses a process that harnesses the solar energy for the removal of arsenic contamination in water, followed by phytoremediation to treat the generated waste to meet the disposal requirements. The chapter also throws light on alternative solutions relying on solar energy for rural development, with economic evaluation to address the vulnerability of residents in context to the changing environment, climate change, and groundwater pollution, etc. The chapter opens new roads of environmental sciences taking the lead for agricultural biotechnological problems of groundwater contamination.
关键词： Rural development,Public health,Solar energy,Groundwater pollution,Climate change and vulnerability,Remediation
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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ET Variations and influence factors in the Yangtze River Basin from multi-satellite remote sensing data
摘要： Evapotranspiration (ET) variations in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) are influenced by environmental and climate changes related to planting of crops, forest vegetation, water use and other human activities. However, it is difficult to measure ET variations and analyse influencing factors in the YRB due to lack of in-situ measurements. In the present study, the ET variations were estimated and investigated in the whole, the upper, middle and lower reaches of the YRB using the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment, optical remote sensing data and hydrological models based on a water balance method, which was validated by MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations and models. Furthermore, GRACE-ET verified the drought events in 2006 and 2011. The long-term variation rate of GRACE-ET is 0.79 mm/yr. The spatial distribution of seasonal ET variations indicates that ET is highest in summer and lowest in autumn-winter. It also shows that the completion of the Three Gorges Project has certainly increased ET. Precipitation and temperature have the largest impact on the ET variations; radiation and soil moisture have moderate effects. ET variations in the middle and lower reaches are greatly affected by precipitation, and temperature plays a more important role in the upper YRB reaches.
关键词： evapotranspiration,GRACE,climate change,Yangtze River Basin (YRB)
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Developing nations must lead in solar geoengineering
摘要： Developing countries must lead research into solar geoengineering and not rely on studies being carried out in Europe and North America. That is the view of 12 prominent scientists who argue that the “global south” is most vulnerable to climate change and has the most to gain or lose from geoengineering. These countries should therefore drive efforts to understand the technology and discussions around its use.
关键词： global south,SRM,solar geoengineering,research,climate change
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[IEEE IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Valencia (2018.7.22-2018.7.27)] IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Change Analysis of Subalpine Coniferous Forest Area over the Last 20 Years using Time-series Landsat Images
摘要： The purpose of this study is to identify the long-term area changes in the subalpine coniferous forests in Korea as a basic step to understand the changes and decline in the subalpine forest ecosystems vulnerable to climate change. We analyzed time-series Landsat satellite images (mid 1990s, mid 2010s) for change detection of coniferous forest area in nationwide subalpine areas. As a result, the area of coniferous forests in the study sites decreased by 25% over last 20 years. The sites with the largest changes are Seoraksan, Baegunsan, Jirisan, and Hallasan. The site shown the largest decrease area was Baegunsan (reduced area: 542ha), and the site with the largest rate of decrease of clustered forest was Hallasan (rate of decrease: 33.3%). This national and long-term information on the change of coniferous forests in the subalpine region can be utilized as base data for the detailed survey of endangered subalpine coniferous trees in the future.
关键词： Coniferous forest,Climate change,Change analysis,Landsat image
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Linking climate change education through the integration of a kite-borne remote sensing system
摘要： A majority of secondary science teachers are found to include the topic of climate change in their courses. However, teachers informally and sporadically discuss climate change and students rarely understand the underlying scientific concepts. The project team developed an innovative pedagogical approach, in which teachers and students learn climate change concepts by analyzing National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) global data collected through satellites and by imitating the NASA data collection process through NASA Airborne Earth Research Observation Kites And Tethered Systems (AEROKATS), a kite-borne remote sensing system. Besides AEROKATS, other major components of this system include a web-collection of NASA and remote sensing data and related educational resources, project-based learning for teacher professional development, teacher and student field trips, iOS devices, smart field data collector apps, portable weather stations, probeware, and a virtual teacher collaboratory supported with a GIS-enabled mapping portal. Three sets of research instruments, the NASA Long-Term Experience –Educator End of Event Survey, the Teacher End of Project Survey, and the pre-and-post-Investigating Climate Change and Remote Sensing (ICCARS) project student exams, are adapted to study the pedagogical impacts of the NASA AEROKATS remote sensing system. These findings confirm that climate change education is more effective when both teachers and students actively participate in authentic scientific inquiry by collecting and analyzing remote sensing data, developing hypotheses, designing experiments, sharing findings, and discussing results.
关键词： Authentic scientific inquiry,Climate change education,Kite-borne remote sensing system,NASA sources,AEROKATS
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Remote sensing lake level fluctuations in response to a changing climate
摘要： Lakes and reservoirs have long been regarded as a solution to the water problems of semi-arid regions, as well as a mitigation measure against the impacts of climate change and climate variability. However, the ability of these lakes to mitigate the impacts of climate change itself has largely been untested. In this study, we tested the utility of remote sensing in monitoring fluctuations in Lake Mutirikwi’s surface area. Furthermore, we determined the nature and strength of the relationship between Lake Mutirikwi’s surface area and annual rainfall total with a view to understanding the sensitivity of the lake volume to the main input of water in the lake – precipitation. Results of the study show that the volume of the lake fluctuated by between 1% and as much as 90% of the lake’s capacity. We also found a significant relationship (r = 0.84, p = 0.002) between the surface area of the lake and the amount of rainfall received in the second half of the rainfall season. We conclude that Lake Mutirikwi is so sensitive to fluctuations in rainfall amounts that it doesn’t offer much mitigation cover in the face of a changing and highly variable climate.
关键词： remote sensing,climate change,Lake Mutirikwi,lake surface area
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Estimation of Voxel-Based Above-Ground Biomass Using Airborne LiDAR Data in an Intact Tropical Rain Forest, Brunei
摘要： The advancement of LiDAR technology has enabled more detailed evaluations of forest structures. The so-called “Volumetric pixel (voxel)” has emerged as a new comprehensive approach. The purpose of this study was to estimate plot-level above-ground biomass (AGB) in different plot sizes of 20 m × 20 m and 30 m × 30 m, and to develop a regression model for AGB prediction. Both point cloud-based (PCB) and voxel-based (VB) metrics were used to maximize the efficiency of low-density LiDAR data within a dense forest. Multiple regression model AGB prediction performance was found to be greatest in the 30 m × 30 m plots, with R2, adjusted R2, and standard deviation values of 0.92, 0.87, and 35.13 Mg·ha?1, respectively. Five out of the eight selected independent variables were derived from VB metrics and the other three were derived from PCB metrics. Validation of accuracy yielded RMSE and NRMSE values of 27.8 Mg·ha?1 and 9.2%, respectively, which is a reasonable estimate for this structurally complex intact forest that has shown high NRMSE values in previous studies. This voxel-based approach enables a greater understanding of complex forest structure and is expected to contribute to the advancement of forest carbon quantification techniques.
关键词： LiDAR,voxel,REDD+,volumetric pixel,forest biomass,forest carbon stock,climate change
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Sea Ice Albedo from MISR and MODIS: Production, Validation, and Trend Analysis
摘要： The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) sensor onboard the Terra satellite provides high accuracy albedo products. MISR deploys nine cameras each at different view angles, which allow a near-simultaneous angular sampling of the surface anisotropy. This is particularly important to measure the near-instantaneous albedo of dynamic surface features such as clouds or sea ice. However, MISR’s cloud mask over snow or sea ice is not yet sufficiently robust because MISR’s spectral bands are only located in the visible and the near infrared. To overcome this obstacle, we performed data fusion using a specially processed MISR sea ice albedo product (that was generated at Langley Research Center using Rayleigh correction) combining this with a cloud mask of a sea ice mask product, MOD29, which is derived from the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), which is also, like MISR, onboard the Terra satellite. The accuracy of the MOD29 cloud mask has been assessed as >90% due to the fact that MODIS has a much larger number of spectral bands and covers a much wider range of the solar spectrum. Four daily sea ice products have been created, each with a different averaging time window (24 h, 7 days, 15 days, 31 days). For each time window, the number of samples, mean and standard deviation of MISR cloud-free sea ice albedo is calculated. These products are publicly available on a predefined polar stereographic grid at three spatial resolutions (1 km, 5 km, 25 km). The time span of the generated sea ice albedo covers the months between March and September of each year from 2000 to 2016 inclusive. In addition to data production, an evaluation of the accuracy of sea ice albedo was performed through a comparison with a dataset generated from a tower based albedometer from NOAA/ESRL/GMD/GRAD. This comparison confirms the high accuracy and stability of MISR’s sea ice albedo since its launch in February 2000. We also performed an evaluation of the day-of-year trend of sea ice albedo between 2000 and 2016, which confirm the reduction of sea ice shortwave albedo with an order of 0.4–1%, depending on the day of year and the length of observed time window.
关键词： calibration,MODIS,Sea ice,albedo,climate change,MISR
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14